AEP – Eine automatische Entscheidungshilfe-Software für den integrierten Pflanzenschutz     

Elias?B?ckmannEmail author  Rainer?Meyh?fer 《Gesunde Pflanzen》2015,67(1):1-10

A decision support software for greenhouse plant protection has to meet several requirements in order to be accepted and applied by growers. It should comply with the different operational needs of growers and should be helpful for inexperienced growers but also optimize plant protection strategies for experienced ones. Additionally a large number of cultures and pests should be covered and implementation of new crops, beneficials, pests and insecticides must be easy. Also handling should be easy and time saving. All software parameters should be adaptable to grower specific needs. The program should not decide on the control regime but rather give recommendations and provide data storage to optimize plant protection strategies. Thereby learning effects are stimulated and motivation to adapt decision processes in plant protection practice is increased.In this article we show the structure of a decision support software (AEP—Automatische Entscheidungshilfe für den integrierten Pflanzenschutz unter Glas) and describe its functionality for the model system tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)–whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)–natural enemy (Encarsia formosa).  相似文献   

Persistent,symptomless, systemic,and seed-borne infection of lettuce by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Botrytis cinerea</Emphasis>     

Elias N. K. Sowley  Fiona M. Dewey  Michael W. Shaw 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,126(1):61-71

Experiments are presented which show that Botrytis cinerea, the cause of grey mould disease, is often present in symptomless lettuce plants as a systemic, endophytic, infection which may arise from seed. The fungus was isolated on selective media from surface-sterilised sections of roots, stem pieces and leaf discs from symptomless plants grown in a conventional glasshouse and in a spore-free air-flow provided by an isolation propagator. The presence of B. cinerea was confirmed by immuno-labelling the tissues with the Botrytis-specific monoclonal antibody BC-12.CA4. As plants grew, infection spread from the roots to stems and leaves. Surface-sterilisation of seeds reduced the number of infected symptomless plants. Artificial infection of seedlings with dry conidia increased the rate of infection in some experiments. Selected isolates were genetically finger-printed using microsatellite loci. This confirmed systemic spread of the inoculating isolates but showed that other isolates were also present and that single plants hosted multiple isolates. This shows that B. cinerea commonly grows in lettuce plants as an endophyte, as has already been shown for Primula. If true for other hosts, the endophytic phase may be as important a component of the species population as the aggressive necrotrophic phase.  相似文献   

Indigenous collaborative research for wildlife management in Amazonia: The case of the Kaxinawá, Acre, Brazil     

Pedro de Araujo Lima Constantino  Lucas Berio Fortini  Elias Sales Kaxinawa  Lucas Sales Kaxinawa  João Pereira Kaxinawa 《Biological conservation》2008,141(11):2718-2729

Wildlife is a critical food resource throughout Amazonia. Consequently, adaptive management based on continued resource evaluation is essential to ensure long-term sustainable use of Amazonian wildlife. Since 1996, the Kaxinawá people of Western Amazonia have participated in a capacity-building program focused on natural resource management leading to the development of a territorial management plan that includes monitoring of wildlife use. In this study, we report the results of collaborative management-oriented research where hypotheses designed by the Kaxinawá about game availability within their territory were supported by the analysis of self-monitoring hunting data collected through a methodology designed in collaboration with conservation biologists. Results support Kaxinawá hypotheses that: (1) there is variation of game availability among villages in Kaxinawá territory; (2) preferred game species are more available to those villages closest to the isolated headwaters; and (3) previous land and wildlife use, present density of villages, and human population density are the main factors causing observed variations of game availability. The results of this study suggest the relevance and value of long-term participatory studies to complement short-terms academic studies of biodiversity and natural resource use and management.  相似文献   

Cover crop and deep tillage on sandstone soil structure and microbial biomass     

Caroline Zanella Cagnini  Dayane Maldonado Garcia  Nilson dos Santos Silva  Elias Costa Macedo  Sílvia Graciele Hülse de Souza  Adriana Pereira Da Silva 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(7):980-993

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Simulated rainfall sequences affect germination and biomass allocation of Chihuahuan desert native plants     

David Prado-Tarango  Alicia Melgoza-Castillo  Sabry G. Elias  Eduardo Santellano-Estrada 《Arid Land Research and Management》2019,33(1):22-36

Ecological restoration of many arid zones is a pressing issue because of recurrent loss of plant cover. Here, we conducted a germination and growth study of three framework plant species, native to the Chihuahuan Desert in Northern Mexico, to optimize the establishment for arid zone restoration. The plant species were Zinnia grandiflora Nutt., Menodora scabra A. Gray, and Yucca elata (Engelm.) Engelm, which were selected for their potential for restoration as drought tolerant species. We evaluated seed germination, survival, and biomass allocation of seedlings under four (high, medium, low, and very low) simulated rainfall sequences as irrigation treatments. Rainfall sequences were obtained from a previous study that considered 35?years of precipitation records. Each sequence is accounted for 20% of probability of a wet, normal, low, or very low year in terms of precipitation occurring in the study area. Germination was conducted in controlled greenhouse conditions and seeding was done in pots containing soil mix. Sequences produced soil moisture fluctuations in which germination percent was higher for M. scabra (88%) and Z. grandiflora (31%) on the high sequence compared to the other sequences. Survival at the end of the treatments was above 80% of all the three species, and seedlings allocated more aboveground biomass as the moisture increased and more belowground biomass as moisture decreased. Implications under our study conditions include that germination of Y. elata would not be negatively affected by low soil moisture, and the best germinative results for Z. grandiflora and M. scabra would be achieved under higher soil moisture.  相似文献   

Correction to: “Current-IPM-Fit”: a new proposal for enhanced efficacy labelling of plant protection products     

Böckmann  Elias  Feldmann  Falko  Vogler  Ute 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2019,126(5):391-392

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In the original publication, old version of Table&nbsp;1 was included by mistake. The correct version of Table&nbsp;1 is given here.  相似文献   

Starch Characteristics of Waxy and Nonwaxy Tetraploid (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) Wheats     

L. A. Grant  N. Vignaux  D. C. Doehlert  M. S. McMullen  E. M. Elias  S. Kianian 《Cereal Chemistry》2001,78(5):590-595

Manufacture of pasta products is paramount for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). The recent development of waxy durum wheat containing starch with essentially 100% amylopectin may provide new food processing applications and present opportunities for value‐added crop production. This investigation was conducted to determine differences in some chemical and functional properties of waxy durum starch. Starch was isolated from two waxy endosperm lines and four nonwaxy cultivars of durum wheat. One of the waxy lines (WX‐1) was a full waxy durum wheat whereas the other line (WX‐0) was heterogeneous, producing both waxy and nonwaxy seed. Effects on starch swelling, solubility, pasting, gelatinization, and retrogradation were examined. The full waxy starch had four times more swelling power than the nonwaxy durum starches at 95°C, and was also more soluble at three of the four temperatures used. Starch pasting occurred earlier and peak viscosities were greater for starches from both waxy lines than for the nonwaxy starches, but their slurries were less stable with continued stirring and heating. Greater energy was required to melt gelatinized waxy starch gels, but no differences were found in either refrigerated storage or freeze‐thaw retrogradation, as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The results of this investigation showed some significant differences in the starch properties of the waxy durum wheat lines compared to the nonwaxy durum wheats.  相似文献   

51Cr-EDTA absorption blood test: an easy method for assessing small intestinal permeability in dogs     

Frias R  Sankari S  Westermarck E 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2004,18(2):156-159

The 51Cr-EDTA test is a valuable clinical tool for screening intestinal diseases in dogs. The test is performed by calculating the percentage of recovery from urine of a PO-ingested dose of 51Cr-EDTA after 6 or 24 hours. Careful urine collection is a practical limitation of this test in dogs, and our goal was to develop a simpler test that measures 51Cr-EDTA in blood. A 51Cr-EDTA absorption test was simultaneously performed on urine and serum 43 times in healthy Beagle Dogs. Timed blood samples were withdrawn, and urine was collected during a 6-hour period. Percentages of the ingested dose were then calculated in urine and serum. The mean +/- standard deviation (range) percentage in urine after 6 hours was 14.07 +/- 8.72% (3.81-34.18%), whereas results in serum from samples taken at 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hours were 0.49 +/- 0.45% (0.02-2.13%), 0.75 +/- 0.52% (0.03-1.89%), 0.82 +/- 0.57% (0.13-2.21%), 0.70 +/- 0.53% (0.12-1.99%), and 0.47 +/- 0.44% (0.11-1.79%), respectively. The results for blood specimens showed good concordance with those for urine, especially for the samples taken at 4 hours (r = 0.89). Moreover, the correlation between urine and blood was better when the sum of the percentages of the recovered analyte from various blood samples was compared with urine. The correlation coefficient when summing 4 blood samples was excellent (r = 0.97) and remained excellent when summing only 2 blood samples taken at 3 and 5 hours (r = 0.95) or at 3 and 4 hours (r = 0.94). We conclude that a serum 51Cr-EDTA test determined by summing successive blood samples provides an easier means of estimating small intestinal permeability in dogs and gives results comparable to those of the 6-hour urine test.  相似文献   

Intraocular localization of Onchocerca lupi adult worm in a dog with anterior uveitis: A case report          下载免费PDF全文

Anastasia Th. Komnenou  Angelos L. N. Thomas  Elias Papadopoulos  Alex F. Koutinas 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2016,19(3):245-249

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Apparent Protein and Energy Digestibility and Amino Acid Availability of Corn and Co‐products in Extruded Diets for Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus          下载免费PDF全文

Luiz Vítor Oliveira Vidal  Tadeu Orlandi Xavier  Mariana Michelato  Elias Nunes Martins  Luiz Edivaldo Pezzato  Wilson Massamitu Furuya 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2015,46(2):183-190

We assessed the nutritional value of corn in extruded diets for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, by determining the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy, and by measuring the apparent availability coefficients (AACs) of essential and non‐essential amino acids (AAs) in several corn‐based diets. We fed 180 juvenile Nile tilapia a reference diet containing 325.8 g/kg crude protein and 4613 kcal/kg gross energy or a test diet containing a 70:30 mixture of the reference diet and a test ingredient (whole corn, corn germ, corn germ meal, corn gluten feed, or corn gluten meal). The apparent digestibility coefficients ranged from 56.3 to 96.6% (dry matter), 89.4 to 96.8% (crude protein), and 59.0 to 95.4% (gross energy). The AACs of all AAs exceeded 80% for all diets and were >90% for corn gluten meal. All ingredients showed high levels of apparent digestibility for crude protein and high AACs of AAs. Diets based on whole corn or corn gluten meal showed higher digestibility values for dry matter and gross energy, suggesting that they are preferable choices for Nile tilapia.  相似文献