Modification of Chitin with Kraft Lignin and Development of New Biosorbents for Removal of Cadmium(II) and Nickel(II) Ions     

Marcin Wysokowski  ?ukasz Klapiszewski  Dariusz Moszyński  Przemys?aw Bartczak  Tomasz Szatkowski  Izabela Majchrzak  Katarzyna Siwińska-Stefańska  Vasilii V. Bazhenov  Teofil Jesionowski 《Marine drugs》2014,12(4):2245-2268

Novel, functional materials based on chitin of marine origin and lignin were prepared. The synthesized materials were subjected to physicochemical, dispersive-morphological and electrokinetic analysis. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method of synthesis of functional chitin/lignin materials. Mechanism of chitin modification by lignin is based on formation of hydrogen bonds between chitin and lignin. Additionally, the chitin/lignin materials were studied from the perspective of waste water treatment. The synthetic method presented in this work shows an attractive and facile route for producing low-cost chitin/lignin biosorbents with high efficiency of nickel and cadmium adsorption (88.0% and 98.4%, respectively). The discovery of this facile method of synthesis of functional chitin/lignin materials will also have a significant impact on the problematic issue of the utilization of chitinous waste from the seafood industry, as well as lignin by-products from the pulp and paper industry.  相似文献   

Tall fescue aluminum tolerance is affected by neotyphodium coenophialum endophyte     

Dariusz P. Malinowski  David P. Belesky 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(8):1335-1349

Roots of endophyte‐infected (E+) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) exude more phenolic‐like reductants than roots of endophyte‐free (E‐) plants when mineral stressed. Phenolic compounds are efficient chelators of aluminum (Al) and may influence Al tolerance in many plant species. The objective of our study was to determine if enhanced release of phenolic compounds by roots of E+ plants contributes to Al tolerance in tall fescue. Two cloned genotypes (DN2 and DN11) of tall fescue infected with their naturally occurring fungal endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan‐Jones and Gams) Glenn, Bacon and Hanlin and their noninfected isolines were grown in nutrient solutions at 0 μM Al (Al‐) and at 640 μM Al (Al+) under controlled environment conditions. Root and shoot dry matter (DM) of endophyte‐infected tall fescue was greater in E+ than E‐ plants by 57% and 40%, respectively, when plants were grown without Al. Endophyte infection did not affect root and shoot DM of tall fescue grown with Al but relative (to Al‐treatment) reduction in root and shoot DM was greater in E+ than E‐ plants. In response to Al stress, more Al (47%) and P (49%) could be desorbed from root surfaces of E+ than E‐ plants. Aluminum concentrations in roots of E+ plants were 35% greater and P concentrations were 10% less than those determined in roots of E‐plants. No differences in mineral concentrations were observed in shoots, regardless of endophyte status, or Al level in nutrient solution. Roots of E+ plants increased pH of both Al‐ and Al+ nutrient solutions to a greater extent than roots of E‐ plants in a 48 h interval. Our results show that more Al can be sequestered on root surfaces and in root tissues of endophyte‐infected tall fescue than in plants devoid of endophyte. Aluminum sequestration was greater on root surfaces and in root tissues of E+ than E‐ plants of a given tall fescue genotype. Our results suggest that increased exudation of phenolic‐like compounds from roots of endophyte‐infected tall fescue may be directly involved in Al tolerance and serves as a mechanism for widespread adaptability and success of endophyte‐tall fescue associations.  相似文献   

Low molecular weight poly(lactic acid) microparticles for controlled release of the herbicide metazachlor: preparation, morphology, and release kinetics     

Stloukal P  Kucharczyk P  Sedlarik V  Bazant P  Koutny M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(16):4111-4119

The preemergence chloroacetamide herbicide metazachlor was encapsulated in biodegradable low molecular weight poly(lactic acid) micro- and submicroparticles, and its release to the water environment was investigated. Three series of particles, S, M, and L, varying in their size (from 0.6 to 8 μm) and with various initial amounts of the active agent (5%, 10%, 20%, 30% w/w) were prepared by the oil-in-water solvent evaporation technique with gelatin as biodegradable surfactant. The encapsulation efficiencies reached were about 60% and appeared to be lower for smaller particles. Generally, it was found that the rate of herbicide release decreased with increasing size of particles. After 30 days the portions of the herbicide released for its highest loading (30% w/w) were 92%, 56%, and 34% for about 0.6, 0.8, and 8 μm particles, respectively. The release rates were also lower for lower herbicide loadings. Metazachlor release from larger particles tended to be a diffusion-controlled process, while for smaller particles the kinetics was strongly influenced by an initial burst release.  相似文献   

Dynamics of ammonia excretion in juvenile common tench, Tinca tinca (L.), during intensive rearing under controlled conditions     

Joanna Nowosad  Daniel Żarski  Maria Biłas  Katarzyna Dryl  Sławomir Krejszeff  Dariusz Kucharczyk 《Aquaculture International》2013,21(3):629-637

This paper presents the first data on ammonia excretion by fed and starved juvenile common tench. The aim of the study was to determine the amount of ammonia excretion by juvenile common tench Tinca tinca (L.), fed with a commercial feed under intensive rearing conditions. Rearing was conducted for a period of 4 weeks at a water temperature of 27 °C. On the test day, the amounts of ammonia excreted by starved fish (over 12 h: control group) and fish fed with a morning feed dose (3 % of biomass: experimental group) were determined at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 h after feeding. Ammonia excretion measurements were taken in 7-day intervals. Despite the increased growth rate in successive weeks of experiment, the amount of ammonia excreted by the fish was always at a similar level within the control (maximum 0.26 mg g^?1) and the experimental group (maximum 0.39 mg g^?1). This paper presents for the first time reliable amount of ammonia excreted by fed and starved juvenile common tench. The obtained results may also increase the effectiveness of intensive rearing procedures (taking into account stocking density and feeding regime) and allow to design the most effective biofiltration capacity of recirculating aquaculture systems for the commercial production of this species.  相似文献   

The parameters of energetic status of the wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) spermatozoa     

Katarzyna Dziewulska  Irena Baranowska‐Bosiacka  Józef Domagała  Dariusz Chlubek 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(1):139-148

The energetic status of fresh sperm of wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was presented in selected males (n=10) with motility rate ≥80%. Purine and pyridine nucleotides: adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), guanosine triphosphate, guanosine diphosphate, guanosine monophosphate, inosine monophosphate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; nucleosides: adenosine, guanosine and inosine; bases: hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid were determined using the high‐performance liquid chromatography method. The average value of adenylate energy charge in the group was 0.77 ± 0.10, and the mean total adenine nucleotide content (TAN) was 65.1 ± 18.3 pmol × 10^?6 spermatozoa. The mean concentrations of ATP, ADP and AMP were 43.5, 11.8 and 9.9 pmol × 10^?6 spermatozoa respectively. The concentrations of the other energetic nucleotides studied were lower. In all males studied (n=23) with a motility rate from 0% to 95%, no statistically significant correlation between the per cent of motile sperm and ATP concentration was found (R_s=0.35), whereas the correlation between the per cent of motile sperm and ADP was statistically significant (R_s=0.60). A negative correlation was found between hypoxanthine and the per cent of motile spermatozoa (R_s=?0.44). Our results suggest that hypoxanthine is the final product of salmon spermatozoa of adenine nucleotide catabolism.  相似文献   

Dynamics of yolk sac and oil droplet utilization and behavioural aspects of swim bladder inflation in burbot, Lota lota L., larvae during the first days of life, under laboratory conditions     

K. Palińska-Żarska  D. Żarski  S. Krejszeff  J. Nowosad  M. Biłas  K. Trejchel  D. Kucharczyk 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(1):13-27

The study concerns investigation of early larval development of burbot, Lota lota. As part of a two-year study, the first 15 days (until the end of yolk sac resorption) of burbot larvae development under controlled conditions were examined. The aim of the study was to observe the moment of swim bladder inflation and the behavioural aspects of this process, as well as the analysis of yolk and oil droplet resorption and the beginning of exogenous nutrition. It was observed that larvae began to inflate their swim bladder on the 3rd day post-hatch. On 5 DPH, none of the larvae without an inflated bladder was able to swim up the distance separating it (10 cm) from the water surface. Since 9 DPH, 50 % of larvae started exogenous feeding, and the absence of yolk was observed on 13 DPH and oil droplet on 14 DPH, while on 15 DPH, 100 % of feeding larvae were observed. The presented results indicate that the analyzed period is critical for burbot, and it is characterized by a high mortality rate (over 60 %). Additionally, the results suggest that, under controlled conditions, the latest moment when burbot larvae should be given exogenous food is 9–10 DPH and until the moment of the swim bladder inflation, larvae should be kept in tanks with a low water depth (up to 10 cm). The data presented in this study could have a significant influence on the efficiency of larvae rearing, both for aquaculture and for restocking purposes.  相似文献   

Effect of two commercial preparations containing different GnRH analogues with dopamine antagonists on barbel Barbus barbus (L.) sperm quantity and quality     

Beata Irena Cejko  Daniel Żarski  Sylwia Judycka  Dariusz Kucharczyk  Beata Sarosiek  Radosław Kajetan Kowalski 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(1):97-109

The effectiveness of applying Ovaprim [(D-Arg⁶, Pro⁹NEt)-sGnRH + domperidone] and Ovopel [(D-Ala⁶, Pro⁹NEt)-mGnRH + metoclopramide] to male barbel Barbus barbus (L.) 6, 12 and 24 h after hormonal stimulation was analyzed. The control group (Control) during each time interval was stimulated with 0.9 % NaCl. Milt was collected from seven fish only once (n = 7) for Ovopel, Ovaprim and Control group in order to determine total volume of milt, volume of milt per kg of body weight, sperm concentration, total sperm production, seminal plasma osmotic pressure, pH of milt and pH of seminal plasma. Woynarovich’s solution (68 mM NaCl + 50 mM urea) with the addition of 0.5 % BSA (pH 7.7; 181 mOsm kg^?1) was used as the activating liquid. Selected parameters of sperm motility (MOT %) and progressively motile sperm (%), curvilinear velocity (VCL, μm s^?1), straight-line velocity (μm s^?1), movement linearity (%), wobbling index (%), amplitude of lateral head displacement (μm) and beat cross frequency (Hz) were determined using the Computer-assisted sperm analysis system. A time of 6 h proved to be too short to obtain milt from barbel following hormonal stimulation with Ovaprim and Ovopel. Extending the time to 12 h, however, resulted in 100 % spermiation in males, regardless of hormonal preparation used for stimulation. The stimulation of spermiation in barbel is best performed using Ovopel 12 h upon application. Extending the latency period to 24 h following the application of this preparation results in a significant decrease in the volume of milt obtained, sperm count and motility parameters, including MOT and VCL, which may influence sperm fertilization ability.  相似文献   

Food selection of burbot (Lota lota L.) larvae reared in illuminated net cages in mesotrophic Lake Maróz (north-eastern Poland)     

Grażyna Furgała-Selezniow  Andrzej Skrzypczak  Dariusz Kucharczyk  Roman Kujawa  Andrzej Mamcarz  Daniel Żarski  Katarzyna Targońska 《Aquaculture International》2014,22(1):41-52

Feeding and food selection of burbot (Lota lota L.) larvae reared in illuminated cages were studied. The experiment was carried out in mesotrophic Lake Maróz, in north-eastern Poland, for 6 weeks in two successive years. The initial stocking density was 1,250 larvae (20 DPH) per cage. Food selection according to the zooplankton groups (Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda) and length classes was expressed by the Strauss linear selectivity index (L). Zooplankton species composition in the lake was similar in the two seasons of the study and organisms shorter than 0.5 mm prevailed in the plankton. The mean number of prey found in burbot alimentary tracts increased from about 40 up to over 200 during the course of the study. A very large inter-individual variation in the amount of food organisms consumed by fish was noted. Analysis of the values of the Strauss food selectivity index shows that at the beginning of the first year of the experiment, burbot larvae preferred copepods, most numerous in the environment at that time; later, fish tended to select cladocerans. In the second year of the study, fish more often ate copepods, irrespective of their quantities in the environment. During the whole study, reared burbot larvae did not eat rotifers, even when they were numerous in cages. Similarly to the rotifers, the smallest planktonic organisms, measuring up to 0.5 mm in length, were typically neglected by fish, while the 0.6–1.0 mm group was most frequently selected. There were also considerable individual differences between particular burbot specimens in their food preferences.  相似文献   

Cereal leaf beetles (Oulema spp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) control following various dates of wheat sowing and insecticidal treatments     

Anna Wenda-Piesik  Maciej Kazek  Dariusz Piesik 《国际虫害防治杂志》2018,64(2):157-165

In this paper, we report the sowing date and intensity of chemical control on presence of the cereal leaf beetles (CLB) on spring wheat. The CLB monitoring (Oulema melanopus L. and Oulema gallaeciana Voet.) was conducted in May–June of each year, following the announcement of the IOR-PiB in Poznań (Institute of Plant Protection, National Research Institute), that economic threshold levels in Poland of this pest is observed. For the spring sowing dates between (20 March–20 April) and late autumn sowings (21 November–7 December) larger amounts of CLB adults (1.6–1.1) in comparison to early autumn sowings (25 October–02 November) were noticed (0.4). Following the insecticidal seed treatment with imidacloprid, the occurrence of adults was 0.2–0.7 individual per stem, while the use of fungicidal treatment with triadimenol–imazalil–fuberidazol resulted in average 1.1–2.2 individual per stem. The reduction in the number of larvae per stem was 7–10 fold larger following the foliar application (pirimicarb + dimethoate + cypermethrin) compared to the seed treatment with imidacloprid. The lowest grain yield (3.83 t ha^?1) from the spring crop without any insecticide was obtained. Foliar application with blend of pirimicarb + dimethoate + cypermethrin increased the yield crop by 0.41 t ha^?1 (10.7%) and additionally by 0.78 t ha^?1 (20.4%) to compare to the fungicidal control when imidacloprid was used. Wheat seed treatment with imidacloprid and sowing date in autumn showed to be suitable and economically efficient preventive strategies for controlling the pest population.  相似文献   

Influence of Integrated Membrane Treatment on the Phytotoxicity of Wastewater from the Coke Industry     

Marzena Smol  Dariusz Włóka  Maria Włodarczyk-Makuła 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(5):154

In this paper, coke wastewater that had passed through biological and integrated membrane processes (filtration on sand bed—reverse osmosis) was chosen to assess the phytotoxicity of selected industrial wastewater with regard to the test plant—Vicia faba. An innovative research technique in vitro test was conducted in a large scale phytothrone chamber on two matrices: cotton and Murashige and Skoog Basal Medium (MSBM). The toxicity of wastewater was evaluated for samples: (1) treated in the treatment plant by biological processes, (2) filtrated through a sand bed and filtrated (3) reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. The results showed that there is a noticeable correlation between increasing concentrations of wastewater and seed germination of the test plant. Although the wastewater collected from the coke plant was treated biologically, it showed very high levels of germination inhibition (90–98% for cotton matrix and 92–100% for MSBM matrix) and strong toxic effects. The wastewater collected from the coke plant showed a significantly greater phytotoxic effect compared with those obtained from the effluent treated on a sand bed and in RO. However, wastewater, even after treatment on a sand bed (reduction of COD—39%, TN—46%, TOC—42%, TC—47%, SS—50%, 16PAHs—53%), was still toxic and germination inhibition was in the range of 24–48% for the cotton matrix and 14–54% for the MSBM matrix. The toxicity of wastewater treated in the membrane process was the lowest (reduction of COD—85%, TN—95%, TOC—85%, TC—86%, SS—98%, 16PAHs—67%). The germination inhibition was in the range of 4–10% for the cotton matrix and 2–12% for the MSBM matrix. These samples are classified as non-toxic or slightly toxic to the model plant. The present study highlights the necessity of monitoring not only the basic physical and chemical indicators (including the level of toxic substances as PAHs), but also their effect on the test organisms in wastewater samples.  相似文献