Analysis of genetic and virulence variability of Stemphylium lycopersici associated with leaf spot of vegetable crops     

Abbas Nasehi  Jugah-Bin Kadir  Mehdi Nasr-Esfahani  Farnaz Abed-Ashtiani  Mui-Yun Wong  Siti-Khadijah Rambe  Elham Golkhandan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,140(2):261-273

Stemphylium lycopersici (Enjoji) W. Yamam was initially described from tomato and has been reported to infect different hosts worldwide. Sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions 1 and 2, including 5.8S rDNA (ITS-5.8S rDNA) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), as well as virulence studies were conducted to analyze 46?S. lycopersici isolates. Stemphylium lycopersici isolates used in this study were obtained from diseased tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) from major vegetable growing regions of Malaysia, including the three states of Pahang, Johor and Selangor between 2011 and 2012. Phylogenetic analysis of a combined dataset of the ITS-5.8S rDNA and gpd regions indicated that all isolates were clustered in the sub-cluster that comprised S. lycopersici, and were distinguished from other Stemphylium species. Cluster analyses using the UPGMA method for both RAPD and ISSR markers grouped S. lycopersici isolates into three main clusters with similarity index values of 67 and 68 %. The genetic diversity data confirmed that isolates of S. lycopersici are in concordance to host plants, and not geographical origin of the isolates. All S. lycopersici isolates were pathogenic on their original host plants and showed leaf spot symptoms; however, virulence variability was observed among the isolates. In cross-inoculation assays, the representative isolates were able to cause leaf spot symptoms on eggplant, pepper, lettuce and tomato, but not on cabbage.  相似文献   

Life history of Proprioseiopsis badri feeding on four eriophyid mite species (Acari: Phytoseiidae and Eriophyidae)     

Faten M. Momen  Abd-Elsatar M. Metwally  Abd Elrady K. Nasr  Awad A. Abdallah  Khaled M. Saleh 《Phytoparasitica》2014,42(1):23-30

The influence of four eriophyid mite species as prey, Aceria dioscoridis, Aceria olivi, Aculops lycopersici and Cisaberoptus kenyae, on the biology and demographic parameters of the predatory mite Proprioseiopsis badri, was studied under laboratory conditions. Feeding on A. dioscoridis and A. olivi enhanced the development of P. badri, resulted in the longest mean generation time and were the most suitable foods for the oviposition of the predator, as exhibited by the highest fecundity, net reproductive rate and gross reproductive rate. Preying on A. lycopersici gave the lowest fecundity, net and gross reproductive rates and finite rate of increase; therefore, this prey was the least suitable for the oviposition of P. badri. Preying on A. dioscoridis and A. olivi produced higher intrinsic rates of increase, reproduction rates and finite rates of increase for the predator in comparison with A. lycopersici and C. kenyae, which had the lowest value. These differences in response to various eriophyid pests should be considered for the production of healthy cultures of P. badri.  相似文献   

The use of native turf mixtures to approach sustainable lawn in urban landscapes     

Elham Saeedi Pooya  Ali Tehranifar  Mahmoud Shoor  Yahya Selahvarzi  Hossein Ansari 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2013,12(4):532-536

Native grasses are excellent candidate species for manipulation to produce dwarf and turf type varieties as well as for producing cultivars with higher attractiveness and requiring less maintenance to be used as a turf grass in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. This investigation was conducted to explore visual qualities of native grasses and their mixtures compared to commercial turf. The field experiment was set out in a split-plot in time based on a randomized experimental design with three replications. We used two native monoculture accessions, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. ‘Yarand’) and (Lolium perenne L. ‘Shadegan’), Native low-variety Mixture (NM1): consisting of 50% Lolium multiflorum ‘Shadegan’? 50% Festuca spp. ‘Shadegan’, Native high-variety Mixture (NM2): consisting of 55% Lolium perenne L. ‘Yarand’? 35% Lolium perenne L. ‘Shadegan’? 5% L. multiflorum ‘Shadegan’ and 5% Festuca spp. ‘Shadegan’ and compared this with one commercial turf mixture that is commonly used in landscaping. Results indicated the effects of seasons and turf grass types and their interaction had significant effects on most variables including quality, season color, leaf texture, density, quality after clipping (p < 0.01). The visual quality measurements indicated the superiority of L. perenne ‘Shadegan’ over other native monoculture and polyculture and its ablility to compete with the commercial turf. The native turf mixture of NM2 showed several good characteristics. L. perenne ‘Yarand’ had statistically the lowest score for visual appeal as compared with the other turf types. This research suggests that the use of native grass species of L. perenne ‘Shadegan’ is worth investigating for better performance of the native landscape.  相似文献   

Possible effect of lesser galangal (Alpinia officinarum) extracts encapsulated into mesoporous silica nanoparticles on the immune status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus n)     

Elham Awad  Ahmed El‐Fiqi  Dawn Austin  Alastair Lyndon 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(9):3674-3684

Using plant extracts as immunostimulants in aquaculture has prove effectiv in resisting infectious disease, in addition to being safe and inexpensive. The present study is concerned about the prospective mode of action of using lesser galangal extract (Alpinia officinarum) encapsulated into amine surface functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) in order to elevate the immune status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were randomly divided into 6 groups and fed for 4 weeks with commercial diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.5% and 1.5% of lesser galangal extract, and with previous concentrations encapsulated with MSN (0.5% + MSN, 1.5% + MSN) and MSN (without extract). The effects of the feeding trial on the innate humoural immune parameters (total protein, myeloperoxidase content, lysozyme antiproteases and bactericidal activities) in rainbow trout were examined. Also, the influence of dietary supplement on some immune‐related genes in rainbow trout head kidney (TNF, IL‐8, IL‐1b, LYZ2 and CD4) after challenge with Yersinia ruckeri was examined. The results revealed enhancement in immune parameters in all treatment groups compared to the control, especially in the fish group fed with 1.5% + MSN which showed the highest significant difference (p < .05) in total protein, lysozyme and antiproteases activities. Also, feeding lesser galangal extract encapsulated into MSN led to an increase in myeloperoxidase content and bactericidal activity. An improvement in the expression of immune‐related genes has been recorded in fish groups fed doses of lesser galangal extract and lesser galangal extract encapsulated into MSN compared to the control or to the group fed with MSN only. Particularly, the group fed with 0.5% + MSN showed a significant up‐regulation in most of the immune‐related genes. The current investigation supports using lesser galangal extract encapsulated into MSN in fish diets as a supplement to enhance the immune response of rainbow trout and elevate its resistance to infectious diseases.  相似文献   

Physiological traits and anatomic structures of the seed for two short cotton season genotypes(Gossypium hirsutum L.) under water stress          下载免费PDF全文

Maryam KOLAHI  Elham FAGHANI  rea GOLDSON-BARNABY  Borhan SOHRAB 《农业科学学报》2020,19(1):89-98

Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) is utilized commercially in the production of textile, clothing, and household goods. Its growth is affected by various environmental conditions such as soil, climate, and water supply. Irrigation is one of the most important factors for crop management. This research was designed with the aim of studying the biochemical and anatomical features of two genotypes of cottonseed(Latif and Golestan) in order to determine optimum irrigation. Protein, starch, gossypol gland, total soluble protein, starch content, and the anatomical structure of the cotton seeds were investigated. The data were analyzed using the SAS Software. The results showed that when rainfed, Golestan genotype seeds had a larger number of secretory cavities, soluble protein, and starch compared to Latif seeds. There was also a noticeable difference in the size of the seeds. Cellulosic cell walls and protein particles were also observed in the seed structure under induced water stress conditions. It can therefore be concluded that in response to water shortage, there was a noticeable change in the morphometric, anatomic, and biochemical features of the cottonseeds. It can be concluded that when rainfed, the Golestan genotype of cottonseed has more compatibility than the Latif genotype. In general, the application of different levels of irrigation showed that at moderate levels of irrigation, anatomical features appeared more normal. The observations indicate that at high levels of irrigation, some cells begin to dehisce due to osmotic stress, which results in a lack of accurate formation of tissue structures. The Golestan genotype is therefore the best suited for dryland farming.  相似文献   

Short‐term Effects of Genistein on the Reproductive Characteristics of Male Gibel Carp,Carassius auratus gibelio          下载免费PDF全文

Elham Nezafatian  Vahid Zadmajid  Beth M. Cleveland 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2017,48(5):810-820

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of genistein or 17β‐estradiol (E2) on the reproductive physiology in male gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio. Maturing male gibel carp received intraperitoneal injections of E2 (10 µg/g body weight), one of two genistein doses (5 µg/g body weight, G5, or 50 µg/g body weight, G50), or the injection vehicle every other day for 10 d. Disruptions in reproductive capacity were determined by measuring indices of sperm quality, plasma metabolites and sex steroids, histological analyses of testes, fertilization rate, and offspring viability. E2 and genistein treatment reduced gonadosomatic index and milt volume, while reduction in spermatozoa concentration and spermatocrit occurred only in E2 and G50‐treated males. Histological examination of the testes indicates that E2 and genistein inhibited reproductive capacity through disruption of the spermatogenesis in males. Genistein reduced fertilization rate and offspring viability at 6 d after hatch (d.a.h.). Plasma testosterone and E2 decreased and increased, respectively, with E2 and G50 treatment. E2 and G50 treatment altered plasma metabolite phosphorus, calcium, cholesterol, and triglyceride. These findings indicate that genistein can negatively affect reproductive capacity in male gibel carp, suggesting that high dietary genistein may impair gonad development.  相似文献   

Effects of xylazine hydrochloride on hormonal, metabolic, and cardiorespiratory stress responses to lateral recumbency and claw trimming in dairy cows     

Rizk A  Herdtweck S  Meyer H  Offinger J  Zaghloul A  Rehage J 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(10):1223-1230

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Isolation, propagation, identification and comparative pathogenicity of five Egyptian field strains of Eimeria tenella from broiler chickens in five different provinces in Egypt     

Abu-Akkada SS  Awad AM 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(1):92-95

A battery trial was conducted to evaluate the comparative pathogenicity of five field strains of Eimeria tenella from Behera, Khafr El-Sheikh, Alexandria, Gharbia and Matrouh provinces in Egypt. Two-week-old broiler chickens were infected with 25×10(3) sporulated oocysts of each strain of E. tenella. The comparative pathogenicity of the strains was assessed by calculating body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, lesion scores, dropping nature scores, cecal scrapings, mortality percentage and oocysts count. Hematological parameters including hemoglobin (Hb) content, packed cell volume (PCV%) and total erythrocytic count, were also evaluated. There were different degrees of pathogenicity between the strains.  相似文献   

5-Aminolevulinc acid increases tree yield and improves fruit quality of ‘Rabia’ and ‘Sukkariat-Yanbo’ date palm cultivars under hot arid climate     

Adel D. Al-Qurashi  Mohamed A. Awad 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

Date palms growing in hot arid regions are generally facing several kinds of environmental stresses which limit tree growth and productivity and negatively affect fruit quality. During 2009 and 2010 seasons, the effects of 5-aminolevulininc acid (5-ALA) application at different rates on yield, fruit quality, pigment contents and nutrient uptake of ‘Rabia’ and ‘Sukkariat-Yanbo’ date palm cultivars were studied. In both cultivars, the application of 5-ALA significantly increased bunch weight and yield per tree compared to control. The highest bunch weight and yield per tree was achieved by 5-ALA at 200 ppm followed by 250 ppm applied on both fruit bunches and leaves. These were reflected on higher fruit and flesh weight and fruit length, at the bisir and rutab stages. However, the application of 5-ALA at 250 ppm only on fruit bunches without leaves significantly increased bunch weight and yield per tree compared to control only in ‘Sukkariat-Yanbo’ but not in ‘Rabia’ cultivar. There were significant interaction effects between treatments and seasons on bunch weight and yield in ‘Rabia’ but not in ‘Sukkariat-Yanbo’ cultivar. The rutab % was not significantly affected by any of the applied treatments and it was higher in 2009 than in 2010 season in ‘Rabia’, however, the opposite was true in ‘Sukkariat-Yanbo’ cultivar. Most of the physical parameters of fruit quality at both the bisir and rutab stages were significantly improved in both cultivars by 5-ALA application compared to control, in contrast to the biochemical parameters that were not affected. In both cultivars, chlorophyll a concentration significantly increased by 5-ALA application especially at 200 and 250 ppm on both leaves and fruits compared to control. While chlorophyll b concentration was not significantly affected by the 5-ALA application, total chlorophyll concentration was significantly higher at 250 ppm 5-ALA application than control in both cultivars. There were no significant differences among the different rates of 5-ALA application. Chlorophyll a/b ratio was not significantly affected by 5-ALA application compared to control. The concentrations of N, P and K in the leaves of both cultivars were not significantly affected by the 5-ALA application compared to control. It was concluded that 5-ALA application has promotive effects on yield, fruit quality and chlorophyll concentration of both ‘Rabia’ and ‘Sukkariat-Yanbo’ date palms under hot arid climate.  相似文献   

Prevalence and genetic diversity of Babesia and Anaplasma species in cattle in Sudan     

Awad H  Antunes S  Galindo RC  do Rosário VE  de la Fuente J  Domingos A  El Hussein AM 《Veterinary parasitology》2011,181(2-4):146-152

Disease prevalence studies are one of the most valuable tools to demonstrate the risk or impact of certain infections in local and global economies. The data obtained in these studies contribute to develop strategies for disease control. The present study aims to provide information about the prevalence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the northern regions of Sudan. Blood samples from four different states of Sudan were collected from apparently healthy cattle (n=692), DNA was extracted and the prevalence of Babesia and Anaplasma species was analyzed by PCR. The results confirmed the presence of Babesia bigemina, Babesia bovis and Anaplasma marginale in cattle in northern Sudan with overall prevalence rates of 4.0%, 1.9% and 6.1%, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that the prevalence of B. bigemina, B. bovis and A. marginale varies significantly between Sudanese states as well as in different age groups, while gender seems not to have a significant effect on the prevalence of these pathogens among Sudanese cattle. The highest prevalence for B. bigemina was found in the Aljazirah State while the highest number of A. marginale positive samples was reported in River Nile.  相似文献