Multiple lines of evidence for reproductive winter diapause in the invasive pest Drosophila suzukii: useful clues for control strategies     

Marco Valerio Rossi-Stacconi  Rupinder Kaur  Valerio Mazzoni  Lino Ometto  Alberto Grassi  Angela Gottardello  Omar Rota-Stabelli  Gianfranco Anfora 《Journal of pest science》2016,89(3):689-700

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A Thermo-Cavitation Method to Determine Organochlorine Pesticides in Gas and Particle Phases Collected in Polyurethane Foam Used in Passive Air Samplers     

Gloria E. Arias-Loaiza  Erik Beristain-Montiel  Sandra Gómez-Arroyo  Omar Amador-Muñoz 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2018,229(8):282

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are globally dispersed substances considered to have adverse effects on health and ecosystems. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are POPs. OCPs can be collected from the air by passive samplers using polyurethane foam (PUF). POPs in PUF are generally extracted by Soxhlet, considered as reference extraction method. We offer a different methodology approach to extract 16 OCPs from the PUF. This technology extracts, filters, collects the sample and evaporates the solvent, without sample transfer. It is a modification of the ultrasound-assisted extraction micro-scale cell (M-UAE-MSC) previously patented by our group. A full factorial experimental design (2³ centred) was used to optimise the extraction conditions. The most desirable conditions were 50 °C, 40% ultrasound potency and 20-min extraction time, two extractions. OCP recoveries ranged from 67 to 110%. OCP recoveries were equivalent by M-UAE-MSC and Soxhlet techniques. The method was not suitable for five OCPs, and further refinement is needed. Method linearity (r²) was ≥?0.98. Limits of detection were observed between 1.2 and 4.6 ng PUF^?1, while limits of quantification were found between 3.9 and 15.2 ng PUF^?1. The method was applied to determine OCPs collected by PUF passive samplers in Mexico. Endosulfan I was the OCP most frequently observed. The M-UAE-MSC optimised extraction conditions, decreased the extraction time from several hours to less than 1 h and reduced three times the solvent consumption with respect to Soxhlet. This afforded a decrease in the waste generation and a reduction in the OCP-extraction cost up to 80%. The results of this study reveal an efficient and consistent procedure, as well as a simpler, faster, cost-saving and more environmentally friendly method to determine OCPs collected by PUF in passive samplers compared to Soxhlet extraction.  相似文献   

Amending Chemical Fertilizers with Rice Straw Compost and Clinoptilolite Zeolite and Their Effects on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Fresh Cob Yield of Zea mays L.     

Latifah Omar  Nik Muhammad Abdul Majid 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(14):1795-1813

A field study was carried out from April 2014 to August 2014 for two consecutive planting cycles of Zea mays L. on Nyalau Series (Typic Tualemkuts) to determine the short-term effects of co-application of chemical fertilizers, rice straw compost, and clinoptilolite zeolite on (i) ammonium adsorption and desorption, (ii) nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium uptake and use efficiency, and (iii) yield of Zea mays L. (cobs). Amending urea with rice straw compost and clinoptilolite zeolite improved nitrogen use efficiency because of temporary adsorption and desorption of ammonium on the exchange sites of compost and clinoptilolite zeolite. Combined use of chemical fertilizers, rice straw compost, and clinoptilolite zeolite enhanced uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Co-application of chemical fertilizers, rice straw compost, and clinoptilolite zeolite can improve the availability of soil nutrients. This approach can also improve nutrient use efficiency and yield of Zea mays L.  相似文献   

Soil pH Buffering Capacity and Nitrogen Availability Following Compost Application in a Tropical Acid Soil     

Omar Latifah  Nik Muhamad Abdul Majid 《Compost science & utilization》2018,26(1):1-15

Tropical acid soils are highly weathered as they exist under tropical environment with high rainfall and temperature throughout the year, which affects nitrogen availability. Soil organic nitrogen is important in estimating soil nitrogen availability. The combined use of urea and compost in this study was carried out to decrease sole dependence on urea, buffer soil acidification, and reduce nitrogen losses through leaching. Thus, soil buffering capacity, incubation, and organic nitrogen fractionation studies were conducted to determine soil buffering capacity, availability of total nitrogen, organic fractions nitrogen, and inorganic nitrogen in soil after 90 days of incubation following compost. Soil pH, buffering capacity, total nitrogen, organic nitrogen fractions, exchangeable ammonium, and available nitrate were higher in all treatments with compost and combined use of urea and compost. Total hydrolyzable nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen, (ammonium + amino sugar)-nitrogen, amino sugar-nitrogen, and amino acid-nitrogen were higher in soils with urea and compost suggesting that decomposition of soil organic fractions nitrogen into inorganic nitrogen (ammonium and available nitrate was affected by the addition of urea and compost. Urea can be amended with compost to regulate availability nitrogen in soil for crop use.  相似文献   

Effect of three natural phytochemicals supplementation on growth performance,testosterone level and feed utilization of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)          下载免费PDF全文

A.T. Mansour  E.A. Omar  T.M. Srour  M.I. Yousef 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2018,24(1):408-415

An 84‐day feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary ginseng extract (GE), tribulus extract (TE) and date palm pollen grains (DPPG) on growth, testosterone level and nutrient utilization of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, fingerlings. Seven experimental treatments were conducted in three replicates: control fed basal diets without any supplementations, GE_0.2 (supplemented with 0.2 g GE/kg diet), GE_0.4 (supplemented with 0.4 g GE/kg diet), TE_0.6 (supplemented with 0.6 g TE/kg diet), TE_1.2 (supplemented with 1.2 g TE/kg diet), DPPG₃ (supplemented with 3 g DPPG/kg diet) and DPPG₆ (supplemented with 6 g DPPG/kg diet). The results indicated that all dietary phytochemicals significantly increased growth compared to the control. Plasma testosterone levels were improved by 86.27%, 64.58%, 57.35% and 24.58% with TE_1.2, GE_0.4, TE_0.6 and DPPG₆, respectively, more than the control. The relationship between testosterone and final body weight showed a significant simple linear regression with a positive correlation. The nutrient utilization imprxoved with higher doses of phytochemical supplementations. Moreover, protein content increased and ether extract decreased with phytochemical supplementation. The present results concluded that higher doses of GE, TE and DPPG could be used as growth promoters and testosterone boosters for Nile tilapia fingerlings.  相似文献   

Short Term Enhancement of Nutrients Availability in Zea mays L. Cultivation on an Acid Soil Using Compost and Clinoptilolite Zeolite     

Omar Latifah  Nik Muhamad Abdul Majid 《Compost science & utilization》2017,25(1):22-35

To avoid environmental pollution due to excessive use of inorganic fertilizers, it is essential to increase the availability of nutrients using environmentally friendly resources, such as composts and clinoptilolite zeolite, in soil fertility management. In this study, an attempt was made to use different rates of inorganic fertilizers, compost, and clinoptilolite zeolite to correct the ongoing excessive use of inorganic fertilizers. A pot study using maize (Zea mays L.) as a test crop was carried out to determine the effects of amending inorganic fertilizers with compost and clinoptilolite zeolite on: (i) selected soil chemical properties, and (ii) N, P, and K uptake and use efficiency in maize cultivation. The pot study was conducted for 45 days (tasseling stage of maize). Amending inorganic fertilizers with compost and clinoptilolite zeolite increased soil total N, exchangeable Ca, Mg, K, and available P. Furthermore, P and K uptake and use efficiency of maize were significantly improved upon amending inorganic fertilizers with compost and clinoptilolite zeolite. Soil chemical properties and productivity of maize on acid soils can be improved through co-application of compost and clinoptilolite zeolite. However, field application of the authors’ findings is being evaluated in an on-going field experiment.  相似文献   

Productive response of grazing dairy cows to fresh chopped maize supplementation under a small farming system in the Mexican Highlands     

Mónica Ramírez-Mella  Omar Hernández-Mendo  Ricardo D. Améndola-Massiotti  Efren J. Ramírez-Bribiesca  German D. Mendoza-Martínez  Juan A. Burgueño-Ferreira 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(7):1377-1383

The aim of this study was to evaluate the animal performance of late lactating grazing dairy cows in response to fresh chopped maize (FCM) supplementation under a small farming system. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein dairy cows were used in a rotational grazing on a mixed alfalfa–orchard grass sward. Three treatments were evaluated: 0, 4, and 8 kg dry matter (DM) of FCM cow⁻¹ day⁻¹. The experimental design was a crossover, with three periods lasting 19 days each. There were no differences on individual milk production nor on milk composition. Herbage DM intake decreased (P < 0.0001) from 8.4 to 5.2 and 3.1 kg DM when increasing FCM from 0 to 4 and 8 kg DM, respectively. Total DM intake increased (P < 0.0001) with 8 kg DM of FCM, averaging 14.8 kg. Substitution rate was 0.75 and 0.67 kg of pasture per kilogram of FCM with 4 and 8 kg DM of FCM, respectively. Consequently, stocking rate (STR) increased (P < 0.0001) from 3.8 to 6.2 and 8.8 cows ha⁻¹, and milk production per hectare increased (P < 0.0001) from 39.3 to 64.5 and 95.5 kg of milk, with 0, 4, and 8 kg DM of FCM, respectively. This means that STR increases 0.63 cows ha⁻¹, and 0.75 kg of milk ha⁻¹ when FCM is increased in 1 kg of DM. In conclusion, offering FCM as supplement to grazing dairy cows in their final lactation stage had no benefits in individual milk production or milk composition, but had benefits on milk production per hectare.  相似文献   

温度对新疆鬣蜥热能代谢及甲状腺素含量的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

艾尼瓦尔·吐米尔  吾玛尔·阿不力孜  马合木提·哈力克 《干旱区研究》2005,22(2):201-204

以新疆鬣蜥(Agamastoliczkana)为材料,当环境温度分别是低温(5±0.5℃)、室温(15±0.5℃)和高温(30±0.5℃)时,对基础代谢率和甲状腺素(T3,T4)含量进行测定。结果表明,新疆鬣蜥基础代谢率和甲状腺素含量与环境温度正相关,处在低温、室温、高温时,基础代谢率分别为15.82±0.77(S.E)mLO2·kg-1h-1,26.65±2.28(S.E)mLO2·kg-1h-1,69.89±3.43(S.E)mLO2·kg-1h-1。血浆甲状腺素(T3)分别为0.12±0.01(S.E)ng/mL,0.21±0.07(S.E)ng/mL,0.28±0.13(S.E)ng/mL;(T4)分别为3.63±0.58(S.E)ng/mL,8.73±1.1(S.E)ng/mL,21.81±1.82(S.E)ng/mL。同时发现新疆鬣蜥基础代谢率和甲状腺素含量与其活动程度一致。  相似文献   

Inhibition of human cAMP-phosphodiesterase as a mechanism of the spasmolytic effect of Matricaria recutita L     

Maschi O  Cero ED  Galli GV  Caruso D  Bosisio E  Dell'Agli M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(13):5015-5020

Mechanisms underlying the spasmolytic activity of chamomile still remain unclear. Inhibition of cAMP- and cGMP-phosphodiesterases (PDE) is one of the mechanisms operated by spasmolytic drugs. In this study, the effect of chamomile on PDE was investigated. Human platelet cAMP-PDE and recombinant PDE5A1 were assayed in the presence of infusions prepared from sifted flowers and capitula. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis showed different compositions in infusions made with sifted flowers and capitula. Chamomile inhibited cAMP-PDE activity (IC50 = 17.9-40.5 microg/mL), while cGMP-PDE5 was less affected (-15% at 50 microg/mL). Among the individual compounds tested, only flavonoids showed an inhibitory effect (IC50 = 1.3-14.9 microM), contributing to around 39% of the infusion inhibition; other compounds responsible for cAMP-PDE inhibition still remain unknown. Although experimental evidence supporting the use of chamomile for gastrointestinal minor spasms dates back to the fifties, cAMP-PDE inhibition as a likely mechanism underlying the spasmolytic activity is reported for the first time.  相似文献   

Feasibility of using retinol-binding protein from capillary blood specimens to estimate serum retinol concentrations and the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency in low-resource settings     

Gorstein JL  Dary O  Pongtorn  Shell-Duncan B  Quick T  Wasanwisut E 《Public health nutrition》2008,11(5):513-520

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a significant public health problem in many countries. While cost-effective interventions are available to control VAD, reliable information is needed to the track progress of control programmes. However, assessment of VAD is uncommon because current approaches are expensive and not feasible in low-resource settings. The present study explores the utility of retinol-binding protein (RBP), analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay from capillary blood, as an alternative measure of serum retinol concentrations in populations. The study collected matched panels of venous and capillary blood from pre-school children in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Of a total sample of 195 children, there were no differences between RBP from venous blood, RBP from capillary blood or retinol from capillary blood relative to retinol from venous blood. Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis suggested a cut-off of RBP < 0.825 micromol l(-1) had optimal screening proficiency relative to retinol <0.70 micromol l(-1). For the purpose of population assessment, all three parameters performed well in screening for VAD relative to retinol from venous blood. There were no differences in the estimates of VAD between children stratified by inflammation status. Lower RBP concentrations were found in children in the early convalescent stage of infection than in children with no infection or in the late convalescent stage. This study provided evidence of the biological comparability between retinol and RBP estimated from venous blood and capillary blood. This is a critical observation as it provides empirical evidence that RBP from capillary blood is a surrogate measure of serum retinol concentrations.  相似文献