Prevalence of contagious mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk in Prince Edward Island     

Olde Riekerink RG  Barkema HW  Veenstra S  Poole DE  Dingwell RT  Keefe GP 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2006,47(6):567-572

The purpose of this study was to 1) estimate the herd prevalence of contagious mastitis pathogens in bulk milk from Prince Edward Island (PEI) dairy farms, 2) determine the association between bulk milk culture results and mean bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC), and 3) investigate the agreement of repeated bulk milk cultures. Three consecutive bulk milk samples were obtained at weekly intervals from all 258 PEI dairy herds and were cultured using routine laboratory methods. Cumulative prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Mycoplasma spp. (M. bovis and M. alkalescens) was 74%, 1.6%, and 1.9%, respectively. Bulk milk somatic cell count of Staph. aureus-positive herds was higher than that of negative herds. Agreement for Staph. aureus isolation between 3 consecutive tests was moderate (kappa = 0.46). Mycoplasma bovis and M. alkalescens in bulk milk are being reported for the 1st time in PEI ever and in Canada since 1972.  相似文献   

Deltamethrin-impregnated collars for the control of canine leishmaniasis: evaluation of the protective effect and influence on the clinical outcome of Leishmania infection in kennelled stray dogs     

Foglia Manzillo V  Oliva G  Pagano A  Manna L  Maroli M  Gradoni L 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,142(1-2):142-145

A 2-year field study on kennelled stray dogs living in a highly endemic area of leishmaniasis was designed to evaluate whether deltamethrin-impregnated collars (Scalibor) Protector Band) could confer protection against leishmaniasis in this peculiar setting, and to assess differences in clinical outcomes between collared and uncollared dogs. A cohort of 120 clinically healthy and Leishmania-seronegative dogs was enrolled, 50% of which were collared before the 2003 transmission season, and then re-collared before the subsequent season. Collared and uncollared animals were allowed to live with infected dogs in same groups within the kennel. Follow-up included serological (IFAT) assessment twice a year with parasitological Leishmania confirmation, and clinical evaluation performed every 3 months on seroconverted dogs from both groups. Collar losses during the two seasons were high (35%). About 50% of enrolled dogs were lost at follow-up because of death or they were moved to other locations. After the 2003 season, cross-sectional serological examinations tested positive in 5 out of 44 collared animals (11.4%) and in 14 out of 34 controls (41.2%), with 72.3% estimated protection (P<0.005). After the 2004 season, 7/31 seronegative collared dogs seroconverted (22.6%) compared with 7/17 seronegative controls (41.2%), with 45.1% protection (P=0.15). At the end of the study, the cumulative rate of protection was 50.8% (P=0.005). At the clinical evaluation of 21 seroconverted dogs from both groups, canine leishmaniasis signs were significantly more frequent (90% versus 36%, P=0.017) and rapidly progressive in uncollared than in collared dogs. Reasons for such partial clinical protection in collared dogs may be found in the vector anti-feeding effect of protector bands, resulting in a lower number of infectious bites and, probably, in the reduction of antigenic stimuli necessary to shift toward a non-protective immune response.  相似文献   

Eppendorf 2006 winner. A dedicated system for processing faces     

Tsao D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5796):72-73

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Modulation of key elements of the Wnt pathway by apple polyphenols     

Kern M  Pahlke G  Ngiewih Y  Marko D 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(19):7041-7046

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A rebuttal to the letter to the editor concerning ‘Defining species boundaries in the genus Phytophthora: the case of Phytophthora andina’     

G. A. Forbes  J. B. Ristaino  R. F. Oliva  W. Flier 《Plant pathology》2012,61(2):221-223

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Sex-specific adaptation drives early sex chromosome evolution in Drosophila     

Q Zhou  D Bachtrog 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6092):341-345

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A Gis-Supported Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Relationships Among Stream Water Chemistry, Geology and Land Use in Baden-Württemberg, Germany   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xudong Xie  Stefan Norra  Zsolt Berner  Doris Stüben 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2005,167(1-4):39-57

The present study was carried out to analyse and identify relationships among stream water chemistry, land use, and geology in Baden-Württemberg, a federal state in the south-west of Germany. The investigation is based on data from 88 monitoring stations, which cover almost the whole area of Baden-Württemberg. The database on water chemistry includes 21 parameters such as major cations, anions, heavy metals, dissolved organic carbon, pH, acid neutralization capacity, and conductivity. The study area is classified into 16 different land use categories and 12 types of geological formations. Using multivariate statistical methods (factor analysis), the relationships among different parameters were revealed by identifying ten uncorrelated factors. The data analysis indicates a complex interaction among stream water chemistry, lithologic composition of the geological formations, and land use type, with an intricate fingerprintings of the different parameters. The most important factors in terms of the represented variance are the main mineralization of the stream water (due to interaction with the geological underground) and anthropogenic nutrients introduced by different agricultural activities. Based on the results of factor analysis (factor score), the stream water chemistry is regionalized using a Geographic Information System (ArcView).  相似文献   

Hot water dipping of olives (Olea europaea) for virgin oil debittering     

García JM  Yousfi K  Oliva J  García-Diaz MT  Pérez-Camino MC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(21):8248-8252

Olives (Olea europaea L.) of the Manzanilla, Picual, and Verdial varieties harvested at the green mature stage of ripening were dipped in hot water at a range of temperatures between 60 and 72 degrees C for 3 min. Immediately after treatment, oils were physically extracted from the olives. Olive heating promotes a reduction of oil bitterness in direct relationship to the temperature used. Fruit heating at > or =60 degrees C for 3 min did not cause significant changes in acidity, UV absorption, peroxide index, and panel test score of the oils obtained but decreased its oxidative stability. Oils extracted from heated fruit showed higher concentrations of chlorophylls and carotenes and lower total phenol content.  相似文献   

Micromorphological and anatomical alterations caused by simulated acid rain in Restinga plants: Eugenia uniflora and Clusia hilariana     

Luzimar C. Da Silva  Marco A. Oliva  Aristéa A. Azevedo  João M. Araújo  Rosane M. Aguiar 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2005,168(1-4):129-143

Eugenia uniflora and Clusia hilariana seedlings were submitted to simulated acid rain, pH 3, for 40 days. The degree of visible injury and the anatomical and micromorphological alterations were determined 24 hours after the last simulation. E. uniflora presented a higher degree of leaf necrosis. The adaxial epidermis and part of the palisade parenchyma of the entire leaf blade were affected and hypertrophy, hyperplasia and cicatrization tissue differentiation occurred. Erosion and morphological modification of the epicuticular wax and alterations in the epidermis were detected on the upper and lower leaf surfaces. Stomata with deformed ostioles and rupture of the stomatal ledge were observed. C. hilariana presented necrosis in leaf margin and in abaxial leaf surface, showing collapsed cells or with plasmolized aspect, cicatrization tissue, epicuticular wax alterations, occasional leaf perforations, irregular arrangement of adaxial epidermis cells and twisted subsidiary cells. The structural alterations indicated a greater susceptibility of E. uniflora to acid rain. he lower sensibility of C. hilariana can be related with the anatomical characteristics as: thick cuticle with evident cuticular flanges, three layers of hypodermis and mesophyll more thick and compact.  相似文献   

Phytotoxins from the leaves of Ruta graveolens     

Hale AL  Meepagala KM  Oliva A  Aliotta G  Duke SO 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(11):3345-3349

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract of Ruta graveolens (common rue) leaves led to the isolation of the furanocoumarins 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP), 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), and the quinolone alkaloid graveoline as phytotoxic constituents. Graveoline and 8-MOP substantially inhibited growth of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seedlings and reduced chlorophyll content at 100 microM; this effect was not due to a direct effect on chlorophyll synthesis. Radical growth of L. sativa was inhibited by 10 microM 8-MOP. Graveoline inhibited growth of Lemna paucicostata (duckweed) at 100 microM. This is the first report of the phytotoxic activity of graveoline. Growth of Agrostis stolonifera (bentgrass) was inhibited by 5-MOP at 30 microM. All three compounds substantially reduced cell division in Allium cepa (onion) at or below 100 microM. None of the compounds caused significant cellular leakage of Cucumis sativus (cucumber) cotyledon disks at 100 microM. All three compounds inhibit plant growth, at least partially through inhibition of cell division.  相似文献