Rapid, multiwell colorimetric assay for measuring neutrophil chemoattractant activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of horses with recurrent airway obstruction.     

Jean A Hall  Dana Hoyt  Clarissa Zuver  Monica M Skinner  John W Schlipf 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(3):257-263

The criteria used to diagnose recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in affected horses include demonstration of reversible lower airway obstruction and greater than 25% neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Additional objective laboratory tests are needed to improve diagnostic accuracy and to monitor response to treatment. The goal of this study was to determine if neutrophil chemoattractant activity of BALF could be measured by using a previously described, rapid, multiwell colorimetric assay for chemotaxis. In this assay, neutrophils that have migrated through a membrane filter are collected into the bottom well of a disposable chemotaxis-cell migration chamber. The number of viable cells collected in the bottom well is quantified by measurement of the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenol tetrazolium bromide (MTT), which is reduced by dehydrogenase in mitochondria of live cells. The number of migrating cells corresponds to the amount of MTT reduced, which is measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader. Fourteen adult horses were enrolled in this study, 7 of which had owner histories consistent with RAO. Each horse was sedated, a bronchoalveolar lavage tube was passed, and saline was infused and immediately aspirated. An aliquot of BALF was used for differential cell count, and BALF supernatant was harvested to assess neutrophil chemoattractant activity. Normal control horses and RAO-affected horses were distinguished according to clinical signs and percent neutrophils in BALF. Neutrophil chemoattractant activity of BALF was significantly greater in RAO-affected horses (P = 0.001) compared with control horses. This assay may be useful in future studies for monitoring response to therapy in RAOaffected horses.  相似文献   

Use of multipurpose trees in hill farming systems in Western Nepal   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Peter F. Fonzen  Erich Oberholzer 《Agroforestry Systems》1985,2(3):187-197

A large number of multipurpose trees and shrubs are deliberately retained or incorporated on farms in the subsistence farming systems on the steep slopes in parts of Nepal. Woody perennials are maintained in contour strips across the slopes and around the fields. The contribution of these trees is the production of foder and firewood and their protective function in reducing the erosion hazards and thereby making crop production possible in those steep slopes where profitable cropping would otherwise be extremely difficult. Based on a case study in two villages of the Western Development Region, this paper presents some data on basic farm management aspects, production of crops and other components, etc. of the system. The performance of the system is assessed and its merits and weakness highlighted.Although the hill farming system extends over quite a large area and accounts for a large number of Nepal's population, it has not received any research attention nor benefitted by any scientific innovations. Improvement possibilities in terms of component technologies as well as farming systems including the incorporation of the several locally available medicinal plants are indicated.  相似文献   

Detection of rhodococcus equi by microbiological culture and by polymerase chain reaction in samples of tracheobronchial secretions of foals     

Venner M  Heyers P  Strutzberg-Minder K  Lorenz N  Verspohl J  Klug E 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,120(3-4):126-133

The goal of the present study was to investigate whether new PCR-methods would improve diagnostic of R. equi. In a first step, sensitivity and specificity of the PCR-methods in respect to the"gold standard" microbiological culture were determined. Secondly, sensitivity and specificity of both microbiological methods were evaluated in respect to the clinical diagnosis. The tracheobronchial secretions of 48 foals with pulmonary abscesses and of 37 healthy foals were evaluated by bacteriological culture as well as by four PCR-methods: aceA-, ideR-, vapA- and VP-PCR. In respect to the"gold standard" microbiological culture, the sensitivity of most PCR methods lay between 63.9 and 69.4 % except the vapA-PCR (27.8 %).The specificity of all PCR methods in this comparison was between 98 to 100 %. In this analysis, clinical diagnosis had a low sensitivity (66.7 %) and a low specificity (51.0 %). In respect to the clinical diagnosis, microbiological culture sensitivity was 50.0 % and specificity 67.7 9%. In this analysis, sensitivity rates of aceA-, ideR and VP-PCR methods lay between 33.3 and 37.5 %, sensitivity of the vapA-PCR was lower (10.4 %).The specificity of all PCR methods ranged from 78.4 to 86.5 %. In conclusion, these results show that the diagnostic potential of the microbiological methods"Culture" and "PCR" is different and that for the diagnosis of R. equi-pneumonia in foals the combination of microbiological culture with PCR should be used for examination of samples of the airways of foals.  相似文献   

Observations on “Late onset disease” and Tumor Incidence in Different Strains of Laboratory Mice infected Congenitally with LCM Virus     

Erich Traub 《Zoonoses and public health》1975,22(9):764-782

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RESPONSES OF PLANKTONIC AND BENTHIC COMMUNITIES TO FERTILIZER AND FEED APPLICATIONS IN SHRIMP MARICULTURE PONDS     

John S. Rubright  Jim L. Harrell  Hoyt W. Holcomb  Jack C. Parker 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1981,12(1):281-299

An experiment was performed to evaluate the responses of naturally occurring populations of plankton and benthos to applications of inorganic fertilizer and commercial marine ration in a shrimp grow-out facility near Angleton, Texas. Ten ponds were stocked with an average of 17,000 post-larval Penaeus stylirostris on July 8, 1980. Three of these ponds received fertilizer 19 days before stocking and again 7 days after stocking. Another 3 ponds were fed daily with Ralston Purina Experimental Marine Ration 20 beginning on the stocking day. Three other ponds received the 2 fertilizer applications and daily feed. One control pond was not given fertilizer or feed. Beginning 19 days before stocking and continuing for 14 weeks, samples were collected and quantitatively analyzed for chlorophyll, zoo-plankton and benthic organisms. Results indicated that fertilizer stimulates the production of chlorophyll and planktonic copepods. Planktonic rotifers varied independently of feed or fertilizer. Densities of planktonic polychaete larvae seemed to be related to changes in the populations of benthic adult polychaetes. The benthic community was dominated by polychaetes, harpacticoid copepods and nematodes. Polychaetes tended to be more abundant when feed was present. Harpacticoids and nematodes did not seem to be affected by experimental treatments. All benthos fell to very low densities after 50 days of the study. The best shrimp production occurred in feed and fertilized ponds, followed by feed only, fertilizer only and the control. Potential linkages between natural production and shrimp growth are discussed.  相似文献   

Canine spinal meningiomas and nerve sheath tumours in 34 dogs (2008‐2016): Distribution and long‐term outcome based upon histopathology and treatment modality          下载免费PDF全文

K. Lacassagne  K. Hearon  J. Berg  B. Séguin  L. Hoyt  B. Byer  L. E. Selmic 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2018,16(3):344-351

The purpose of this retrospective, multicentre case series was to describe the outcome following surgery and/or radiation of spinal meningiomas and nerve sheath tumours (NSTs) based upon treatment modality, with a specific aim to evaluate the survival times and time to recurrence following treatment for each histopathological diagnosis. Our hypothesis was that the addition of radiation therapy modalities to treatment will yield longer time to recurrence of clinical signs and survival time. Thirty‐four dogs met the inclusion criteria of histopathologically diagnosed extramedullary spinal meningioma or NST. Sixteen extramedullary spinal meningiomas and 18 NSTs were diagnosed. A diagnosis of meningioma was associated with a significantly longer survival time compared with NSTs, with median survival times (MST) of 508 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66‐881) vs 187 days (95% CI: 76‐433; P = .02). Dogs (seven) treated with stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) for recurrence after surgery alone or SRT alone as their initial treatment gained an additional 125 to 346 days survival time.  相似文献   

Evidence for Clinical Anaplasmosis and Borreliosis in Cats in Maine     

Kris Hoyt  Ramaswamy Chandrashekar  Melissa Beall  Christian Leutenegger  Michael R. Lappin 《Topics in companion animal medicine》2018,33(2):40-44

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Ultrasonography of a ureteral and bladder fungal granuloma caused by Scedosporium apiospermum in a basset hound     

Jaya Kochenburger  Christian Eriksson  Marc Greenberg  Laura Hoyt 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2019,60(1):E6-E9

A 5‐year‐old, spayed female, Basset Hound was referred for evaluation of a urinary bladder mass. Ultrasonographic images revealed a large, inhomogeneous, hypoechoic mass associated with the dorsal wall of the neck of the urinary bladder and left ureter. Partial cystectomy and left ureteral reimplantation were performed. Histopathology showed a severe inflammatory mass lesion forming multiple granulomas. A DNA sequencing test revealed Scedosporium apiospermum as the causative agent. Susceptibility tests on the isolated strain indicated susceptibility to voriconazole. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report describing S. apiospermum as a cause of granulomas involving the canine ureterovesicular junction.  相似文献   

A novel form of intracranial coccidioidomycosis is present in dogs and exhibits characteristic clinical and magnetic resonance imaging findings     

Erich Spoor  Laura Stainback  Scott Plummer  Kim Knowles 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2019,60(1):47-55

The neurological examination findings, clinical pathology (including Coccidioides immitis IgG/IgM serology) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in 13 dogs with a novel form of intracranial coccidioidomycosis are described in a retrospective case series, with long‐term clinical resolution documented in 11/13 dogs (84.6% of cases) with oral fluconazole therapy. The medical records of the Veterinary Neurological Center in Phoenix, Arizona from the years 2000 to 2017 were utilized to search for dogs with appropriate inclusion criteria. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were highly consistent across all cases and characteristically demonstrated bilaterally symmetric T2 hyperintensity throughout the frontal lobes, caudate nuclei, and rostral internal capsule, ±faint, wispy contrast enhancement on T1‐postcontrast images. These findings were in stark contrast to previously reported MRI findings in dogs with intracranial coccidioidomycosis, which were typically characterized by a focal, strongly contrast enhancing granuloma and extensive vasogenic edema, typically unilateral. Schnauzer breeds represented eight of 13 (61.5%) cases, possibly suggesting a breed predilection. Three cases underwent repeat MRI after resolution of neurological signs and documentation of a decreased Coccidioides titer in response to fluconazole therapy. All demonstrated complete resolution of previously identified lesions, but with marked, severe atrophy of the caudate nuclei and frontal lobes bilaterally. Findings from this study document a variant appearance for intracranial coccidioidomycosis that, to the author's knowledge, has not been previously described in dogs. Authors propose that, although this variant demonstrates extensive pathological changes within the forebrain, the clinical outcome and response to treatment is favorable in a majority of cases.  相似文献   

Nutrient cycling and soil leaching in eighteen pure and mixed stands of beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies)     

Torsten W. Berger  Erich Inselsbacher  Franz Mutsch  Michael Pfeffer 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009,258(11):2578-2592

Studies on the combined effects of beech–spruce mixtures are very rare. Hence, forest nutrition (soil, foliage) and nutrient fluxes via throughfall and soil solution were measured in adjacent stands of pure spruce, mixed spruce–beech and pure beech on three nutrient rich sites (Flysch) and three nutrient poor sites (Molasse) over a 2-year period. At low deposition rates (highest throughfall fluxes: 17 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and 5 kg S ha⁻¹ year⁻¹) there was hardly any linkage between nutrient inputs and outputs. Element outputs were rather driven by internal N (mineralization, nitrification) and S (net mineralization of organic S compounds, desorption of historically deposited S) sources. Nitrate and sulfate seepage losses of spruce–beech mixtures were higher than expected from the corresponding single-species stands due to an unfavorable combination of spruce-similar soil solution concentrations coupled with beech-similar water fluxes on Flysch, while most processes on Molasse showed linear responses. Our data show that nutrient leaching through the soil is not simply a “wash through” but is mediated by a complex set of reactions within the plant–soil system.  相似文献