The Contribution of Small-Scale Forestry-Based Enterprises to the Rural Economy in the Developing World: The Case of the Informal Carpentry Sector, Sudan     

Yahia Omar Adam  Davide Pettenella 《Small-Scale Forestry》2013,12(3):461-474

Small-scale forestry-based enterprises connected with wood processing are becoming of growing importance in the rural economy of developing countries. Little attention has been paid to the characteristics of these enterprises and their role in supporting economic development. The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine the socioeconomic characteristics of the operators of these enterprises; (2) assess the contribution of the informal carpentry sector to operators’ income; and (3) identify the factors limiting the expansion of the sector. The study was carried out in the Singa district, Sinnar State in 2011. Snowball sampling was used to select 250 operators from five markets in the district. The quantitative and qualitative data were collected using Participatory Rural Appraisal methods. The results revealed that most operators involved in the informal carpentry sector are males aged <30 years and their businesses have been in existence for <10 years. Operators’ incomes ranged between USD 100 and 500 monthly on average. The results also indicated that the operators face many constraints (e.g. finance shortage, lack of raw materials, insecure market, lack of technology and lack of organization) to expanding the informal carpentry sector. The study concluded that the informal carpentry sector has potential to contribute to rural economic development through increasing income and reducing rural poverty.  相似文献   

Parental Selection in Rice Cultivar Improvement     

Stanley Omar P B.SAMONTE  Rodante E.TABIEN  Lloyd T.WILSON 《水稻科学》2013,20(1):45-51

The evaluation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars assists breeders in identifying useful trait relationships and in selecting parents as donors of specific traits. This study was conducted to compare long-grain rice cultivars using genotype × trait (GT) biplot analysis and determine potential donors of traits related to grain yield and quality. Seventeen cultivars in the 2005 and 2006 Uniform Regional Rice Nursery in Beaumont, Texas, USA were analyzed for 20 traits using GT biplot analysis. The GT biplots showed the diversity among cultivars with regards to yield-related traits. Cultivars recommended as donor parents were: Trenasse, Spring, Presidio, and Cocodrie for high grain yield and head rice rate; Trenasse and Presidio for semi-dwarfness; Banks for tall plant height; Wells for high flag leaf area, panicle weight, and number and mass of filled grains per panicle; Hidalgo for high tiller density; Francis for high number of spikelets per panicle; Spring and Trenasse for short flowering duration; Cheniere for more days to heading and maturity and Spring for less days; and Spring and Hidalgo for high grain weight. Breeders can use these cultivars with specific traits to increase grain yield and quality.  相似文献   

Post‐grazing cutting management in tall fescue affects the sward structure,forage and liveweight production     

Jorge Omar Scheneiter  Jonatan Nicols Camarasa  Daniel Aperlo  Martín Alejandro Ferrari  Martín Nalino  María J. Beribe 《Grass and Forage Science》2019,74(4):661-669

Tall fescue is the main perennial grass of the pastures of the temperate region of Argentina. However, after flowering in spring, tall fescue loses productivity and quality. Based on this, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different post‐grazing mechanical cutting managements on the forage mass, leaf proportion, stocking rate, liveweight gain and liveweight production of tall fescue pastures. The treatments were post‐grazing mechanical cutting at anthesis (FC), post‐grazing mechanical cutting throughout spring and summer (SSC), and no post‐grazing mechanical cutting (NC). The experiment was performed from 2011 to 2014 in Argentina. The greatest and lowest forage mass were determined in September–November and May–September respectively. The leaf proportion of the SSC treatment was greater than that of the NC treatment, except in September–November. NC had higher stocking rate and lower liveweight gain than SSC, and neither NC nor SSC differed from FC. The liveweight production of the treatments was characterized by a trade‐off between stocking rate and liveweight gain. We conclude that FC is an attractive management because, with a single post‐grazing cutting, swards remain productive and leafy.  相似文献   

Seroprevalence and risk factors for influenza A viruses in pigs in Peninsular Malaysia     

Suriya R  Hassan L  Omar AR  Aini I  Tan CG  Lim YS  Kamaruddin MI 《Zoonoses and public health》2008,55(7):342-351

Following a series of H5N1 cases in chickens and birds in a few states in Malaysia, there was much interest in the influenza A viruses subtypes that circulate among the local pig populations. Pigs may act as a mixing vessel for avian and mammal influenza viruses, resulting in new reassorted viruses. This study investigated the presence of antibodies against influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses in pigs from Peninsular Malaysia using Herdcheck Swine Influenza H1N1 and H3N2 Antibody Test Kits. At the same time, the presence of influenza virus was examined from the nasal swabs of seropositive pigs by virus isolation and real time RT-PCR. The list of pig farms was obtained from the headquarters of the Department of Veterinary Services, Malaysia, and pig herds were selected randomly from six of 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 727 serum and nasal swab samples were collected from 4- to 6-month-old pigs between May and August 2005. By ELISA, the seroprevalences of swine influenza H1N1 and H3N2 among pigs were 12.2% and 12.1% respectively. Seropositivity for either of the virus subtypes was detected in less than half of the 41 sampled farms (41.4%). Combination of both subtypes was detected in 4% of all pigs and in 22% of sampled farms. However, no virus or viral nucleic acid was detected from nasal samples. This study identified that the seropositivity of pigs to H1N1 and H3N2 based on ELISA was significantly associated with factors such as size of farm, importation or purchase of pigs, proximity of farm to other pig farms and the presence of mammalian pets within the farm.  相似文献   

Lipid metabolism in juveniles of Yellowtail,Seriola dorsalis,fed different levels of dietary methionine containing a low level of cholesterol: Implication in feed formulation     

Omar Aguilln  Jos Antonio Mata  Louis R. D&#x;Abramo  María Teresa Viana 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(5):1463-1475

The involvement of dietary methionine in the lipid metabolism of Seriola dorsalis, at different levels of dietary methionine (Met), and low content of cholesterol was investigated. Four diets containing different Met levels and a low amount of cholesterol (0.23 g/kg diet) were prepared. One hundred and eighty juveniles (16.2 ± 1.5 g) were randomly distributed into each 12 500‐L ponds. After 60 days, the growth in weight (%) significantly increased following the Met supplementation, whereas SGR of all the experimental treatments was higher than the Basal Diet. The expression of the insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐1) increased significantly (0.2‐fold) and was complemented by significant changes in Mat, BHMT and HMG‐CoA, for fish that were in the low and higher Met levels. The cholesterol content in the whole body and liver increased following methionine supplementation, similarly to that observed for crude lipids, in particular in the whole body and liver tissues. However, the relative amount of most fatty acids remained unchanged. Only the oleic acid increased at a higher amount of Met. Therefore, once the dietary requirement of methionine is met, the methionine is used to synthesize cholesterol. It is recommended to supply a higher amount of methionine to spare energy for growth.  相似文献   

干旱区土壤螨类群落多样性及其与环境因子的相关性分析     

排孜丽耶·合力力  吾玛尔·阿布力孜  阿丽亚·司地克  阿迪拉古丽·阿布力克木 《新疆农业科学》2018,55(8):1483-1494

【目的】研究干旱区土壤环境因子对土壤螨类群落多样性的影响,对鄯善县7种不同生境进行土壤螨类群落调查与环境因子测定。【方法】采用改良的Tullgren法分离收集土壤螨类,并用Pearson相关分析和典范对应分析方法对土壤螨类群落多样性特征及其与环境因子之间进行相关分析。【结果】共捕获土壤螨类成体标本26 637只,隶属于4目69科98属。7种不同生境之间土壤螨类群落多样性指标均有极显著差异(P<0.001),其中Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)依次为防护林＞葡萄园＞杏园＞苜蓿地＞草地＞耕地＞菜地。CCA分析结果表明,第一主轴和第二主轴分别解释了土壤螨类主要群落总变量的29.7%和17.1%,与环境因子的相关性系数分别为0.926和0.929,前两轴共解释了土壤螨类物种类与环境因素关系的92.9%。蒙特卡罗置换检验显示,10个土壤主要理化性质与第一排序轴(F=4.31,P=0.002)和全部排序轴(F=2.68,P=0.002)均存在极显著的相关性。【结论】鄯善县7种不同生境土壤螨类群落多样性与土壤含水量、有机质、容重及全氮含量呈显著相关(P<0.05),其中土壤含水量、全氮和有机质含量对螨类群落结构和多样性的影响显著。  相似文献   

Influence of organic and inorganic passivators on Cd and Pb stabilization and microbial biomass in a contaminated paddy soil     

Saqib Bashir  Muhammad Shaaban  Qaiser Hussain  Sajid Mehmood  Jun Zhu  Qingling Fu  Omar Aziz  Hongqing Hu 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(9):2948-2959

  相似文献   

Multilocus sequence analysis supports a low genetic diversity among ‘<Emphasis Type="Italic">Candidatus</Emphasis> Phytoplasma australasia’ related strains infecting vegetable crops and periwinkle in Egypt     

Yasmen El-Sisi  Ayman F. Omar  Samir A. Sidaros  Mohsen M. Elsharkawy  Xavier Foissac 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,150(3):779-784

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australasia’ causes important damages to the Egyptian vegetable crop production. A prerequisite for controlling the different diseases it causes to eggplant, tomato and squash, is to trace its propagation pathways. To allow the differentiation of ‘Ca. P. australasia’ strains, a multilocus sequence analysis protocol was developed. Four conserved phytoplama genes namely tuf, secY, dnaK and dppA, were selected among the CDS of a ‘Ca. P. aurantifolia’ genome draft. The corresponding genes were PCR amplified from tomato, eggplant and squash collected in 2010 from the governorates Sharkia, Elmynia and Beni sueif, as well as from Catharanthus roseus periwinkles collected in 2013 from Kafrelsheikh governorate. Sequence comparisons showed no diversity among the Egyptian isolates of ‘Ca. P. australasia’ that also constitute a distinct cluster within the 16SrII-D taxonomic subgroup. This low diversity supports a common epidemiology for the different diseases affecting vegetable crops and periwinkle in Egypt and suggests that future investigations on insect vector should focus on polyphagous leafhoppers.  相似文献   

新疆喀纳斯国家级自然保护区土壤螨类群落特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吾玛尔·阿布力孜  阿提坎木·吾布力喀斯木  吴松林 《干旱区资源与环境》2015,(2):99-104

为研究喀纳斯自然保护区土壤螨类群落特征,2011年7月和9月对该保护区针叶林、混交林、阔叶林、灌木林、草甸草原、林间草地、沼泽地7种生境进行了取样调查。结果表明:1)共获得土壤螨类7268只,隶属于3亚目51科58属。其中甲螨亚目3819只,38科44属,占总数的93.34%;中气门亚目264只,9科11属,占总数的6.45%;前气门亚目7只3科3属,占总数的0.21%。整个研究区域中奥甲螨属Oppia、盖头甲螨属Tectocepheus、钉棱甲螨属Passalozetes、菌甲螨属Scheloribates为优势类群,占总数的60.05%;阿斯甲螨属、短甲螨属、大翼甲螨属等13属为常见类群,占总数的29.43%;其余的41属为稀有类群,占总数的10.52%。2)在不同生境条件下土壤螨类个体数和类群数均有显著差异(P<0.05),其中个体数依次为阔叶林>针叶林>林间草地>混交林>沼泽地>草甸草原>灌木林;而类群数依次为阔叶林>草甸草原>沼泽地>针叶林>灌木林>混交林>林间草地。3)垂直分布具有明显的表聚性特征,其中0~5cm土层最多,其次为5~10cm,而10~15cm最少。4)在该保护区不同生境土壤螨类的群落组成和结构差异与植被类型、土壤环境因素及人为干扰程度有关。  相似文献   

新疆真藓属(Bryum Hedw.)新资料     

帕提姑丽·吾买尔  玛尔孜娅·阿不力米提  热比也木·吾甫  赵建成  买买提明·苏来曼 《干旱区研究》2015,32(2):286-289

通过经典分类学方法,对采自新疆各地的185号真藓属植物标本进行了整理、鉴定,报道新疆新记录2种:毛状真藓(Bryum apiculatum Schwaegr.)与近高山真藓(Bryum paradoxum Schwaegr.)。重新确定了曾有文献记载,但未见现存标本因而未加入新疆苔藓植物名录的:狭网真藓(Bryum algovicum Sendt.ex C.Müll.)与红蒴真藓(Bryum atrovirens Brid.)。并对新记录种的识别特征、生境及其地理分布作了阐述。根据识别特征绘制了狭网真藓、红蒴真藓与近高山真藓的墨线图。  相似文献