Editorial—New Look for JEVS     

Edward L. Squires PhD  Editor 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2006,26(10):434

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The carboxyterminal processing protease of D1 protein: Herbicidal activity of novel inhibitors of the recombinant and native spinach enzymes     

Stephen M.G. Duff  Yun-Chia Sophia Chen  Gopichand Yalamanchili  Dan M. Walker  Edward A. Boyd  Christopher J. Yarnold 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,88(1):1-13

The carboxyterminal processing protease of D1 protein (CtpA) is predicted to be an excellent target for the discovery of a general broad-spectrum herbicide. Directed and random screening of compounds against recombinant spinach CtpA (rCtpA) has led to the discovery of five different chemical classes of inhibitors. Lead compounds from each inhibitor class were investigated for their in vitro effects on the activities of both recombinant and native spinach CtpA. All of the lead compounds have K_i values of less than 50 μM when tested against rCtpA, and all except one showed competitive inhibition. Results from partially purified native CtpA from spinach were similar to those from the recombinant form of the enzyme, thus validating the use of rCtpA in the inhibitor screen. Compounds from three of the classes of CtpA inhibitors show in vivo herbicidal activity against Arabidopsis thaliana when applied either by addition to growth media or by spraying the leaves. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants which over-express CtpA showed greater resistance to the compounds than wild-type plants providing evidence that these inhibitors are directly acting against CtpA.  相似文献   

Response to Insulin Treatment and Survival in 104 Cats with Diabetes Mellitus (1985–1995)     

Mariëlle M.C. Goossens  Richard W. Nelson  Edward C. Feldman  Stephen M. Griffey 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(1):1-6

Medical records of 104 cats with diabetes mellitus were reviewed. Information from 54 cats that had multiple blood glucose concentrations evaluated at least 5 times over a minimum of 3 months, beginning at the time insulin treatment was initiated, was used to evaluate the efficacy of insulin in treating diabetes mellitus. Fourteen of 54 cats were treated with protamine zinc insulin (PZI), 26 with ultralente insulin, and 14 with lente insulin. Six, 29, and 19 cats had good, mediocre, and poor glycemic control, respectively, based on mean blood glucose concentrations, whereas 31, 21, and 2 owners thought clinical response was good, mediocre, and poor, respectively. No significant difference was found in glycemic control among cats treated with PZI, ultralente, or lente insulin. Glycemic control was significantly (P < .05) better in 33 cats without than in 21 cats with concurrent disease. All 104 cats were used to calculate survival data. Fifty-one of 104 cats were alive at the time of the study. Mean (± standard deviation [SD]) and median survival times were 24 (± 16) and 20 months, respectively, in the 51 cats still alive at the end of the evaluation, and 25 (± 4) and 17 months, respectively, in the 53 cats that had died during the period of evaluation. Pancreatic abnormalities identified in 37 cats that underwent necropsy included chronic pancreatitis (n = 17), acute to subacute pancreatitis (n = 2), exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma (n = 7) and adenoma (n = 1), islet cell atrophy and vacuolar degeneration (n = 27), and islet amyloidosis (n = 8). No association was found between glycemic control and islet amyloidosis or exocrine pancreatic neoplasia, or between survival time and chronic pancreatitis, islet amyloidosis, or exocrine pancreatic neoplasia. In conclusion, diabetic cats evaluated in this study showed a variable response to exogenously administered insulin, ranging from excellent to poor. By maintaining mean blood glucose concentrations under 300 mg/dL, clinical signs were improved, and owners were satisfied with insulin treatment. Concurrent potentially insulin-antagonistic diseases were common and deleteriously affected glycemic control and survival time.  相似文献   

Neonatal Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 Infection on a Thoroughbred Breeding Farm   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Michael J. Murray  Fabio del  Piero  Stuart C. Jeffrey  Michael S. Davis  Martin O. Furr  Edward J. Dubovi  John A. Mayo 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(1):36-41

Of 17 foals born on a Thoroughbred breeding farm between March and April 1995, infection with equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) was associated with neonatal morbidity in 5 foals, 3 of which died or were euthanized. Morbidity and mortality were associated with pulmonary inflammation, and EHV-1 was identified in the lungs of the 3 foals that died. All neonatal EHV-1 infections occurred in foals of mares housed in the same pasture and barn. No other clinical manifestations of EHV-1 infection (eg, abortion, neurologic disease, or respiratory disease) occurred during this outbreak. Three foals were treated with acyclovir (1 died, 2 survived), which may have influenced the clinical outcome in the surviving foals.  相似文献   

Studies on canine pregnancy using B-mode ultrasound: Development of the conceptus and determination of gestational age   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

G.C.W. England  W. Edward Allen  D. J. Porter 《The Journal of small animal practice》1990,31(7):324-329

Development of the conceptus was characterised using B-mode ultrasound in a standard size of dog (labrador retrievers, golden retrievers and their crosses; weight range 22 to 30 kg). Growth curves were established for various measurements of the conceptuses. Regression equations allowed the prediction of the expected time of parturition. Multiple regression analysis of two measurements (biparietal diameter and trunk diameter) resulted in an increase in the confidence of prediction.  相似文献   

The effect of dialkylamine compounds and related derivatives of 1-methylcyclopropene in counteracting ethylene responses in banana fruit     

Edward C. Sisler  Raphael Goren  Akiva Apelbaum  Margrethe Serek 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2009,51(1):43-48

Compounds that can block the ethylene receptor and be applied either as a gas or as a salt by spray or dip have been prepared and tested. Cyclopropenes with a methyl group in the 1-position, on which was attached a substituted amine, were allowed to evaporate in the presence of bananas that were treated with the gas. The minimum amount of a given compound required to inhibit chlorophyll degradation in the banana peel (an indicator of protective effect of the compound against ethylene action) that was subsequently exposed to ethylene, varied considerably depending on the compound, but N,N-dipropyl-(1-cyclopropenylmethyl)amine and N,N-di-(1-cyclopropenylmethyl)amine were the most effective. The degree of response to the ethylene inhibitory effect was similar for all of the compounds tested (32–34 d). The amount of cyclopropene compound required for inhibiting ethylene action following a 24 h exposure of bananas to the salt followed by a 15 h exposure to ethylene was higher than that required by the gas form used under the same conditions for the same effect. However, time of exposure could be much longer than 24 h with the salt than with the gas. The bananas treated with the salt do not need to be in an air-tight container, but could be used in open spaces. Only the banana peel appeared to be protected against ethylene during the 24 h interval when the salt was used. The pulp ripened upon exposure to ethylene.  相似文献   

Physicochemical requirements in the environment of the earthworm Eisenia foetida     

David L. Kaplan  Roy Hartenstein  Edward F. Neuhauser  Michael R. Malecki 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1980,12(4):347-352

Survival and/or growth were used to assess optimum and potentially deleterious physico-chemical conditions in the environment of the earthworm Eisenia foetida. Maximum weight was gained between 20 and 29°C with horse manure or activated sludge as food. Maximum weight gain as a function of moisture in activated sludge occurred between 70 and 85%. All worms died within a week at pH values <5 or >9; optimum pH for gain in weight centered around 7.0 Soluble salts in excess of 0.5% were lethal, though ammonium acetate caused 100% mortality at a concentration of 0.1%; concentrations in manures contaminated by urine or cattle slurry may be lethal, while those present in noncontaminated manure, with an electrolytic conductivity of 1.5–3mmhos, support weight gain. Inorganic chemicals that are commonly used to coagulate sludges, often as a preliminary to land application, were innocuous at concentrations higher than those normally used at wastewater treatment plants. Anaerobically digested sludges are toxic to earthworms, and are characterized by low oxidation-reduction potentials; when placed upon a soil substrate the redox potential increases slowly, and though the sludge tested in this study was nontoxic at Eh values in excess of 250 mV, it provided insufficient nutriment to E. foetida to allow weight gain. With activated sludge as food, growth of E. foetida occurred more rapidly when soil was present, independently of whether it was placed as a substrate beneath the sludge or mixed into the sludge. Growth occurred more rapidly when activated sludge was placed on substrates which allowed drainage, though loam or ashed loam appeared superior to others, such as glass beads or sand; the growth promoting factor is related to the inorganic fraction of the soil.  相似文献   

Glycosylated Hemoglobin Concentration for Assessment of Glycemic Control in Diabetic Cats     

Denise A. Elliott  Richard W. Nelson  Edward C. Feldman  Larry A. Nea 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1997,11(3):161-165

Blood glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) concentration was quantified in 84 healthy cats, 9 cats with stress-induced hyperglycemia, 37 cats with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus, and 122 diabetic cats treated with insulin or glipizide. Diabetic control was classified as good or poor in insulin-treated or glipizide-treated cats based on review of history, physical examination findings, changes in body weight, and measurement of blood glucose concentrations. Blood GHb concentration was determined using an affinity chromatography assay. Mean blood GHb concentration was similar for healthy normoglycemic cats and cats with transient, stress-induced hyperglycemia, but was significantly (P < .001) higher in untreated diabetic cats when compared with healthy normoglycemic cats. Mean blood GHb concentration was significantly (P < .001) higher in 84 cats with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus when compared with 38 cats in which the disease was well controlled. Mean blood GHb concentration decreased significantly (P < .01) in 6 cats with untreated diabetes mellitus after insulin and dietary treatment. A similar significant (P < .01) decrease in mean blood GHb concentration occurred in 7 cats with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus after diabetic control was improved by an increase in insulin dosage from 1.1 ± 0.9 to 1.4 ± 0.6 U/kg/ 24 h and by feeding a diet containing increased fiber content and in 6 cats with transient diabetes mellitus 8.2 ± 0.6 weeks after discontinuing insulin treatment. There was a significant (P< .01) stress-induced increase in mean fasting blood glucose concentration and mean blood glucose concentration for 12 hours after administration of insulin or glipizide but no change in mean blood GHb concentration in 5 docile diabetic cats 12.2 ± 0.4 weeks after the cats became fractious as a result of frequent hospitalizations and blood samplings. Results of this study suggest that evaluation of blood GHb concentration may be a clinically useful tool for monitoring glycemic control of diabetes in cats.  相似文献   

Fetal mummification in a mare     

Patrick M. McCue DVM  PhD  Dirk K. Vanderwall DVM  PhD  Edward L. Squires PhD 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》1997,17(5):267-269

A single mummified fetus was removed from the uterus of a 23-year-old mare that had been bred approximately 30 months previously. The mare had received supplemental progestin therapy for approximately 150 days after ovulation. This case represents the longest recorded occurrence of fetal mummification in the mare. Progestion administration may have contributed to the initial retention of the fetus in the uterus.  相似文献   

Three-year growth studies of Leucaena leucocephala (1094) and L. pulverulenta (1001) at two spacings in Texas     

Gideon N. Gathaara  Edward L. Glumac  Peter Felker 《Forest Ecology and Management》1991,40(3-4):189-198

The productivity of Leucaena leucocephala and a superior L. pulverulenta family were examined over a 3-year period at spacings (1.5 m×1.5 m and 1.5×3.0 m) chosen to compare two mechanical weeding operations. Leucaena pulverulenta was examined since faster-growing families of this cold-hardy, low-mimosine leucaena species were recently identified. There was no significant difference in yields between the species (P = 0.9060) but there was a significant difference between spacings (P = 0.0491). There was no significant spacing×species, species×year or spacing×year interaction. The annual growth rates for the first, second, and third seasons' growth for L. leucocephala were 3.73, 10.11 and 6.00 t ha⁻¹ at the close spacing and 3.03, 7.14 and 5.04 for the wider spacing. The annual growth-rates for the first, second and third seasons' growth for L. pulverulenta were 2.03, 8.35 and 8.31 t ha⁻¹ at the close spacing and 1.25, 9.38 and 5.29 at the wider spacing. Despite the fact that L. leucocephala froze to the ground in the first and second winter when L. pulverulenta was nearly undamaged, the L. leucocephala coppice resprout was greater than the second year's growth for L. pulverulenta.  相似文献