Comparison of glucose concentrations in canine whole blood,plasma, and serum measured with a veterinary point-of-care glucometer     

Natalie D. Suchowersky  Elizabeth A. Carlson  Hollie P. Lee  Ellen N. Behrend 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(4):695

Previous studies have determined that, compared to whole blood, serum or plasma used in a portable blood glucometer (PBG) may provide more accurate results. We investigated the accuracy of a veterinary PBG (AlphaTRAK 2; Zoetis) for the measurement of glucose concentrations in serum, plasma, and whole blood compared to plasma glucose concentration measured by a biochemical analyzer. Blood samples from 53 client-owned dogs were collected. Lin concordance correlation coefficient (ρ_c) and Bland–Altman plots were used to determine correlation and agreement between the results obtained for the different sample types. Glucose concentration in whole blood measured by the veterinary PBG was more strongly correlated with the glucose concentration measured by the biochemical analyzer (ρ_c = 0.92) compared to plasma and serum glucose concentrations (ρ_c = 0.59 and 0.57, respectively). The mean differences between the glucose concentrations in whole blood, plasma, and serum measured by the veterinary PBG and the glucose concentration determined by the biochemical analyzer were 1.0, 6.3, and 6.7 mmol/L (18, 113, and 121 mg/dL), respectively. Our findings suggest that, when using this veterinary PBG, the accuracy of a glucose measurement obtained is higher when using whole blood compared to plasma or serum. Use of whole blood allows for more correct assessment and diagnosis, which are necessary for appropriate therapeutic intervention.  相似文献   

THE INTAKE OF DRINKING WATER BY DAIRY COWS AT GRASS     

M. E. Castle  Elizabeth  Macdaid 《Grass and Forage Science》1975,30(1):7-8

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The management and treatment of environmental streptococcal mastitis.     

J Eric Hillerton  Elizabeth A Berry 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2003,19(1):157-169

Environmental streptococci are responsible for at least one third of all cases of clinical mastitis, with the proportion varying widely between herds. Each dairy farmer should know the etiology of mastitis in the herd to allow for appropriate management. Control requires lowering the prevalence of infection, and includes shortening the duration of and preventing new infections. Prompt and aggressive treatment of clinical cases may achieve a high clinical and bactriologic rate of cure. Dry-cow treatment remains highly effective in eliminating infection. Prophylactic dry-cow treatment remains of substantial benefit in preventing new intramammary infections and clinical mastitis. An internal teat sealant has shown a comparable effect in uninfected cows in field studies. Management of exposure to environmental streptococci is essential and requires assessment of the risk of exposure (especially in bedding and other lying areas), reduction of teat-end contamination, and good hygienic milking practices. The key is in the quality of application of management.  相似文献   

Experimental infection and horizontal transmission of Piscirickettsia salmonis in freshwater-raised Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

F.E. Almendras  I.C. Fuentealba  S.R.M. Jones  F. Markham  & E. Spangler 《Journal of fish diseases》1997,20(6):409-418

Experimental infections with Piscirickettsia salmonis via intraperitoneal (IP), oral (PO) and gill (GS) routes were compared, and the importance of physical contact in the horizontal transmission of this organism was investigated. Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., under-yearling parr raised in fresh water were used in this study. Samples of liver, kidney, spleen, gill and brain were collected weekly for 5 weeks after challenge, and were examined using the indirect fluorescent-antibody technique (IFAT). The pathogen was transmitted horizontally to fish with and without physical contact. However, transmission of P. salmonis occurred significantly more rapidly among fish with physical contact. Mortalities occurred in 50% of fish experimentally challenged with P. salmonis and their cohabitants. The estimates of the relative risk of dying demonstrated that fish challenged by the IP and GS routes had a significantly higher probability of dying than fish challenged by the PO route ( P < 0.005). Contact cohabitants with infected fish had a higher probability of death than non-contact cohabitants ( P < 0.005). The sequential studying using IFAT indicated that a haematogenous pattern of infection occurred among fish infected by oral and gill routes, or by cohabitation. This was different from the capsular (serosal) infection pattern observed in intraperitoneally inoculated fish. Piscirickettsia salmonis was observed within the cytoplasm of leucocytes and renal tubules, the latter indicating that elimination of this pathogen through the urine may be possible. Aeromonas salmonicida was also detected (by IFAT) in some of the fish exposed to P. salmonis , suggesting that P. salmonis may cause immunosuppression, and thus, increase the susceptibility of the host to other pathogens.  相似文献   

Acute pancreatitis in dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jennifer L. Holm  DVM    Daniel L. Chan  DVM    Elizabeth A. Rozanski  DVM  DACVECC  DACVIM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2003,13(4):201-213

Objective: To summarize current information regarding severity assessment, diagnostic imaging, and treatment of human and canine acute pancreatitis (AP). Human‐based studies: In humans, scoring systems, advanced imaging methods, and serum markers are used to assess the severity of disease, which allows for optimization of patient management. The extent of pancreatic necrosis and the presence of infected pancreatic necrosis are the most important factors determining the development of multiple organ failure (MOF) and subsequent mortality. Considerable research efforts have focused on the development of inexpensive, easy, and reliable laboratory markers to assess disease severity as early as possible in the course of the disease. The use of prophylactic antibiotics, enteral nutrition, and surgery have been shown to be beneficial in certain patient populations. Veterinary‐based studies: The majority of what is currently known about naturally occurring canine AP has been derived from retrospective evaluations. The identification and development of inexpensive and reliable detection kits of key laboratory markers in dogs with AP could dramatically improve our ability to prognosticate and identify patient populations likely to benefit from treatment interventions. Treatment remains largely supportive and future studies evaluating the efficacy of surgery, nutritional support and other treatment modalities are warranted. Data sources: Current human and veterinary literature. Conclusions: Pancreatitis can lead to a life‐threatening severe systemic inflammatory condition, resulting in MOF and death in both humans and dogs. Given the similarities in the pathophysiology of AP in both humans and dogs, novel concepts used to assess severity and treat people with AP may be applicable to dogs.  相似文献   

(Re)negotiating Gender Hierarchy in the New Order: A South Sumatran Field Study     

Elizabeth Fuller Collins 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》1996,37(2):127-138

Central to the organisation of gender roles and hierarchical structures in the traditional societies of South Sumatra (and elsewhere in Southeast Asia) is the concept/emotion of malu, which can be translated as shame, embarrassment or shyness. Malu is regarded as providing the foundation for the development of moral consciousness. It supports the hierarchical power structure of society by signalling behaviour that does not demonstrate the respect due to a superior. It also signals behaviour which is gender inappropriate. This paper, based on in­depth interviews with students and faculty at the University of Sriwijaya and the Raden Fateh IAIN, the state­supported Islamic university in Palembang, is aimed at understanding why students in South Sumatra have chosen a form of Islam that emphasises the authority of men over women and greater restraint for women, as compared to men. I argue that the New Order government and the Dakwah movement have mobilised anxiety over social change by defining women’s freedom as dangerous, thereby evoking in women the deeply rooted emotional and ethical response of malu. Thus, women in Indonesia become more important economically, they continue to accept the authority of men over women, and men’s control over the family and society is maintained.  相似文献   

Veterinary medical imaging: other considerations in critical thinking.     

I Dohoo  L Spangler  L Hammell  J Davidson  F Munroe    E Hovingh 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》1995,36(2):71-72

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Serodiagnosis of bovine paratuberculosis by use of a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

T S Woodruff  W P Shulaw  S Bech-Nielsen  G F Hoffsis  E Spangler  L E Heider 《American journal of veterinary research》1991,52(2):217-221

A dot ELISA was developed for detection of antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. The assay was evaluated by testing sera from cattle that were determined, by bacteriologic culturing of feces, to be infected with M paratuberculosis and were suspected of having clinical disease. Further evaluation involved testing sera from cattle in which M paratuberculosis had not been isolated from feces on several attempts. Results of the dot ELISA were positive for sera from 86 of 101 infected cattle, and results were negative for sera from 64 of 64 noninfected cattle. Results of conventional ELISA and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests were positive for 79 of 99 and for 51 of 101 infected cattle, respectively. The dot ELISA also was evaluated by comparing results of testing 708 sera with results of bacteriologic culturing of matched fecal samples from 262 cattle in 3 central Ohio dairy herds known to include cattle infected with M paratuberculosis. Results of the dot ELISA were positive for 25 of 39 sera from cattle with positive results on culturing of concurrently obtained fecal specimens. The dot ELISA results were negative for 661 of 669 sera from cattle with negative results to culturing of concurrently obtained fecal specimens. The 39 sera from cattle with positive results on bacteriologic culturing of matched fecal specimens had positive results for ELISA and the AGID test 25 and 14 times, respectively. The 669 sera from cattle with concurrently negative results on bacteriologic culturing of feces had negative results to ELISA and the AGID test 559 and 668 times, respectively.  相似文献   

Intravesical ureterocele with concurrent renal dysfunction in a dog: a case report and proposed classification system.     

Kevin S Stiffler  M A McCrackin Stevenson  Mary B Mahaffey  Elizabeth W Howerth  Jeanne A Barsanti 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2002,38(1):33-39

A unilateral intravesical ureterocele was diagnosed by ultrasonography in a 5-year-old female Pekingese that was referred for evaluation of increased hepatic enzymes. Ureteroceles are cystic dilatations of the submucosal portion of the distal ureter. They are frequently reported in humans but are uncommonly reported in dogs. This report describes surgical resection of the ureterocele and reduction of ipsilateral hydroureter in a dog that also had bilateral renal dysfunction and suffered progressive mild azotemia postoperatively. This report demonstrates that canine ureteroceles can occur concurrently with bilateral renal dysfunction and offers a classification system designed to encourage thorough urinary tract evaluation for determining prognosis.  相似文献   

Omentalization of the thorax for treatment of idiopathic chylothorax with constrictive pleuritis in a cat.     

Elizabeth Lafond  Walter E Weirich  S Kathleen Salisbury 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2002,38(1):74-78

A 6-year-old, spayed female Himalayan cat with idiopathic chylothorax, which failed to respond to medical management, was successfully treated by advancement of the omentum into the thorax. Exploratory thoracotomy revealed severe, constrictive pleuritis as a sequela to chylothorax. Because of the poor prognosis for recovery from chylothorax in cats with thoracic duct ligation alone, and the lack of success in performing thoracic duct ligation in this cat, the omentum was advanced into the thorax through a hole created in the diaphragm and sutured within the thoracic cavity. The cat recovered from surgery and is clinically normal 13 months postoperatively. Omental advancement may be an effective surgical management technique for this challenging disease in cats.  相似文献