Bovine mononuclear phagocytic cells: identification by monoclonal antibodies and analysis of functional properties   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J A Ellis  W I Morrison  B M Goddeeris  D L Emery 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1987,17(1-4):125-134

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) which react with bovine monocytes have been produced. These include three mAb (P8, IL-A22 and IL-A24) that recognize the majority of monocytes and granulocytes in peripheral blood; two of these mAb were also shown to react with 30-40% of cells in bone marrow, including both monocytic and granulocytic cells, and with variable percentages of tissue macrophages. Thus these mAb can act as markers for myeloid cells in haemopoietic tissues and for monocytes in cell populations devoid of granulocytes. A further two mAb (IL-A23 and IL-A25) recognize monocytes and/or macrophages. The reactivity of one of these mAb (IL-A25) appears to be mainly restricted to pulmonary macrophages. The other mAb reacts with a variable proportion of blood monocytes and generally with a higher percentage of tissue macrophages, suggesting that its expression may relate to activation or maturation of monocytes. In order to study the functional properties of peripheral blood monocytes, techniques were developed for obtaining populations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) depleted of monocytes to less than 0.2% and monocyte populations of greater than 97% purity. Removal of monocytes from PBM abrogated the capacity of the cells to proliferate in response to Con A and PBS, although addition of 2-mercaptoethanol to the cultures restored proliferation. In both allogeneic and autologous mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC), monocytes were required in the stimulator cell populations for induction of the proliferative responses, and both responses could be elicited with purified monocytes. However, proliferation in the autologous MLC occurred only with responder cell populations that were depleted of monocytes. Moreover, it was shown that addition of more than 5% unirradiated monocytes to the autologous MLC suppressed proliferation. These findings indicate that monocytes play an important role in the induction and regulation of cellular immune responses in cattle. Two of the mAb that react with monocytes and granulocytes were tested for their capacity to inhibit proliferative responses of PBM to mitogens, alloantigens or the soluble antigen, KLH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)  相似文献   

Ruminant heat stress: effect on production and means of alleviation   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

S R Morrison 《Journal of animal science》1983,57(6):1594-1600

A review of the literature indicates heat stress generally causes lower milk production, decreased growth rate for cattle and lambs, but little effect on wool production. Breed and diet affects the degree of adverse response. Heat stress is caused primarily by high air temperature, but can be intensified by high humidity, thermal radiation and low air movement. Improving performance of animals under warm conditions involves breeding and management and modifying the environment. The former includes selection for heat tolerance, use of crossbred animals, diets with low heat increment in relation to energy for production and control of diseases and parasites. Environmental modifications may include provision of shades, use of water for evaporative cooling and increased air movement.  相似文献   

Evaluation of probiotics as a substitute for antibiotics in a large pig nursery   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Kritas SK  Morrison RB 《The Veterinary record》2005,156(14):447-448

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Effects of short-term feed deprivation and melatonin implants on circadian patterns of leptin in the horse     

Buff PR  Morrison CD  Ganjam VK  Keisler DH 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(5):1023-1032

Leptin is a protein hormone produced by adipose tissue that influences hypothalamic mechanisms regulating appetite and energy balance. In species tested thus far, including horses, concentrations of leptin increase as animal fat mass increases. The variables and mechanisms that influence the secretion of leptin are not well known, nor is it known in equine species how the secretion of leptin is influenced by acute alterations in energy balance, circadian patterns, and/or reproductive competence. Our objectives were to determine in horses: 1) whether plasma concentrations of leptin are secreted in a circadian and/or a pulsatile pattern; 2) whether a 48-h period of feed restriction would alter plasma concentrations of leptin, growth hormone, or insulin; and 3) whether ovariectomy and/or a melatonin implant would affect leptin. In Exp. 1, mares exposed to ambient photoperiod of visible light (11 h, 33 min to 11 h, 38 min), received treatments consisting of a 48-h feed restriction (RES) or 48 h of alfalfa hay fed ad libitum (FED). Mares were maintained in a dry lot before sampling and were tethered to a rail during sampling. Analyses revealed that leptin was not secreted in a pulsatile manner, and that mean leptin concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) in FED vs. RES mares (17.20 +/- 0.41 vs. 7.29 +/- 0.41 ng/mL). Plasma growth hormone was pulsatile, and mean concentrations were greater in RES than FED mares (2.15 +/- 0.31 vs. 1.08 +/- 0.31 ng/mL; P = 0.05). Circadian patterns of leptin secretion were observed, but only in FED mares (15.39 +/- 0.58 ng/mL for morning vs. 19.00 +/- 0.58 ng/mL for evening; P < 0.001). In Exp. 2, mares that were ovariectomized or intact received either a s.c. melatonin implant or a sham implant. Thereafter, blood was sampled at weekly intervals at 1000 and 1700. Concentrations of leptin in samples collected at 1700 were greater (P < 0.001) than in those collected at 1000 (28.24 +/- 1.7 vs. 22.07 +/- 1.7 ng/mL). Neither ovariectomy nor chronic treatment with melatonin affected plasma concentrations of leptin or the circadian pattern of secretion. These data provide evidence that plasma leptin concentrations in the equine are sensitive to acute changes in nutritional status and vary in a circadian pattern that is sensitive to fasting but not to melatonin treatment or ovariectomy.  相似文献   

Use of a continuous, local infusion of bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing total ear canal ablation     

Radlinsky MG  Mason DE  Roush JK  Pineda R 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,227(3):414-419

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether addition of a continuous, local infusion of bupivacaine would improve postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing total ear canal ablation. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 16 dogs undergoing total ear canal ablation (12 unilaterally and 4 bilaterally with > 1 month between procedures). PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly allocated to receive morphine (0.25 mg/kg [0.11 mg/lb]) at the end of the procedure (10 procedures) or morphine and a continuous, local infusion of bupivacaine (0.13 to 0.21 mg/kg/h [0.06 to 0.1 mg/lb/h]; 10 procedures). Dogs were observed for 48 hours after surgery. Additional doses of morphine were administered up to every 4 hours in dogs with signs of severe pain. RESULTS: Temperament, sedation, analgesia, and cumulative pain scores were not significantly different between groups any time after surgery. Recovery score was significantly higher for dogs that received bupivacaine than for control dogs 2 hours after extubation but not at any other time. Serum cortisol concentration was not significantly different between groups at any time but, in both groups, was significantly increased at the time of extubation, compared with all other observation times. Total number of additional doses of morphine administered was not significantly different between groups. Bupivacaine was not detected in the plasma of any of the dogs that received the local bupivacaine infusion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that addition of a continuous, local infusion of bupivacaine did not significantly increase the degree of postoperative analgesia in dogs that underwent total ear canal ablation and were given morphine at the end of surgery.  相似文献   

Myokymia and neuromyotonia in a cat     

Galano HR  Olby NJ  Howard JF  Shelton GD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2005,227(10):1608-12, 1591

A 6-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was examined because of a 2-week history of rhythmic muscle movements. Physical examination revealed thoracic limb rigidity, contracture of the carpi, generalized muscle atrophy, and rhythmic rippling of the muscles of all 4 limbs. Results of a CBC and serum biochemistry profile were unremarkable other than high creatine kinase activity. Electromyography revealed unique high-frequency discharges, including rhythmic bursts of single motor unit potentials appearing as doublets (myokymia) and more prolonged bursts of nonrhythmic motor unit potentials with characteristic waning amplitudes (neuromyotonia). Histologic examination of muscle biopsy specimens revealed noninflammatory necrotizing myopathy with regeneration. The cat did not respond to treatment with carbamazepine or prednisone but improved rapidly after treatment with phenytoin was initiated. Six months after initial examination, electromyography revealed a substantial decrease in the amount of spontaneous activity in previously affected muscles. However, the myokymic and neuromyotonic discharges were still present, albeit with a substantial decrease in frequency.  相似文献   

Primary orthostatic tremor in Great Danes     

Garosi LS  Rossmeisl JH  de Lahunta A  Shelton GD  Lennox G 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2005,19(4):606-609

Two Great Danes were presented for an investigation of 6-month histories of incessant tremor of all 4 limbs and trunk occurring only when the dogs were standing at rest. Dog 1 was a 2-year-old intact female harlequin Great Dane living in the UK, and dog 2 was a 2-year-old castrated male fawn Great Dane living in the United States. The owners described both dogs as having constant quivering of the limbs while standing, suggestive of an involuntary dance, since the age of 18 months. The intensity of the tremors was reported in both dogs to have steadily increased since onset. In dog 1, tremors were noticed to be more pronounced in the fore limbs when she was eating and more pronounced in the hind limbs when she was trying to sit. The owner of dog 1 also reported that the dog could no longer assume a position of recumbency without manual assistance because of the severity of the tremors. Intermittently, tremors were reported to involve the facial musculature of dog 2. Vaccinations were current, and the owners of both dogs did not report any previous medical history, exposure to natural or manufactured toxins, or concurrent treatment. No familial relationship was identified between these 2 dogs.  相似文献   

A real-time PCR assay to detect the Panton Valentine Leukocidin toxin in staphylococci: screening Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies coagulans strains from companion animals     

Roberts S  O'Shea K  Morris D  Robb A  Morrison D  Rankin S 《Veterinary microbiology》2005,107(1-2):139-144

Recent reports suggest that methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus schleiferi subspecies coagulans are now commonly isolated from dogs. Given the association of a potentially mobile SCCmec type IV element with lysogenic phage-encoded Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) toxin genes in community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains we hypothesized that methicillin-resistant S. schleiferi ssp. coagulans strains may also encode PVL toxin genes. Forty S. schleiferi ssp. coagulans strains isolated from companion animals were studied. Susceptibility to oxacillin was determined by broth microdilution and all isolates were screened by PCR for the presence of the mecA gene. SCCmec typing was performed on 14 isolates. A real-time PCR assay was developed for the detection of the PVL genes using a SmartCycler. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed to determine whether S. schleiferi ssp. coagulans strains were homogeneous. Twenty-eight of the 40 isolates (70%) were resistant to oxacillin and 26/28 possessed the mecA gene by PCR. SCCmec IV was identified in seven strains; the other seven isolates were not typable by this technique. All 40 strains were negative for the PVL toxin gene. PFGE showed a heterogeneous population and 13 different profiles were determined. In conclusion, this study showed that PVL toxin genes were not detected in a heterogeneous population of methicillin-resistant S. schleiferi ssp. coagulans strains isolated from companion animals.  相似文献   

Myasthenia gravis and hypothyroidism in a dog with meningomyelitis     

Levine JM  Bergman RL  Coates JR  Shelton GD 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2005,41(4):247-251

A 12-year-old, spayed female miniature poodle was evaluated because of a 4-day history of paraparesis, dysuria, and tenesmus. Neurological assessment suggested peripheral nervous system dysfunction, predominantly pelvic limb weakness with a possible concurrent sixth lumbar (L(6)) to second sacral (S(2)) myelopathy. Further studies supported the diagnoses of myasthenia gravis, hypothyroidism, and meningomyelitis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of concurrent myasthenia gravis and meningomyelitis in the dog. It was unclear whether the identified conditions evolved from a shared etiopathogenesis or were merely coincidental.  相似文献   

Outcomes of dogs presented for cataract evaluation: a retrospective study   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Adkins EA  Hendrix DV 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2005,41(4):235-240

Two hundred and forty-four dogs were evaluated for cataracts at the University of Tennessee from January 2001 to December 2002. Fifty-four canine breeds were affected. Odds ratios for cataracts were significantly higher for six purebred dogs (including the cocker spaniel, miniature schnauzer, toy poodle, Boston terrier, miniature poodle, and bichon frise) compared with mixed-breed dogs. One hundred fifty-nine dogs did not have cataract surgery. The most common reason for dogs not having surgery was retinal degeneration (n=66).  相似文献