Three strategic feeding during hatchering of Nile tilapia: effects on organs integrity,parasitism and performance parameters     

José Dias-Neto  Gustavo Moraes Ramos Valladão  Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Viadanna  Fabiana Pilarski 《International Aquatic Research》2016,8(1):37-48

The effect of natural feed, artificial feed, and artificial feed with hormone 17 alpha-methyltestosterone on gill and liver integrity, parasite prevalence and performance parameters during the masculinization phase of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were evaluated. The experiment consisted of the three feeding strategies in triplicate. Water parameters, histopathological, parasitological and performance analyses were performed on day 7, 14, 28 and 60. Both artificial feeds (with and without hormone) were harmful to the hepatic and branchial integrity. The most significant change in liver was lipid degeneration, while in gills a significantly higher lamellar edema was observed when compared to fish that received the natural feed. Fish fed with the artificial diet (with and without hormone) showed a high prevalence (p < 0.05) of trichodinids and Cryptobia, while fish that received natural feed showed no parasites after 28 days of study. Fries that received diet with hormone experienced damage to their health, which decreased the survival of this group. The anabolic effect of this molecule, however, improved significantly (p < 0.05) their productive performance. Despite the absence of deleterious effects to fish health, the use of natural feed has a high risk of introducing predators. Introduction of odonate larvae drastically affected the survival of this group at the end of the study. All feeding strategies investigated have positive and negative effects that were discussed in the present study.  相似文献   

Soil pollution by nonylphenol and nonylphenol ethoxylates and their effects to plants and invertebrates   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Xavier Domene  Wilson Ramírez  Laura Solà  Josep M. Alcañiz  Pilar Andrés 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2009,9(6):555-567

Background, aim, and scope  

Nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) are a widely used class of nonionic surfactants known to be toxic and endocrine-disrupting contaminants. Their use and production have been banned in the European Union and substituted by other surfactants considered as environmentally safer. However, their use continues in many countries without any legal control. Discharges of effluents from wastewater treatment plants and the application of sewage sludge application, landfilling, and accidental spillage to soils are the major sources of NPEOs in the environment. The biodegradation of these surfactants is relatively easy, leading to the accumulation of the simplest chemical forms of nonylphenol ethoxylates (NP, NP1EO, and NP2EO) and nonylphenol carboxy acids (NP2EC or NP1EC). However, these are also the most toxic end-products and have a higher environmental persistence. Compared to aquatic ecosystems, not much is known about the effects of NPEOs in terrestrial organisms, with few studies mainly centered on the effects on plants and soil microorganisms. The main aim of this study is to provide the range of concentrations of NPEOs with ecotoxicological effects on different plants and soil invertebrate species. In addition, we aim to identify the main soil properties influencing their toxicity.  相似文献   

Biological control of botrytis bunch rot in organic wine grapes with the yeast antagonist Candida sake CPA‐1     

C. Calvo‐Garrido  P. A. G. Elmer  I. Viñas  J. Usall  E. Bartra  N. Teixidó 《Plant pathology》2013,62(3):510-519

The aim of this research was to confirm the efficacy of the yeast antagonist Candida sake CPA‐1 in suppressing botrytis bunch rot development, in an organic vineyard under Mediterranean conditions for two seasons, and compare its performance with that of two biologically based products currently registered for botrytis bunch rot control in New Zealand. In 2009, treatments applied were: commercial formulations of Ulocladium oudemansii (BOTRY‐Zen^®) and chitosan (ARMOUR‐Zen^®), C. sake CPA‐1 combined with the fatty acid‐based additive Fungicover^® and combinations of these products. All treatments were applied six times between early flowering and harvest and compared with an unsprayed control. In 2010, the treatments focused on C. sake and Fungicover and the number of applications was reduced from six to four. The population dynamics of U. oudemansii and C. sake were measured and wine quality tests were carried out in both seasons. Disease control achieved by C. sake treatments in 2009 were comparable to those achieved by BOTRY‐Zen and ARMOUR‐Zen. Applications of C. sake plus Fungicover between flowering and harvest significantly (P < 0·05) reduced botrytis bunch rot incidence and severity by 64% and 90%, respectively, compared with the untreated control in 2009, and by 67% and 89%, respectively, in 2010. Treatments did not adversely affect wine quality parameters after treated grapes were processed. Candida sake consistently provided effective control of botrytis bunch rot in grapes under different meteorological and disease pressure conditions, thereby improving its potential for future commercial applications.  相似文献   

Characterization of Phytophthora infestans populations of southern Brazil in 2004 and 2005     

Flávio Martins Santana  Cesar Bauer Gomes  Cesar Rombaldi  Valmor João Bianchi  Ailton Reis 《Phytoparasitica》2013,41(5):557-568

The populations of Phytophthora infestans (Pi) in southern Brazil in 2004 and 2005 are characterized herein. The isolates were collected from potato and tomato plants in the states of Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC), and Rio Grande do Sul (RS). The mating type of 131 potato and 32 tomato isolates was determined. Forty-nine isolates from potatoes and 11 from tomatoes were analyzed for their Gpi phenotype. A subset of 35 isolates was evaluated for mitochondrial (mtDNA) polymorphisms. A sample of 146 isolates was tested for sensitivity to the fungicide metalaxyl, and most isolates (64%) were moderately sensitive. Fifty-nine isolates were classified as A1 mating type and 103 as A2. One isolate behaved as both A1 and A2 mating type. All tomato isolates were A1 mating type and presented the 86/100 pattern for the enzyme GPI and mtDNA Ib, indicating that these isolates belong to the US-1 clonal lineage. Of the 131 potato isolates, 103 were A2, 27 were A1 and one was A1/A2 mating type. Among the potato isolates 27 exhibited the Gpi phenotype 100/100, the same as BR-1, and 20 were 86/100, the same as US-1. Potato isolates presented the mitochondrial haplotypes Ia (74%) and IIa (26%). The data suggest the presence of only the BR-1 clonal lineage on potatoes in the states of PR and SC. However, in the state of RS, more than one clonal lineage was observed infecting potatoes, and there may be sexual reproduction between the lineages.  相似文献   

Land-use and land-cover change processes in the Upper Uruguay Basin: linking environmental and socioeconomic variables   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

de Freitas  Marcos Wellausen Dias  Santos  João Roberto dos  Alves  Diógenes Salas 《Landscape Ecology》2013,28(2):311-327

Landscape Ecology - Land-use and land-cover change affects both ecological and socioeconomic processes, motivating the integration of environmental and socioeconomic data to help understand this...  相似文献   

Effect of salinity on uptake and distribution of chloride and sodium in some citrus scion-rootstock combinations     

J. Bañuls  F. Legaz  E. Primo-Millo 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):715-724

The effect of scion on Cl and Na accumulation and the transport properties of rootstocks was investigated using grafted plants. The combinations of Navel orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osb.) and Clementine (C. clementine Hort. ex Tan) scions on Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco) and Troyer citrange (C. sinensis X P. trifoliata) rootstocks, were used in all experiments. Plants were grown under glasshouse conditions for 14 weeks supplied with nutrient solution containing 0-60 mM NaCl. Relative growth and defoliation were studied. The reduction in relative growth caused by salt, treatments was more scion- dependent, whereas defoliation was more rootstock-dependent. Changes in leaf and root ionic contents were measured. Scions on Cleopatra mandarin accumulated less Cl in their leaves and roots than did scions on Troyer citrange. The distribution of Cl in the whole plant showed that Clementine had a reduced ability to transport Cl from roots to leaves. However, sodium content was lower in scions on Troyer citrange than Cleopatra mandarin. The distribution of Na in the whole plant showed that Troyer citrange restricted the transport of Na to the scion. There was little difference in P content in all combinations. Salinity decreased sharply the N content of leaves and roots in plants on Troyer citrange, but there was only a slight effect in plants on Cleopatra mandarin. The pattern of N accumulation was inversely correlated with the pattern of Cl accumulation. Salinity decreased K, Ca and Mg contents in leaves and roots of all combinations.  相似文献   

In vitro morphogenesis of juvenile Annona cherimola Mill,bud explants     

C. L. Encina  A. Barceló-Muñoz  A. Herrero-Castaño  F. Pliego-Alfaro 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):1053-1059

A micropropagation procedure for juvenile cherimoya (Annona clierimola Mill.) is described. Axillary shoot proliferation was obtained after culturing nodal sections with lateral buds in basal medium supplemented with either 0.66 μM BA or 1,36μM zeatin. For root induction shoots were pre-incubated for 7 d in basal medium supplemented with 1 gl^?1 activated charcoal, then cultured for 10 d (7 dark/3 light) on medium with 500 μM IBA, 58.4 mM sucrose, and 200 mg I“1 citric acid. Afterwards, shoots were transferred to the same medium without auxin and with the macroelements at half strength. Using this procedure, 95% of shoots rooted. The survival rate at the end of the acclimatization period was 70%.  相似文献   

Influence of nitrogenous fertilization on the protein content of flavedo of ‘Navelina’ oranges and its relationship with rind colour     

M. Collado  J. M. Sala  P. Iñarrea 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):971-976

Summary

Nitrogenous fertilization effects on the protein concentration of flavedo of ‘Navelina’ oranges during ripening was studied in an experimental greenhouse, using cuttings grown in pots with inert sand and nutrient solution. Two types of nutrient solution were used: a nitrate solution (all nitrogen in nitrate form) and an ammoniacal-nitrate solution (40% nitrogen in ammonium form and 60% in nitrate form). The protein concentration of fresh flavedo of fruits irrigated with ammoniacal-nitrate solution was higher than that of fruits irrigated with nitrate solution. When the protein concentration of flavedo is high, the rind of fruits reach a yellow or orange-yellow colour earlier during development. In both types of nutrient solution, the quantity of nitrogen applied did not influence the total protein concentration of fresh flavedo nor the timing of fruit rind colour change from green to orange-yellow. After fruit set, the sooner the ammoniacal- nitrate nutrient solution was supplied, the sooner fruits reached an orange-yellow colour, and the higher was the total protein concentration of fresh flavedo, although there were no significant differences between the protein concentrations of flavedo of fruits from cuttings whose irrigation started with the ammoniacal-nitrate solution at different time. Results of this and a previous study suggest a relationship between the rind colour change and the protein concentration in the flavedo of fruit.  相似文献   

The effect of ethephon on the growth and development of Liatris spicata     

S. BañóN  A. González  J. A. Fernández  J. A. Franco 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):851-855

Summary

The first experiment studied the effect of applying ethylene biosynthesis regulating compounds (ethephon 1000 ppm, silver thiosulphate 0.4 mM and cobalt chloride 5 mM) on the growth and development of Liatris spicata cv. Callilepis. The results pointed to the important growth retardant properties of ethephon and the increased number of flowering stems per corm which could be obtained by pre-planting application. A second experiment aimed to optimize ethephon treatment in Liatris by applying the growth retardant in different concentrations (100, 700, 1300, 1900 and 2500 ppm) at three stages of development: stage I (pre-planting), stage II (immediately after the formation of basal leaf rosette) and stage III (when the main shoot began its rapid longitudinal growth). Besides confirming the effects produced by ethephon in the first experiment, the results suggested that the application of high ethephon concentrations (1900 and 2500 ppm) during stage II of growth produced many miniature flowering stems coming from the principal or secondary shoot.  相似文献   

The effects of hydrogen cyanamide on budburst and fruit maturity of ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapevine     

J. Carreño  S. Faraj  A. Martínez 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):426-429

Summary

The effect of hydrogen cyanamide (H₂CN₂) on budburst and fruit maturity of `Thompson Seedless' grapes was examined. Nine year old vines of cv. Thompson Seedless grafted on R.110 rootstock and supported on overhead tendone trellis (parral), were treated with either 2% or 4% of H₂CN₂, 53 and 67 d before expected budbreak and compared with unsprayed vines. The earliest treatment with 4% H₂CN₂ enhanced budbreak and advanced fruit maturity by 17 d. However, the same concentration applied 53 d before natural budbreak advanced the date of maturity by only 4 d. All the treatments increased significantly the percentage of budburst compared with the control. H

² CN₂ had no significant effect on yield, but a positive effect on fruit quality. A higher index of maturity was obtained by the treatment: 4% H₂CN₂, 67 d before budbreak. All the treatments of H₂CN₂ induced more uniform budburst compared with the control. The best uniformity was obtained by the earliest spray using the higher concentration (4%).  相似文献