Circulatory and ionoregulatory effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) fed normal or high levels of dietary salt     

F. B. Eddy  N. F. Smith  N. Hazon  C. Grierson 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1990,8(4):321-327

Rainbow trout fed a normal salt diet (1.3% NaCl) or a high salt diet (12% NaCl for at least 6 months) were chronically cannulated in the dorsal aorta and received 10 μg kg⁻¹ ANP (1–28 human, UBC-Bioproducts) infused over a 10 min period. This had an insignificant influence on sodium balance, blood electrolytes and branchial sodium fluxes. In fish given a normal diet, the blood pressure and heart rate were uninfluenced by ANP, but pulse pressure was reduced by on average 60% and in some cases was not evident at all. Blood pressure in the fish fed a high salt diet was significantly higher than in the control fish; this together with heart rate and pulse pressure was not affected by ANP administration.  相似文献   

Development of preliminary economic thresholds for an integrated pest management system for soybeans in Java     

Gregory C. Luther  Soeprapto Mangoendihardjo  Miguel A. Altieri  Eddy Mahrub 《国际虫害防治杂志》2013,59(3):166-175

Abstract

Two field trials were conducted for the purposes of comparing various soybean pest management schemes and setting preliminary economic thresholds that could be used by farmers as part of an integrated pest management (IPM) programme. Both trials tested the same four treatments: (1) a pest management scheme that followed the type of plan that many farmers in Java use, (2) and (3) two schemes utilizing different economic thresholds set by researchers, and (4) an untreated control. The pest management schemes are compared regarding various aspects, including yield and profitability. In both trials the plans did not differ significantly in profitability; however, in each trial the same threshold scheme had the highest mean values for both yield and profitability. Therefore, a pest control system based on this threshold scheme is recommended, with some refinements in certain threshold levels for specific pest guilds where the trials show refinements to be appropriate. It is advised that farmers use the threshold levels recommended here as starting points, and then make adjustments according to the soybean variety used, abundance of natural enemies present, economic factors, etc.  相似文献   

The Role of Thermography in the Management of Equine Lameness     

A.L Eddy  L.M Van Hoogmoed  J.R Snyder   《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2001,162(3):172-181

Equine thermography has increased in popularity recently because of improvements in thermal cameras and advances in image-processing software. The basic principle of thermography involves the transformation of surface heat from an object into a pictorial representation. The colour gradients generated reflect differences in the emitted heat. Variations from normal can be used to detect lameness or regions of inflammation in horses. Units can be so sensitive that flexor tendon injuries can be detected before the horse develops clinical lameness. Thermography has been used to evaluate several different clinical syndromes not only in the diagnosis of inflammation but also to monitor the progression of healing. Thermography has important applications in research for the detection of illegal performance-enhancing procedures at athletic events.  相似文献   

The isolation of infectious bursal disease virus from turkeys in England   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

N J Chettle  R K Eddy  P J Wyeth 《The British veterinary journal》1985,141(2):141-145

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Oestrus prediction in dairy cows using an ELISA progesterone test   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R G Eddy  P J Clark 《The Veterinary record》1987,120(2):31-34

The commercially available test kit for assaying milk progesterone was used in the practice laboratory on samples taken daily from cows 17 to 24 days after service. Improved oestrus detection rates and accuracy were achieved by predicting the onset of oestrus. Similar results were obtained by sampling on days 18, 20, 22 and 24 or on days 19, 21 and 23 after service. Calving to conception intervals improved from 115 to 84 days in one herd and from 85 to 74 days in another and the potential economic benefits in these two herds outweighed the costs by 7.4:1 and 3.4:1, respectively.  相似文献   

An economic assessment of twin births in British dairy herds.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

R G Eddy  O Davies  C David 《The Veterinary record》1991,129(24):526-529

The effect of twinning on the subsequent health, production and reproductive performance of dairy cattle was studied by analysing the data derived from 19,755 calvings which occurred during three years on 37 farms. The data formed part of the database of a veterinary practice operating the DAISY dairy cow recording scheme for its dairy farmer clients. The average twinning rate was 2.5 per cent. For first calf heifers the rate was 0.9 per cent, and the rate increased with increasing parity to over 5 per cent for cows calving for their sixth and subsequent lactations. Although they produced more milk than their contemporaries, twin-bearing cows suffered an increased incidence of retained placenta and vulval discharges and their calving to conception interval was extended by 33 days. Furthermore, 35 per cent of these cows were culled compared with 21 per cent of their contemporaries. The benefit of having more calves for sale was reduced owing to 15 per cent of them being born dead. It is calculated that producing twins resulted in an average loss of income of 74 pounds/cow, a deficit of 15 per cent compared with cows having single calves.  相似文献   

A stochastic simulation model for evaluating forage machinery performance     

Noel P. Russell  Robert A. Milligan  Eddy L. LaDue 《Agricultural Systems》1983,10(1):39-63

The selection of machinery on a dairy farm is the focus of the study. A simulation model is constructed that evaluates alternative forage machinery complements on New York State dairy farms. Attention is focussed on the machinery use, forage crop production and concentrate purchase. The key measure of performance is the total cost of acquiring feed for the dairy herd. The total cost includes the machinery investment and operating costs and the cost of feeds required to supplement that produced on the farm.The simulation model, written in Fortran, utilises a daily timestep. Each day the feasibility of machinery operation is determined, machinery operations are scheduled and the end of day status is determined.  相似文献   

Effect of a nitric oxide releasing compound isosorbide dinitrate on development and cardiovascular physiology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

F.B. Eddy  L. McGovern  J.C. McGeer 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1999,21(2):167-171

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) eggs and alevins were exposed for up to 4 weeks to the nitricoxide (NO) donor isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) at concentrations up to 100 mol l^–1. Hatching success was over 95%, but increasing concentrations of ISDN significantly delayed hatching, without significant affects on survival. Alevins exposed to ISDN concentrations of 50 or 100 mol l^–1 showed significant cardiovascular and developmental changes compared to unexposed alevins. These included lowered heart rate and ventilation rate, doubling of cardiac output, dilation of the vitelline vein and increased in alevin weight. The results indicate a vasodilatory role of NO in trout alevins, and their cardiovascular responses to NO, with reference to the role of the vitelline vein, are discussed.  相似文献   

Liver damage in brown trout, Salmo trutta L., and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), following administration of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin microcystin-LR via the dorsal aorta     

N R Bury  J C McGeer  F B Eddy  & G A Codd 《Journal of fish diseases》1997,20(3):209-215

Purified microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was administered via the dorsal aorta to brown trout, Salmo trutta L., or rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and, within 24 h, a dose of 300 μ g MC-LR kg^–1 caused increased activities in the blood by enzymes originating mainly from the liver, i.e. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alanine transaminase (ALT). A dose of 75 μ g MC-LR kg^–1 significantly increased liver enzyme activities in the blood of brown trout at 24 h, but was without effect on rainbow trout, whereas 25 μ g MC-LR kg^–1 had no effect on blood LDH or ALT activities in either species. However, histopathological analysis of liver from both species following administration of the lowest toxin dose showed hepatocyte swelling and necrosis. Liver damage was more severe in brown trout compared to rainbow trout following administration of 300 μ g MC-LR kg^–1, showing disruption of the parenchymal architecture. After 48 h, there was a dose-dependent increase in the hepatosomatic index in both species. It is concluded that brown trout are less tolerant to MC-LR than rainbow trout.  相似文献   

Common dolphins in the Gulf of Corinth are Critically Endangered     

Nina Luisa Santostasi  Silvia Bonizzoni  Olivier Gimenez  Lavinia Eddy  Giovanni Bearzi 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2021,31(Z1):101-109

1. Regional populations (“subpopulations”) of globally abundant species can be exposed to human impacts that threaten their viability. Given the value of cetacean subpopulations as evolutionary significant units, keystone and umbrella species, it is important to assess their conservation status separately and propose area-specific conservation measures.
2. We used a threat assessment process and applied IUCN Red List criteria to a regional population of common dolphins Delphinus delphis in the semi-enclosed Gulf of Corinth, Greece. We compiled subpopulation-specific information about abundance and trends, estimated the geographic range of the subpopulation (area of occupancy and extent of occurrence), and calculated the probability of extinction through stochastic modelling.
3. The subpopulation qualified as Endangered according to criteria A (population size reduction over three generations) and B (geographic range), and as Critically Endangered under criteria C (population size and decline) and D (very small or restricted population). The probability of extinction was estimated to be ≥50% in three generations, qualifying the subpopulation as Critically Endangered under criterion E (quantitative analysis). We concluded that the subpopulation should be classified as Critically Endangered.
4. Considering the high extinction risk faced by common dolphins in the Gulf of Corinth, we recommend that: (a) immediate action is taken to mitigate anthropogenic activities known or suspected to have a negative impact on cetaceans in the area (particularly commercial fishing); and (b) a marine protected area is established in the Gulf of Corinth as a management tool for enforcing conservation action and facilitating the recovery of common dolphins.

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