Immunology. The adjuvant effects of antibodies     

Smyth MJ  Kershaw MH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6045):944-945

  相似文献   

Immunology. The elusive NKT cell antigen--is the search over?     

Godfrey DI  Pellicci DG  Smyth MJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5702):1687-1689

  相似文献   

Diffusive flux of cationic micronutrients in two Oxisols as affected by low‐molecular‐weight organic acids and cover‐crop residue     

Rodinei F. Pegoraro  Ivo R. Silva  Roberto F. Novais  Eduardo S. Mendona  Victor Hugo Alvarez  Flancer N. Nunes  Frederico M. Fonseca  Thomas J. Smyth 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2005,168(3):334-340

Low‐molecular‐weight organic acids with one or more carboxylic groups are ubiquitous. In soils, they can originate from leaching of plants, litter decomposition, plant‐roots exudation, and microbial activity. Their presence in the soil may favor the formation of soluble organo‐metallic complexes that improve the transport of Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn to plant‐root surfaces via diffusion. The current study sought to determine if some of the organic acids (OA) in soils and a cover‐crop residue influence the diffusive flux (DF) of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe. Two OA were added to two Oxisols (Typic Haplustox): a clayey Dark Red Latosol (DRL) and a sandy‐loam Red Yellow Latosol (RYL). Acetic and citric acid were added to achieve concentrations of 0, 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 mmol (m³ soil)^–1. The effect of adding plant material (pearl millet) on the soil DF of the cationic micronutrients was also determined. Soil diffusive flux was evaluated by incubating positively charged and negatively charged exchange‐resin membranes with the soil in PVC diffusion chambers for 15 d. Desorption of Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn, and OA from the resins was performed with 0.5 mol l^–1 HCl. The results demonstrated that the DF of the cationic micronutrients increased with the addition of organic acid. The DF of Zn and Mn occurred mostly towards the cationic resin, whereas the diffusive flux of Cu and Fe occurred mostly towards the anionic resin. Apparently, the dissolution of oxides and/or complexation of micronutrients adsorbed to the solid phase or in the soil solution contributed to the obtained results. Citric acid was more efficient than acetic acid in maintaining a larger DF value for Zn, Cu, and Fe. The addition of millet plant material to the soil increased the DF in the following order: Mn > Cu > Fe > Zn; Mn moved towards the cationic resin, and the other micronutrients moved towards the anionic resin. These findings suggest that organic compounds play an important role in the short‐distance transport of cationic micronutrients in highly weathered soils.  相似文献   

Fluoride distribution and dispersion processes about an industrial point source in a forested coastal zone     

M. B. Hocking  D. Hocking  T. A. Smyth 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1980,14(1):133-157

This preliminary survey comprises a collection of fluoride concentration data for air, water, soil, vegetation and marine samples obtained both specifically for this paper, and from the hitherto unpublished results of others, in the vicinity of a large aluminum smelter operating at the head of Kitimat Arm, a typical Canadian west coast fjord with high rainfall. The significance of the fluoride distribution and dispersion processes derived from this data matrix and from special leaching tests using water, dilute acids, and aqueous sodium bicarbonate is considered in the light of prevailing temperature, wind and precipitation patterns with regard to the plant, animal, and marine life of the area. The most recent data available are further related to the time of complete installation of dry scrubber emission control devices to determine how ambient air, water, soil, and vegetation concentrations may be responding to the reduced air and water mass emissions rates.  相似文献   

Expression of afibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase in Potato (Solanum tuberosum)     

John D. Armstrong  G. Douglas Inglis  Lawrence M. Kawchuk  Tim A. McAllister  Fran Leggett  Dermot R. Lynch  L. Brent Selinger  K. J. Cheng 《American Journal of Potato Research》2002,79(1):39-48

The potential development of potato (Solanum tuberosum) as a low-cost eukaryotic system for the production of a commercially valuable enzyme feed supplement was examined. AFibrobacter succinogenes 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase [1,3-1,4-β-D-glucan 4-glucanohydro-lase] gene under the control of the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was transferred into the potato cultivar, Desiree. The presence of the β-glucanase cDNA in the plant genome of independent transgenic potato lines was confirmed by PCR and Southern analysis. Northern analysis identified the presence of the β-glucanase mRNA in the leaf tissue of transgenic plants. Furthermore, western analysis showedF. succinogenes β-glucanase accumulations of 0.1% and 0.05% of total soluble protein in the leaves and tubers, respectively. Specific activities of the enzyme in leaves (1693 units mg^-1 β-glucanase) and tubers (2978 units mg^-1 β-glucanase) were comparable to that previously reported for the enzyme produced in bacteria. Lyophilization of leaves had no effect on the specific activity of the β-glucanase, and only marginally influenced the specific activity of the enzyme expressed in tubers. Relative to the control line (cv. Desiree), tuber yields were significantly reduced by 28%-72% in all lines expressing theF. succinogenes β-glucanase, and microscopy showed that expression of the β-glucanase caused changes in cell wall structure. Results of this study demonstrate that a 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase can be expressed in potato tissues, and that potato plants have the potential to be used for the commercial production of heterologous enzymes.  相似文献   

Modification of a Hassia Potato Harvester to reduce tuber damage     

William H. Mains  Dermot R. Lynch 《American Journal of Potato Research》1984,61(2):107-108

  相似文献   

GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA     

Smyth CH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1897,6(149):691-692

  相似文献   

Cloud-Heights     

Smyth HL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1887,10(233):46-47

  相似文献   

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS IN FOUR DOGS     

Christopher R.  Lamb  MA  VetMB  Robert H.  WRIGLEY  BVSc  MS  DVR  Kenneth W.  Simpson  BVM&S  PhD  Myra Forster  -van Hijfte  DVM  Oliver A.  Garden  BSc  BVetMed  Gibiol  J. Brian A.  Smyth  MVB  MSc  PhD  H. Carolien  Rutgers  DVM  MS  Robert N.  White BSc  BVetMed 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1996,37(2):121-129

Ante mortem diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis was determined ultrasonographically in four dogs. In each dog the thrombus was visible in two-dimensional, grey-scale images of the portal vein obtained through a right intercostal window. Duplex-Doppler measurements and color-Doppler images provided information about the effects of thrombosis on portal blood flow. Reduced portal blood flow compatible with portal hypertension was detected in three dogs. A hypercoagulable state was probably involved in the pathogenesis of portal vein thrombosis in two dogs, one with pancreatitis and gastrointestinal blood loss and another with protein-losing nephropathy and probable immune-mediated anemia. The third dog had chronic ehrlichiosis; thrombosis was probably secondary to vasculitis. The remaining dog had thrombosis secondary to invasion of the portal vein by a recurrent duodenal neoplasm. This dog was euthanized because the tumor was considered inoperable. The dog with pancreatitis developed acute portal hypertension due to obstruction of the portal vein by the thrombus and was euthanized. The dogs with protein-losing nephropathy and ehrlichiosis were treated medically and recovered. Although portal vein thrombosis is uncommon, this complication should be considered in dogs with a variety of abdominal or systemic disorders. Ultrasonography is a practical method for diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis and detection of the underlying cause.  相似文献   

A major QTL for common bacterial blight resistance derives from the common bean great northern landrace cultivar Montana No.5     

Phillip N. Miklas  Dermot P. Coyne  Kenneth F. Grafton  Nedim Mutlu  Jim Reiser  Dale T. Lindgren  Shree P. Singh 《Euphytica》2003,131(1):137-146

Knowledge of the evolutionary origin and sources of pest resistance genes will facilitate gene deployment and development of crop cultivars with durable resistance. Our objective was to determine the source of common bacterial blight (CBB) resistance in the common bean Great Northern Nebraska #1 (GN#1) and GN#1 Selection 27 (GN#1 Sel 27). Several great northern cultivars including GN#1, GN#1 Sel 27, and Montana No.5 (the female parent of the common x tepary bean interspecific population from which GN #1 and GN # 1 Sel 27 were derived) and known susceptible checks were evaluated for CBB reaction in field and greenhouse environments. These genotypes and CBB resistant and susceptible tepary bean including Tepary #4, the male parent and presumed contributor of CBB resistance toGN#1 and GN#1 Sel 27, were assayed for presence or absence of three SCAR markers tightly linked with independent QTLs conditioning CBB resistance. The parents and F₂ of Montana No. 5/GN #1 Sel 27 and Montana No.5/Othello(CBB susceptible) were screened for CBB reaction and SCAR markers. CBB resistance in Montana No.5 was comparable to that of GN#1 and GN#1 Sel27. The SAP6 SCAR marker present in GN#1 and GN#1 Sel 27 was also present in Montana No.5, and it co-segregated (R ² =35%) with the CBB resistance in the Montana No.5/Othello F₂ population. Although a few CBB resistant and susceptible transgressive segregants were found in the F₂ of MontanaNo.5/GN #1 Sel 27 and later confirmed by F₃ progeny tests, SAP6 SCAR marker was present in all progenies. None of the tepary bean specific CBB resistance-linked SCAR markers were present in GN#1, GN#1 Sel 27, or Montana No.5. A cluster analysis of 169 polymorphic PCR-based markers across three common bean and Tepary #4 indicated that GN#1, GN#1 Sel 27, and Montana No.5 were closely related, and not related at all with Tepary #4.Thus, these results clearly indicate Montana No.5, not Tepary #4, as the source of CBB resistance in GN#1 and GN#1 Sel 27. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献