Effects of postoperative administration of ketoprofen or carprofen on short- and long-term results of femoral head and neck excision in dogs     

Grisneaux E  Dupuis J  Pibarot P  Bonneau NH  Charette B  Blais D 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2003,223(7):1006-1012

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether postoperative administration of ketoprofen or carprofen had any effects on short- or long-term results of femoral head and neck excision (FHNE) in dogs. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 40 client-owned, large-breed dogs undergoing FHNE and 15 healthy large-breed dogs used as controls for hip joint angle measurements and force plate analyses. PROCEDURE: Dogs undergoing FHNE were treated with ketoprofen, carprofen, or a placebo for 21 days after surgery. Hip joint abduction and extension angles were measured at the end of surgery and 120 days later. Lameness scores were assigned, and force plate analyses were performed on days 3, 15, and 120. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among treatment groups in regard to hip joint angles or lameness scores. Force plate analysis revealed that dogs in all 3 treatment groups bore consistently less weight on the operated limb than did control dogs for the duration of the study. Dogs receiving ketoprofen had greater peak propulsive force at a walk on day 3 and greater peak vertical force at a walk on day 15 than did dogs receiving the placebo. Treatment of an acute condition and preservation of the lesser trochanter, but not postoperative analgesic administration, were positively associated with ground reaction forces on day 120. Owners of 12 of 31 dogs indicated that the dog's gait worsened for a few days after discontinuation of analgesic administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Administration of ketoprofen or carprofen after surgery was not associated with long-term results of FHNE, probably because of the impact of other factors. Because some owners noticed worsening of the lameness following cessation of analgesic administration in the present study, it is possible that longer administration would have improved long-term results.  相似文献   

Long-term monitoring of classical swine fever in wild boar (Sus scrofa sp.) using serological data     

Rossi S  Artois M  Pontier D  Crucière C  Hars J  Barrat J  Pacholek X  Fromont E 《Veterinary research》2005,36(1):27-42

In the European Community, epizootics of classical swine fever (CSF) in the wild boar (Sus scrofa) are compulsorily monitored because transmission may occur between wild boars and domestic pigs, causing heavy economic losses to the pork industry. The estimation of incidence in populations of wild boars is generally based on viroprevalence. However, viral isolation becomes rare when the incidence is low because the virus cannot be detected for more than a few weeks following infection. On the contrary, seroprevalence is detectable at low incidence levels, because antibodies can be detected for the lifetime of the infected animal. We thus attempted to analyse the long-term evolution of CSF incidence using serological data. The data came from France, where CSF had been monitored from 1992 to 2002, and where the virus has not been detected since 1997. We assumed that the overall seroprevalence would estimate the proportion of immune wild boars, that seroprevalence in juveniles would approximate incidence and that seroprevalence in different age classes would show the evolution of incidence in a given cohort. Spatial and temporal trends of incidence and seroprevalence were explored using logistic modelling and the spatial trend was analysed using polynomial regression. In 1992, incidence peaked in the northern area. After 1993, incidence decreased but remained the highest in the northern area. After 2000, no seropositive juvenile was observed, suggesting the extinction of the epizootic. Our results support the reliability of serological monitoring since it allowed a longer detection of viral transmission and provided more information on the spatio-temporal evolution of incidence than did viral isolation. We advocate that the highest persistence of infection in northeastern France is not independent from infection persistence in Reinland-Pfalz (Germany). Such persistence may be due to favourable local conditions and/or the social organisation of wild boars.  相似文献   

Genetic variability within RNA2 of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Grapevine fanleaf virus</Emphasis>     

Maruša Pompe-Novak  Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre  Jana Vojvoda  Marjanca Blas  Irma Tomažič  Emmanuelle Vigne  Marc Fuchs  Maja Ravnikar  Nataša Petrovič 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(3):307-312

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Behaviour of sulcotrione and mesotrione in two soils     

Chaabane H  Vulliet E  Calvayrac C  Coste CM  Cooper JF 《Pest management science》2008,64(1):86-93

The behaviour of sulcotrione, a recently introduced triketone herbicide, in various soil types was studied under laboratory conditions. In particular, degradation and sorption processes were examined on Ghent and Perpignan soils. Kinetics showed that the degradation of sulcotrione was influenced by biotic and/or abiotic factors. Half-lives ranged between 45 and 65 days. Among the degradation compounds identified were 1,3-cyclohexanedione (CHD) and 2-chloro-4-mesyl benzoic acid (CMBA), previously described as hydrolysis products, and, under special conditions, a derivative of phenylheptanoic acid (PHD). This new degradation product suggested that sulcotrione could follow two possible pathways in the soil, as in water. During the sorption study, a moderate retention of sulcotrione and CMBA relative to CHD and PHD, which were highly adsorbed whatever the soil type, was reported. Experiments carried out under the same conditions for sulcotrione and mesotrione, another triketone herbicide recommended in maize culture, made it possible to compare the two triketones and to conclude that they exhibited relatively similar behaviour in the soil, i.e. that their leaching potential needs to be properly addressed and risks evaluated. Copyright (c) 2007 Society of Chemical Industry.  相似文献   

Phenolic acid and flavonol water extracts of Delonix regia red flowers     

Félix A. Adjé  Yves F. Lozano  Christine Le GernevéPaul R. Lozano  Emmanuelle MeudecAugustin A. Adima  Emile M. Gaydou 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,37(1):303-310

Traditional healthy beverages in several African counties were home-made by water extraction of flowers of Delonix regia (Boj.) Raf. This tree belongs to the local biodiversity of plants used in the local medicine. It is also part of the traditional bioproducts marketed within African village communities. Scaling-up at pilot plant level, by mimicking this local recipe, lead to concentrated bioproducts containing various natural phenolic compounds, most of them have never been yet published. A three-steps process was used to prepare concentrated of water-extracted soluble phenolics. This process included: phenol extraction of dried plant by overnight diffusion in acidified water, clarification then concentration of the macerate, using membrane technology. Total phenol contents were determined as gallic acid equivalents using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Total flavonoid contents, as delphinidin equivalents, were determined using the UV-vis colorimetric method. Comparison of concentration factors of both phenol families (phenolic acids and flavonols) contained in the 3 co-products obtained during the process were made between crude extracts, cross-flow microfiltration extracts and reverse osmosis concentrated extracts. Individual phenol compounds found in the products obtained were characterized and quantified by HPLC-DAD and by HPLC-MS². Among the 11 phenol compounds identified in the water-extracts, 3 have been already identified in the literature (2 phenolic acids and 1 flavonol), and 8 new compounds, in noticeable amounts, have never been cited. We have confirmed the presence of phenolic acids such as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic (gallic acid), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic (protocatechuic acid) and of quercetin. We have characterized for the first time the presence of 2-hydroxy 5-[(3,4,5 trihydroxyphenyl) carbonyl oxy] benzoic acid and of 7 other flavonols belonging to the quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetol compound families. Using both LCMS and NMR analyses, they have been identified and quantified as: rutin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-galactoside, quercetin trihexoside, quercetin 3-O-robinobioside, kaempferol rhamnosylhexoside and isorhamnetol rhamnosyl-hexoside.  相似文献   

Deposition patterns of Fusarium graminearum ascospores and conidia within a wheat canopy     

Valentina Manstretta  Emmanuelle Gourdain  Vittorio Rossi 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2015,143(4):873-880

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Sterols from the Madagascar sponge Fascaplysinopsis sp     

Aknin M  Gros E  Vacelet J  Kashman Y  Gauvin-Bialecki A 《Marine drugs》2010,8(12):2961-2975

The sponge Fascaplysinopsis sp. (order Dictyoceratida, Family Thorectidae) from the west coast of Madagascar (Indian Ocean) is a particularly rich source of bioactive nitrogenous macrolides. The previous studies on this organism led to the suggestion that the latter should originate from associated microsymbionts. In order to evaluate the influence of microsymbionts on lipid content, 10 samples of Fascaplysinopsis sp. were investigated for their sterol composition. Contrary to the secondary metabolites, the sterol patterns established were qualitatively and quantitatively stable: 14 sterols with different unsaturated nuclei, Δ(5), Δ(7) and Δ(5,7), were identified; the last ones being the main sterols of the investigated sponges. The chemotaxonomic significance of these results for the order Dictyoceratida is also discussed in the context of the literature. The conjugated diene system in Δ(5,7) sterols is known to be unstable and easily photo-oxidized during storage and/or experiments to produce 5α,8α-epidioxy sterols. However, in this study, no 5α,8α-epidioxysterols (or only trace amounts) were observed. Thus, it was supposed that photo-oxidation was avoided thanks to the natural antioxidants detected in Fascaplysinopsis sp. by both the DPPH and β-caroten bleaching assays.  相似文献   

Soil aggregation may be a relevant indicator of nutrient cation availability     

Léa Bedel  Arnaud Legout  Anne Poszwa  Gregory van der Heijden  Mélanie Court  Noémie Goutal-Pousse  Emmanuelle Montarges-Pelletier  Jacques Ranger 《Annals of Forest Science》2018,75(4):103

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Water quality and rainbow trout performance in a Danish Model Farm recirculating system: Comparison with a flow through system     

Emmanuelle Roque d&#x;orbcastel  Jean-Paul Blancheton  Alain Belaud 《Aquacultural Engineering》2009,40(3):135-143

The objective was to compare water quality and fish growth and mortality in a pilot scale recirculating system (RS) and a control tank in flow through system (FTS). The RS was designed after the Danish Model Trout Farm and operated with a make up water renewal rate of 9 m³ kg^-1 of fish produced. RS water quality did not decrease significantly with water flow rate decrease in the RS. During the experiment, the RS water treatment system presented solids removal efficiency of 59.6 ± 27.7% d⁻¹, ammonia oxidation of 45 ± 32 g m⁻³ d⁻¹, oxygenation yield of 392 ± 132 g of O₂ kWh⁻¹ and CO₂ degassing of 23.3 ± 11.9% pass⁻¹. In the RS, nitrite concentration was 0.15 ± 0.07 mg l⁻¹, close to the toxicity threshold; a N₂ supersaturation phenomenon was measured, probably due to the air injection depth. The biofilter and sedimentation area management has to be improved to avoid organic matter decomposition and release of dissolved elements. Even if no N₂ over-saturation apparent effect on fish performance and aspect were detected, the airlift depth has to be modified in the case of industrial development of the RS. Some improvements of the water treatment system, especially on the airlift and sedimentation area, are suggested.Concerning fish growth, no significant differences were observed between the RS and the FTS. No pathologies were detected and cumulative mortality rates (0.1%) were similar to the farm's usual data. There were no significant effects of water flow rate decrease in the RS on fish performance and energy savings were recorded to be 0.7 kWh kg⁻¹ of fish produced between RS₁ and RS₂. The global energy cost of the RS was 3.56 kWh kg⁻¹ of fish produced (0.107 € kg⁻¹ of fish produced). Even if the energy consumption of the water treatment system can be improved, the results confirm that recirculating system can be used for industrial trout on growing, without fish performance deterioration.  相似文献   

The effect of density on sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) performance in a tank-based recirculating system     

Sophie Sammouth  Emmanuelle Roque d’Orbcastel  Eric Gasset  Gilles Lemarié  Gilles Breuil  Giovanna Marino  Jean-Luc Coeurdacier  Sveinung Fivelstad  Jean-Paul Blancheton 《Aquacultural Engineering》2009,40(2):72-78

Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (135 ± 4 g) were reared under tank-based recirculating aquaculture system for a 63-day period at four densities: 10, 40, 70, 100 kg m^?3. Fish performance, stress indicators (plasma cortisol, proteonemia plus other blood parameters—Na⁺, K⁺, glucose, pH, total CO₂^?) and water quality were monitored. At the end of the 63-day period, resistance to infection was also studied by a nodavirus challenge. A 25-day test was performed on fish from two extreme densities (10 and 100 kg m³) and one intermediate density (40 kg m³).With regards to the different density treatments, there was no significant difference between the daily feed intake (DFI) and the specific growth rate (SGR) up to a density of 70 kg m^?3. No significant difference was found between treatments concerning the feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the mortality rate. No density effect was observed on the fish stress level (plasma cortisol) or on sensitivity to the nodavirus challenge. Under these experimental rearing conditions, the density above 70 kg m^?3 has an impact on growth performance (DFI and SGR) indicators and also some blood parameters (CO₂) at the highest density tested (100 kg m^?3).This study suggests that a density up to 70 kg m^?3 has no influence on sea bass performance and welfare. At 100 kg m^?3, average specific growth rate was decreased by 14% without welfare deterioration according to the welfare indicators monitored.  相似文献