Classification schemes for the acidity,base saturation,and acidification status of forest soils in Switzerland     

Peter Blaser  Lorenz Walthert  Stephan Zimmermann  Elisabeth Graf Pannatier  Jörg Luster 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2008,171(2):163-170

Soil chemical parameters related to soil acidity were determined for 1450 soil samples taken from individual mineral soil horizons in 257 forest soils in Switzerland, 196 developed from carbonate‐containing and 61 from carbonate‐free parent material. The distribution of pH values and exchangeable base cations in corresponding pH ranges were related to the capacity and rate of buffer reactions in the soil. Based on this, five acidity classes for individual soil samples were defined. To describe and classify the status of soil acidity and base saturation (BS) of an entire soil body, the pH and the BS of the total fine earth in the soil were calculated from the pH and BS, respectively, of the individual soil horizons and the estimated volumetric content of fine earth. The status of soil acidification of soil profiles was assessed primarily using the total amount of exchangeable acidic cations in percent of the CEC of the fine earth in the entire soil profile. As a second factor, the gradient between the acidity class of the most acidic soil horizon and the estimated acidity class at the beginning of soil formation was used. The application of these classification schemes to our collection of soil profiles revealed the great influence played by the type of parent material. The acidification status of most soils on carbonate‐containing parent material was classified as very weak to weak, whereas soils on carbonate‐free parent material were found to be strongly to very strongly acidified. In terms of parent rock material, microclimate, and natural vegetation, the results of this study and the proposed classification schemes can be considered appropriate for large parts of Europe.  相似文献   

Soil state variables in space and time: first steps towards linking proximal soil sensing and process modelling     

Wallor  Evelyn  Kersebaum  Kurt-Christian  Lorenz  Karsten  Gebbers  Robin 《Precision Agriculture》2019,20(2):313-334

Precision Agriculture - The benefits of process-oriented modelling for management recommendations at the field scale are constrained by high spatial variability of soil properties and lack of dense...  相似文献   

Medical treatment of canine hyperadrenocorticoidism with o,p'-DDD   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M D Lorenz  D W Scott  L T Pulley 《The Cornell veterinarian》1973,63(4):646-665

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Investigations on the usefulness of the dry chemistry blood anaylsis system SPOTCHEM SP-4410in laboratory diagnosis of cattle     

Lorenz I  Aigner M  Klee W 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(1-2):51-56

The usefulness of the dry-chemistry blood analyzer, SPOTCHEM SP-4410, for analysis of bovine blood chemistry was studied in a veterinary clinic. The control serum Precipath-U, Boehringer-Mannheim, was used to measure precision within each run and between days. The coefficients of variation (CV) ranged between 1.54% and 4.86%, with the exception of albumin and creatine phosphokinase showing a CV of 6.3% and 10.03% for between-day precision. For methodological comparison bovine serum samples were assayed with both the SPOTCHEM SP-4410 and the automated blood analyzer HITACHI 705, which served as a wet-chemistry reference system. The following analytes were measured: glucose, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, total bilirubin and the enzymes AST, CPK and gamma-GT. For hemoglobin, which was measured in heparinized whole blood, the CO oximeter 855, CIBA-CORNING, was used as a reference system. The comparative analysis showed very good correlation in eight of ten parameters and their correlation coefficients (r) ranged between 0.962 and 0.998. Only the correlation coefficients of the analysis of total bilirubin (r = 0.903) and albumin (r = 0.771) were less satisfactory. The recovery test was carried out with the two parameters glucose and blood urea. The recovery of glucose was 93.7% and of urea 98.8%. The SPOTCHEM SP-4410 is easy to use and proved to be reliable and accurate, and therefore it seems to be useful for analysis of bovine blood samples.  相似文献   

Electrolyte levels in feces and urine in healthy breeding calves between the ages of 5 days to 6 months     

Lorenz I  Herrmann O  Klee W 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2001,114(3-4):88-91

In contrast to the situation in adult cattle there are high concentrations of sodium and low concentrations of potassium in the faeces of suckling calves. It was investigated in this study in which stage of the development of the ruminant these changes in electrolyte levels occur, and whether there are changes in electrolyte levels in urine as well. Samples of faeces and urine from healthy calves were examined fortnightly starting with the 5th day after birth. There was a distinct decrease in sodium concentration in faecal water within the first three weeks of life, i.e. without any relation to the intake of solid feed. However, the levels of sodium, potassium and chloride in urine samples and of potassium in faecal water increased with the development of rumination. The concentration of chloride in faeces was on a low level during the whole period of investigation.  相似文献   

Resistance of Botrytis cinerea Pers. to dicarboximide fungicides — a literature review     

E.-H. Pommer  G. Lorenz 《Crop Protection》1982,1(2):221-230

The dicarboximides (iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin) are a relatively new group of protectant fungicides which are used mainly for the control of Botrytis cinerea Pers. The literature documenting the emergence of dicarboximide-resistant Botrytis strains and the current situation, is reviewed. Although dicarboximide-resistant Botrytis can be produced readily in the laboratory, extensive monitoring did not reveal the emergence of such strains in the field until after 2–3 years of intensive use of dicarboximides. Today, resistant strains are foubd in many areas where the dicarboximides have been in constant use. Nevertheless, loss of control by these fungicides has not, so far, become a major field problem, possibly because of a loss of vigour and pathogenicity that is often linked to dicarboximide resistance in Botrytis strains. Because resistant strains also produce varying numbers of sensitive conidia, such strains are rapidly resensitized in the absence of dicarboximide fungicides. These findings suggest that the nature of dicarboximide resistance is quite different to that of carbendazim resistance, in that carbendazim-resistant Botrytis strains show no loss of vigour and are, moreover, very stable.  相似文献   

Effects of dexamethasone infusion on the plasma cortisol response to cosyntropin (synthetic ACTH) injection in normal dogs     

R J Kemppainen  F N Thompson  M D Lorenz 《Research in veterinary science》1982,32(2):181-183

Graded dosages of cosyntropin (synthetic corticotropin) were injected into groups of normal dogs on consecutive days. On the first day, cosyntropin was administered alone and, on the second, dogs were infused with dexamethasone three hours before cosyntropin injection. Adrenocortical function was assessed by sequential measurement of plasma cortisol (hydrocortisone) concentration. While no response differences were noted to the various amounts of cosyntropin injected with or without dexamethasone pretreatment, the magnitude of adrenocortical response was significantly greater in dogs infused with dexamethasone. It is concluded that dexamethasone pretreatment renders the canine adrenal cortex more responsive to a subsequent injection of cosyntropin. The combined dexamethasone infusion-cosyntropin injection test produces consistent adrenocortical responses in normal dogs, and has potential value in evaluation of adrenopathic dogs.  相似文献   

Fragile ecosystems     

Bretsky PW  Bretsky SS  Levinton J  Lorenz DM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,179(4078):1147

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Tagesperiodische Schwankungen des weißen Blutbildes und der Serumproteine bei normalen und an Leukose erkrankten Rindern     

O. C. Straub  W. Matthaeus  R. Lorenz 《Zoonoses and public health》1967,14(5):442-457

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交互式解析地形晕渲及悬崖标注   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

劳伦斯  胡尔尼/倍尔哈德  杰尼·托比阿斯  大享登/爱尔斯待  胡茨拉 《林业调查规划》2002,27(3):71-76

介绍了两套全新且改进过的数字地形的表达方法 :交互式解析地形晕渲及悬崖绘制。这两种方法在山区地图的手工制图中都有悠久的历史 ,因此它们被列入新型制图软件工具考虑之中。软件考虑的主要问题是在制图过程中如何区别对待人机交互式与全自动处理。  相似文献