Cyproterone acetate-induced mammary carcinoma in two male cats     

Enrico P. Spugnini  Federica Mezzanotte  Laura Freri  Gianluca Betti  Gennaro Citro  Alfonso Baldi 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2010,12(6):515-516

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Susceptibility of grapevine viruses to thermotherapy on in vitro collection of Kober 5BB     

Alessandra Panattoni  Enrico Triolo 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010

A number of virus elimination protocols have been developed to obtain healthy plants but their success rates have been variable due to the strong virus–host relationship, treatment performances and experimental condition. An in vitro collection of plants of Vitis berlandieri × Vitis riparia Kober 5BB single-infected by Grapevine vitivirus A (GVA), Grapevine fanleaf nepovirus (GFLV), Grapevine fleck maculavirus (GFkV), Grapevine leafroll ampelovirus 1 (GLRaV-1) and Grapevine leafroll ampelovirus 3 (GLRaV-3) was established to carry out thermotherapy treatments. The experimental system allowed to control the effects of host genotype by using the same genetic background, and the environmental condition such as relative humidity, soil and temperature conditions. Trials were conducted in a growth chamber set at 37 ± 0.5 °C for 48 days using in vitro cultures for all infections. ELISA and RT-PCR were used to check sanitary conditions. Results showed complete eradication of GFLV and no effect against GFkV. Different sanitation rates were obtained for other phloematic viruses: 70.2% for GVA, 25.1% for GFLaV-1 and 24.7% for GLRaV-3. The results on phloematic viruses showed a gradient of elimination efficiency which could not be completely explained with the location of viral particles that seems to be only one of the several factors affecting virus susceptibility to heat stress. Moreover, the advantages of this experimental system provide the opportunity to obtain a greater understanding of the thermotherapeutic effects on phloematic viruses.  相似文献   

Different approaches for modeling grouped survival data: A mango tree study     

Suely Ruiz Giolo  Enrico Antonio Colosimo  Clarice Garcia Borges Demétrio 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2009,14(2):154-169

Interval-censored survival data, in which the event of interest is not observed exactly but is only known to occur within some time interval, occur very frequently. In some situations, event times might be censored into different, possibly overlapping intervals of variable widths; however, in other situations, information is available for all units at the same observed visit time. In the latter cases, interval-censored data are termed grouped survival data. Here we present alternative approaches for analyzing intervalcensored data. We illustrate these techniques using a survival data set involving mango tree lifetimes. This study is an example of grouped survival data.  相似文献   

Comparative evaluation of PRRS virus infection in vaccinated and naïve pigs     

Silvia Dotti  Enrico Sossi  Francesco Salvini  Massimo Amadori 《Research in veterinary science》2011,90(2):218-8204

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the time-course of the immune response to a field Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain in PRRS-naïve, untreated pigs, as well as in four groups of age and breed-matched pigs injected with a live attenuated PRRS vaccine, its adjuvant, an inactivated PRRS vaccine and an irrelevant, inactivated Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) vaccine, respectively. PRRSV infection was confirmed in all groups by PCR and antibody assays. The antibody response measured by ELISA took place earlier in pigs injected with the live attenuated vaccine, which also developed a much stronger serum-neutralizing antibody response to the vaccine strain. Yet, no clear protection was evidenced in terms of viremia against the field virus strain, which showed 11.1% nucleotide divergence in ORF7 from the vaccine strain. In vitro, the interferon (IFN)-γ response to PRRSV was almost absent on PVD 60 in all groups under study, whereas the prevalence of interleukin (IL)-10 responses to PRRSV was fairly high in PCV2-vaccinated animals, only. Results indicate that distinct patterns of immune response to a field PRRSV strain can be recognized in PRRS-vaccinated and naïve pigs, which probably underlies fundamental differences in the development and differentiation of PRRSV-specific immune effector cells.  相似文献   

DEGRADATION AND RECOVERY PROCESSES IN SEMI‐ARID PATCHY RANGELANDS OF NORTHERN PATAGONIA,ARGENTINA     

A. I. KR PFL  G. A. Cecchi  N. M. Villasuso  R. A. Distel 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2013,24(4):393-399

Vegetation in many arid and semi‐arid shrublands frequently occurs in patches with high plant cover (shrub patches) interspersed in a low‐cover herbaceous matrix (inter‐shrub areas). We hypothesized that (a) livestock grazing is an important determinant of such spatial patterns of vegetation, and (b) redistribution of soil resources associated with shrub patches helps in the recovery of vegetation in inter‐shrub areas. To test these hypotheses, we (a) used line transects to compare spatial variations in vegetation, soil microtopography, and soil physicochemical properties in grazed areas and areas protected from grazing since 1970, (b) added sediment and seeds to inter‐shrub areas, and (c) measured resource redistribution after a wildfire. Results were consistent with the hypotheses. They indicated greater spatial heterogeneity in vegetation, soil microtopography and soil physicochemical properties in grazed areas than in protected areas, and that addition of sediment and seeds or redistribution of soil resources from shrub patches after a wildfire enhanced re‐establishment of vegetation in degraded inter‐shrub areas. As a synthesis, a conceptual model of degradation and recovery processes in semi‐arid shrublands of Northern Patagonia is presented. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

PRIMARY IRRADIATION OF CANINE INTRACRANIAL MASSES     

Enrico P.  Spugnini DVM  Donald E.  Thrall DVM  PhD  G. Sylvester  Price DVM  PhD  Nicholas J.  Sharp BVM  PhD  Karen  Munana DVM  Rodney L.  Page DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(4):377-380

Twenty-nine dogs received primary radiation therapy for intracranial lesions and clinical signs suggestive of neoplasia. Presumptive diagnosis and tumor categorization was based on computed tomographic or magnetic resonance images. Meningioma was the most likely tumor type in 22 dogs and glioma or choroid plexus tumors were tentatively identified in 4 and 3 dogs, respectively. Cobalt-60 radiation was delivered in 3 Gy fractions on a daily, Monday-through-Friday basis for a total dose of 48 Gy (16 fractions) in 28 dogs; one dog received 54 Gy. Two of 29 dogs died during treatment of signs suggestive of progressive tumor growth but were included in the overall evaluation of response to treatment. Median overall survival was 250 days (range 21-804). Mild acute radiation effects on normal tissue developed and did not influence outcome in any dog. Late radiation effects could not be evaluated in this study. No significant predictive indicators were identified from the clinical or imaging data. Radiation therapy is superior to medical treatment of brain tumors in dogs with steroids, is useful for tumors that are not currently operable and may be preferable to surgical resection in dogs if the mass appears infiltrative. However, 22/29 (76%) dogs died of recurrent progressive neuropathy suggestive of tumor regrowth or progression. Thus, alternative methods for delivery of radiation to dogs with brain tumors or novel combinations of therapy should continue to undergo evaluation.  相似文献   

Supercritical CO2 extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum: chemical characterization and antityrosinase activity     

Marongiu B  Piras A  Porcedda S  Tuveri E  Sanjust E  Meli M  Sollai F  Zucca P  Rescigno A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(24):10022-10027

The volatile oil of the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum was extracted by means of supercritical CO2 fluid extraction in different conditions of pressure and temperature. Its chemical composition was characterized by GC-MS analysis. Nineteen compounds, which in the supercritical extract represented >95% of the oil, were identified. (E)-Cinnamaldehyde (77.1%), (E)-beta-caryophyllene (6.0%), alpha-terpineol (4.4%), and eugenol (3.0%) were found to be the major constituents. The SFE oil of cinnamon was screened for its biological activity about the formation of melanin in vitro. The extract showed antityrosinase activity and was able to reduce the formation of insoluble flakes of melanin from tyrosine. The oil also delayed the browning effect in apple homogenate. (E)-Cinnamaldehyde and eugenol were found to be mainly responsible of this inhibition effect.  相似文献   

Ganglioneuroblastoma in a cat: a rare neoplasm treated with electrochemotherapy     

Spugnini EP  Citro G  Dotsinsky I  Mudrov N  Mellone P  Baldi A 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,178(2):291-293

An 8-year-old male castrated cat was referred for sudden onset of lameness. Physical examination revealed a 1x2x1cm mass originating from a footpad of the right hind leg. A diagnosis of ganglioneuroblastoma was suggested by the tumour appearance following histopathological staining with haematoxylin and eosin and haematoxylin/van Gieson. Immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament and S100 further confirmed the diagnosis. The staging process did not indicate metastatic spread. The cat was treated with three sessions of electrochemotherapy (ECT) 1 week apart, following local injection of bleomycin. The tumour had completely regressed within 1 week of the third ECT application and remained in remission for 402 days at which time a small recurrence was noted. The animal was given a further session of ECT using intra-lesional cisplatin and again went into remission. It remained tumour free at 450 days. Electrochemotherapy is considered a safe and effective treatment for localised neoplasms of cats and dogs and warrants further investigation.  相似文献   

p62/SQSTM1 expression in canine mammary tumours: Evolutionary notes     

Francesca Mariotti  Gian Enrico Magi  Alessandra Gavazza  Silvia Vincenzetti  Andrey Komissarov  Alex Shneider  Franco Maria Venanzi 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(4):570-577

Recent studies highlighted the role of autophagy as a cardinal regulatory system for homeostasis and cancer‐related signalling pathways. In this context, the deregulated expression of p62 – Sequestosome1 (p62/SQSTM1) – a protein acting both as an autophagy receptor and signalling hub, has been associated with tumour development and chronic inflammation. Multiple clinical studies test drugs targeting autophagy, and even more research is on the way to clinical trials. However, no comparative investigations have been carried out to identify adequate preclinical models to assess p62‐based medicine. In veterinary oncology the role of p62 in cancer‐related pathways has been largely ignored. We compared p62 sequences in multiple organisms and found that canine p62 significantly diverges from the humans and from other animals sequences. Then, we chart by immunohistochemistry the expression levels of p62 in canine mammary tumours. A total of 66 tumours and 10 non‐neoplastic mammary samples were examined. The expression of p62 was higher in normal tissue and adenomas than carcinomas, with lowest levels of p62 protein detected in high grade carcinomas. In all cases examined the tumour stroma appeared to be p62‐negative. Taken together our results would suggest that in dogs the association between p62 expression and cancer cells overturns that reported in human breast carcinoma, where p62 accumulates in malignant cells as compared to normal epithelium. Thus, at least in canine mammary tumours, p62 should be not considered a tumour‐rejection antigen for an anti‐cancer immunotherapy.  相似文献   

Dynamics of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</Emphasis> seroconversion and infection in pigs in the three main production systems     

Enrico Giacomini  Nicola Ferrari  Alessandra Pitozzi  Michela Remistani  Daniele Giardiello  Dominiek Maes  Giovanni Loris Alborali 《Veterinary research communications》2016,40(2):81-88

In this study, we investigated the dynamics of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in 66 pig farms, with different production systems (one-, two-, and three-site systems), and considered different risk factors. Serological assay was used to detect serum antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) was performed to detect M. hyopneumoniae DNA in tracheobronchial swabs. Results demonstrated that M. hyopneumoniae infection status was predominantly influenced by the age of the animals and the type of production system. Infection rates were higher in older animals and the prevalence was higher in the one- and two-site systems than in the three-site systems. Dynamics of infection by RT-PCR showed that earlier M. hyopneumoniae infection on one-site farms occurs earlier, while on two- and three-site farms occurs later but spreads faster, suggesting that contact between animals of different age favors the transmission.  相似文献