Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Spray Flow and Evaporation in Sprinkler Irrigation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Giulio Lorenzini  Daniele De Wrachien 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2004,18(2):155-166

This paper shows the main results,reached during the last three years ofresearch by this group, on sprinklerirrigation modeling and experimenting. Amathematical method based on the SecondPrinciple of Dynamics proves to fully matchthe results obtained by more complicatedmodels from other authors, but still needsfurther verification to determine aerialwater droplet evaporation, even if this nowhelps to confirm the relevance of airfriction in the process. The experimentalactivity performed also shows its use inhelping towards a fuller understanding ofwater waste in sprinkler irrigationpractice.  相似文献   

Conserving the terecay (Podocnemis unifilis, Testudines: Pelomedusidae) through a community-based sustainable harvest of its eggs     

Francesco Paolo Caputo  Daniele Canestrelli  Luigi Boitani 《Biological conservation》2005,126(1):84-92

The exploitation of South American river turtles as a food source has long been considered the main factor contributing to the decline of populations. Along a stretch of the Aguarico River (Ecuador), we investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of terecay (Podocnemis unifilis) nests, factors affecting nest outcome, and the effect of offering a reward for each hatchling captured on the pattern of egg consumption by the local human community. Flooding influence on egg mortality appears to be particularly important in this Amazonian region, destroying 63.1% of all nests. This amount of nests resulted more than sufficient to satisfy the local community’s consumption needs (28.2%). The proposed reward for each hatchling ensured the voluntary participation of the Cofan people in the terecay conservation project, leading to: (i) nests being harvested only from sites where there were likely no hatching possibilities, (ii) efficient management and protection of nesting beaches with abolition of poaching of nests and adult females, and (iii) transplantation of nests from sites that would be flooded (and whose yield exceeds human consumption). Therefore, we argue that in this area of Aguarico River there are both biologically and socially favourable conditions for the establishment of a sustainable harvest of terecay eggs. Possible factors determining high nest mortality due to flooding in this area, as well as opportunities to make the project evolve toward economic self-sustainability, will also be discussed.  相似文献   

Antioxidant characterization of some Sicilian edible wild greens     

Salvatore S  Pellegrini N  Brenna OV  Del Rio D  Frasca G  Brighenti F  Tumino R 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(24):9465-9471

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that many antioxidants and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the diet may protect against cancers and cardiovascular disease. Common fruits and vegetables are good sources of antioxidants, although in some Mediterranean areas traditional wild greens are responsible for a significant percentage of total dietary antioxidant intake. In the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort of Ragusa (Sicily), a high number of subjects were found to frequently eat wild greens, including Sinapis incana and Sinapis nigra, Diplotaxis erucoides, Cichorium intybus, Asparagus acutifolius, and Borrago officinalis. On the basis of these observations, detailed characterization of single antioxidant components (i.e., polyphenols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and ascorbic acid) and the TAC of these edible wild traditional plants was performed. The wild plants examined were found to be very rich in antioxidants, such as flavonoids and carotenoids, with high TAC values, suggesting that the importance of these vegetables, not only in the traditional but even in the contemporary diet, needs to be emphasized.  相似文献   

Incidence and type of brain herniation associated with intracranial meningioma in dogs and cats     

Simone MINATO  Giunio B. CHERUBINI  Daniele DELLA SANTA  Stefano SALVADORI  Massimo BARONI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(2):267

The incidence of brain herniation (BH) in association with intracranial meningioma (ICM) in dogs and cats is poorly described. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate and type of brain herniations in client-owned dogs and cats with ICMs and to determine the meningioma volume (MV) relative to cranial cavity volume (CCV). A retrospective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis study of 24 cats and 45 dogs with ICMs was conducted to ascertain the presence and characteristics of BH. MV and CCV were measured and their ratio was calculated for each animal. Correlations of MV/CCV with independent variables were analyzed. BH was encountered in 24/24 cats (100%) and 30/45 dogs (66.7%) with ICMs. In cats, the most frequent presentation was foramenal herniation (FMH; 23/24, 95.8%), followed by caudotentorial (CTH; 21/24, 87.5%) and subfalcine (SH; 18/24, 75.0%) herniation. In dogs, the most frequent presentation was SH (28/45; 62.2%), followed by CTH (9/45; 20%) and FMH (2/45; 4.4%). Relative to dogs, cats with ICM had greater incidences of FMH (P<0.001) and CTH (P<0.001). Mean MV/CCV ratio was higher in cats (0.098) than in dogs (0.038; P<0.001). The most common clinical sign of ICM was altered behavior in cats (43%, P<0.01) and seizures in dogs (74.4%, P<0.001). In conclusion, cats were found to be more likely than dogs to present FMH and CTH, with a proportionally greater neoplasia volume.  相似文献   

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is down regulated after bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 infection in both wild-type and TLR3/7/9 deficient mice     

Daniele Gonalves DA SILVA  Iracema Luisa Quintino de CARVALHO  Eliana Cristina de Brito TOSCANO  Beatriz lvares da Silva Senra SANTOS  Bruna da Silva OLIVEIRA  Marco Antnio CAMPOS  Flvio Guimares da FONSECA  Quezya Mendes CAMARGOS  Gabriela Ferreira de SOUSA  Marcelo Vidigal CALIARI  Antnio Lúcio TEIXEIRA  Aline Silva de MIRANDA  Milene Alvarenga RACHID 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(2):180

Neurotrophic factors have been implicated in the control of neuronal survival and plasticity in different brain diseases. Meningoencephalitis caused by bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5) infection is a frequent neurological disease of young cattle, being the involvement of apoptosis in the development of neuropathological changes frequently discussed in the literature. It’s well known that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can activate neuroinflammatory response and consequently lead to neuronal loss. However, there are no studies evaluating the expression of neurotrophic factors and their association with brain pathology and TLRs during the infection by BoHV-5. The current study aimed to analyze brain levels of neurotrophic factors along with neuropathological changes during acute infection by BoHV-5 in wild-type (WT) and TLR3/7/9 (TLR3/7/9^−/−) deficiency mice. The infection was induced by intracranial inoculation of 1 × 10⁴ TCID₅₀ of BoHV-5. Infected animals presented similar degrees of clinical signs and neuropathological changes. Both infected groups had meningoencephalitis and neuronal damage in CA regions from hippocampus. BoHV-5 infection promoted the proliferation of Iba-1 positive cells throughout the neuropil, mainly located in the frontal cortex. Moreover, significant lower levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were detected in both BoHV-5 infected WT and TLR3/7/9 deficient mice, compared with non-infected animals. Our study showed that BDNF down regulation was associated with brain inflammation, reactive microgliosis and neuronal loss after bovine alpha-herpesvirus 5 infection in mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that combined TLR3/7/9 deficiency does not alter those parameters.  相似文献   

Cytologic detection of Toxoplasma gondii in the cerebrospinal fluid of a dog and in vitro isolation of a unique mouse-virulent recombinant strain     

Walria Borges-Silva  Mariana M. Rezende-Gondim  Gideo S. Galvo  Daniele S. Rocha  George R. Albuquerque  Luís P. Gondim 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(3):591

Parasites resembling Neospora caninum or Toxoplasma gondii were detected by cytologic examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a dog with neurologic disease. The dog became severely ill and was euthanized. Canine tissue homogenates were used for direct parasite isolation in cell culture, bioassay in 2 mouse lineages, and PCR. T. gondii was isolated in monkey kidney cells, and species identity was confirmed by PCR. Inoculated parasites were highly virulent for mice, which developed clinical signs and were euthanized immediately. PCR-RFLP for T. gondii using the cultured isolate (TgDgBA22) was conducted with 12 genetic markers, and a unique recombinant strain was identified. Detection of T. gondii by CSF cytology, although described in humans, had not been reported previously in dogs, to our knowledge, and was crucial for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in the examined dog.  相似文献   

ECHO-DOPPLER FINDINGS OF A CAROTID-JUGULAR FISTULA IN A FOAL     

Carlo  Guglielmini  DVM  Daniele  Bernardini  DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(3):310-314

A seven-month-old male Standardbred was referred with a 4-month history of left jugular groove distension. On physical examination severely dilated left maxillary, linguofacial and jugular veins were appreciable. Blood gas analysis results indicated higher degree of oxygenation in the left jugular vein. Bi-directional flow signals, with normal systolic and early diastolic flow, and late diastolic retrograde flow, were noted on pulsed-wave Doppler interrogation and color flow mapping of the left jugular blood flow. A systolic-diastolic signal with spectral broadening was detected when positioning the sample gate near the internal jugular wall, in the distal left cervical region. Color Doppler imaging of the same region showed blood flow passage between the left common carotid artery and the left jugular vein through a small carotid-jugular fistula. Markedly increased blood flow velocities and volumetric flow, and decreased resistive index were recorded in the left compared to the right common carotid artery.  相似文献   

Evaluation of microbial contamination and effects of storage in raw meat-based dog foods purchased online     

Giada Morelli  Paolo Catellani  Riccardo Miotti Scapin  Sofia Bastianello  Daniele Conficoni  Barbara Contiero  Rebecca Ricci 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(2):690-697

Feeding raw-meat-based diets to companion animals has become a widespread practice, and many owners are now accustomed to buying frozen ingredients online. The goals of this study were to assess the microbiological quality of raw-meat dog foods obtained from specialized websites and to evaluate the effects of storage at different temperatures for a few days. Twenty-nine raw dog food products were processed for quantitative bacteriology (i.e. total viable count, TVC; Escherichia coli; faecal coliforms, FC) and sulphite-reducing clostridia, and analysed for the presence of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and Clostridium difficile. Every sample was examined right after the delivery (T0), after 24 to 48 hr and after 72 hr, both at 2°C and 7°C. At T0, the mean score for the TVC was 5.9 × 10⁶ cfu/g (SD = 4.8 × 10⁷ cfu/g), while those for E. coli and FC were 1.1 × 10⁴ cfu/g (SD = 2.5 × 10⁵ cfu/g) and 3.3 × 10³ cfu/g (SD = 6.5 × 10⁴ cfu/g) respectively. The samples stored at 2°C had a significant increase of all parameters (TVC: p < .01; E. coli: p = .03; FC: p = .04) through time. Noteworthy differences between the analyses performed at 2°C and 7°C were found for TVC (p < .01), being the samples considerably more contaminated at higher temperatures. No sample tested positive for Salmonella spp., while L. monocytogenes was isolated from 19 products, Y. enterocolitica from three products and Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile from four and six products respectively. The microbiological quality of raw-meat dog foods sold online appears to be poor, carrying considerable amounts of potentially zoonotic bacteria and reaching greater levels of bacterial contaminations if not kept at proper refrigeration temperatures and fed soon after defrosting.  相似文献   

Ethnobotanical study on traditional use of local fruit varieties in Gargano Promontory (Apulia,Italy)     

Biscotti  Nello  Bonsanto  Daniele  Laghetti  Gaetano 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(2):871-925

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - This study is a first attempt at documenting the ethnobotanical value of local fruit trees, the quantity of which has been decreasing for the past fifty...  相似文献   

Sand fractions micromorphometry detected by Vis-NIR-MIR and its impact on water retention     

Luis Augusto Di Loreto Di Raimo  Eduardo Guimarães Couto  José Alexandre Mello Demattê  Ricardo Santos Silva Amorim  Gilmar Nunes Torres  Cassiano Cremon  Danilo César de Mello  Edwaldo Dias Bocuti  Raul Roberto Poppiel  Adeilson Nascimento da Silva  Lucas Nunes Lima  Luis Carlos Gomes Neto 《European Journal of Soil Science》2022,73(2):e13227

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