Involvement of Phytophthora spp. in chestnut decline in the Black Sea region of Turkey     

S. Akıllı  Ç. U. Serçe  Y. Z. Katı rcıoğlu  S. Maden 《Forest Pathology》2012,42(5):377-386

Chestnut blight caused by Cryphonectria parasitica is a serious disease of Castanea sativa in the Black Sea region of Turkey. During disease surveys, dieback and decline symptoms were observed on trees without apparent blight and ink disease symptoms. Black necroses, similar to those caused by Phytophthora infections, were noted on some of the chestnut coppices and saplings in one nursery in Ordu and led to an investigation into this disease complex. Only symptomatic plants showing dieback symptoms were investigated. Soil samples together with fine roots were collected from two directions, north and north‐east, approximately 150 cm away from the main stems. Phytophthora spp. were baited with young chestnut leaves. Three Phytophthora spp., P. cambivora, P. cinnamomi and P. plurivora, were identified from 12 soil samples collected from 73 locations, while from the nurseries, only P. cinnamomi was obtained. Phytophthora cinnamomi was the most common species, obtained from seven locations in five provinces and from four nurseries having similar symptoms mentioned above in different locations. Phytophthora cambivora and P. plurivora were less frequently obtained, from three to two stands, respectively. Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. cambivora were the most aggressive species when inoculated at the stem base on 3‐year‐old chestnut saplings, killing six saplings of eight inoculated in 2 months. The three Phytophthora species were first recorded on chestnut in Black sea region of Turkey with the limited samples investigated in a large area about 150 000 ha chestnut forest.  相似文献   

Evaluation of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of lycorine from Sternbergia fisheriana (Herbert) Rupr   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Çitoğlu GS  Acikara OB  Yilmaz BS  Ozbek H 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(1):81-87

The present study reports the potential antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of lycorine from Sternbergia fischeriana (Herbert) Rupr. (Amaryllidaceae). Lycorine was evaluated on mice by using acetic-acid induced writhing and tail-flick tests. Lycorine exhibited stronger inhibition than aspirin in acetic-acid induced abdominal stretching at 1.0 mg/kg dose. Lycorine also showed antinociceptive activity at 1.0 mg/kg dose in tail-flick test. The anti-inflammatory activity of lycorine was not found to be significant at dose of 0.5 mg/kg. However, at doses of 1.0 mg/kg and 1.5 mg/kg, i.p. showed a significant reduction with 53.45% and 36.42%, respectively in rat paw oedema induced by carrageenan against the reference anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (3 mg/kg, i.p.) (95.70%). The ED₅₀ of lycorine was determined as 0.514 mg/kg. Hepatoprotective activity of lycorine on carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) induced acute liver toxicity following biochemical parameters were also evaluated. Rats were treated with lycorine at doses of 1.0 mg/kg and 2.0 mg/kg, i.p. Results of biochemical tests were confirmed by histopathological examination. Lycorine exhibited significant hepatoprotective effect at dose of 2.0 mg/kg i.p. dose.  相似文献   

Restriction fragment length polymorphism typing of infectious bursal disease virus field strains in Turkey     

Sareyyüpoğlu B  Akan M 《Avian diseases》2006,50(4):545-549

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Effects of constant lightness, darkness and parachlorophenylalanine treatment on tail regeneration in the lizard Ophisops elegans macrodactylus: macroscopic, biochemical and histological changes     

Turgut M  Kaplan S  Metin K  Koca YB  Soylu E  Sahin B  Ateşlier ZB  Başaloğlu HK 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2006,35(3):155-161

A better understanding of regenerative growth is very important for the development of new potential strategies. Recently, the pineal secretory product melatonin was shown to stimulate the regeneration process. In this study, we carried out an experimental investigation of tail regeneration in young adult lizards, Ophisops elegans macrodactylus Berthold, 1842, addressing the role of melatonin on the regeneration process. Lizards were divided into three groups: constant light-exposed control group (n = 13), constant dark-exposed group (n = 15) and parachlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) treatment group exposed to constant light (n = 15). Using a tail autotomy procedure, the effects of p-CPA treatment on connective tissue together with neural tissue and vascular tissue in regenerating tail in lizards were investigated. p-CPA (400 microg/kg body mass) was injected from day 0 to 30 days after autotomy. p-CPA treatment produced a significant increase in the length of the regenerated tail compared with light-exposed control and dark-exposed lizards. Total collagen content was found to be higher in p-CPA-treated animals in comparison with other groups. Histologically, a higher percentage of connective tissue and vascular tissue and a lower percentage of neural tissue were found in the regenerated tails of the p-CPA-treated lizards. Importantly, the percentage of neural tissue in lizards in the dark-exposed animals was higher than that in animals of both light-exposed and p-CPA treatment groups. Thus, it is clear that p-CPA has a stimulatory influence on fibroblast collagen production and vascularization of the regenerated tail in the lizards. Furthermore, it seems that the neural regeneration process was markedly enhanced in lizards exposed to continuous darkness. Based on the results of our study, it is suggested that melatonin may be an active factor that speeds up the rate of tail regeneration in lacertilians.  相似文献   

Failure to detect a putative oestrus-indicating pheromone in the urine or vaginal secretions of female sheep.     

K P Bland  B M Jubilan  C W Lang  M Nizamlio?lu 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》1992,40(1-2):17-25

Extensive use of gas chromatographic analysis of the volatile and non-volatile components of sheep urine and sheep vulvovaginal secretions at different stages of the oestrous cycle has not succeeded in identifying the putative oestrus-indicating pheromone produced by the ewe. However the putative pheromone is probably not a low molecular weight alcohol, diol, phenol, amine, amide, aldehyde, ketone, fatty acid or steroid.  相似文献   

Carcase characteristics of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) slaughtered at different ages     

S. Yalçin  İ. Oğuz  S. Ötleş 《British poultry science》1995,36(3):393-399

1. The present study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between slaughter ages and carcase characteristics of Japanese quail.

2. Chicks were slaughtered at 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 weeks of age. Carcase yield, carcase parts weight, weight of liver, heart, gizzard and alimentary tract were obtained. Protein, fat, dry matter and ash contents of meat were analysed for each sex.

3. Body weight and eviscerated weight were affected by age. Age had no significant effect on the weight of liver, alimentary tract, gizzard and heart. Age had first and second order polynomial effects on breast weight and relative leg weight. Meat compositions of leg and breast were significantly affected by age.  相似文献   

Can diphenhydramine prevent organophosphate-induced acute pancreatitis? An experimental study in rats     

Yusuf Yürümez  Yücel Yavuz  ?. Hakk? Çiftçi  Mehmet Emin Büyükokuro?lu 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2007,87(3):271-275

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a well known complication of organophosphate (OP) poisoning and the true incidence is unknown; but, may be more common than clinically suspected. Previous studies suggest that Diphenhydramine (DPH) may be useful as an alternative or adjunctive therapy in OP poisoning. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether DPH could prevent or diminish pancreatic damage caused by OP poisoning as defined by histologic findings, and serum interleukin 10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. Twenty-four Sprague- Dawley rats were divided into equal three groups. Group 1 did not receive any agent during the experiment. Group 2 received 0.8 g/kg fenthion subcutaneously followed by 3 ml/kg normal saline intramuscularly, 30 min later. Group 3 received 0.8 g/kg fenthion subcutaneously, followed by 30 mg/kg DPH intramuscularly, 30 min later. Twenty-four hours later, pancreatic tissues were excised and blood samples were taken. After blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture, the animals were sacrificed. Treatment with DPH significantly decreased the serum TNF-α and increased the serum IL-10 levels. DPH significantly reduced pancreatic damage, including edema, inflammation, vacuolization and necrosis, as determined by pathologic scoring. The present study show that DPH decreased the severity of OP induced AP in rats. This effects may be related to a decrease of TNF-α level and increase of IL-10 level.  相似文献   

Borax Production from Borax Slime, an Industrial Waste     

Recep Boncukcuoğlu  M. Muhtar Kocakkerim  Mahir Alkan 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1998,104(1-2):103-112

Borax slime is formed during the production of borax from tincal, which is an important borate ore. It is a liquid containing the suspanded solid particles at high levels and is formed under the rich-in-borax solution in the reactor. This waste is discharged into the Marmara Sea and so causes environmental problems in Band?rma Golf. In this work, Borax production is aimed from the slime containing B₂O₃ at important levels. As a result it was found that B₂O₃ can be recovered and therefore the B2O3 pollution can be prevented by removing it from the waste.  相似文献   

化州橘红成年态茎段离体培养的改良     

李凯  陈雄庭  洪磊  甘露 《热带生物学报》2011,(1):42-45

比较了不同大量元素以及不同的激素组合对化州橘红离体培养的影响,试验结果表明,用3/4MS培养基,其中6-BA质量浓度为0.6～0.8 mg·L-1和NAA质量浓度为0.8～1.2 mg·L-1的组合,芽的增殖率较高.当培养基中6-BA,NAA,GA3的质量浓度分别为0.3,0.6,0.3 mg·L-1时可以使丛生芽继代...  相似文献   

Dantrolene may prevent organophosphate-induced oxidative stress and muscle injury     

Mehmet Emin Büyükokuro?lu  Mustafa Cemek  Yusuf Yürümez  Yücel Yavuz 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2008,92(3):156-163

The effects of dantrolene against fenthion-induced oxidative stress and muscle injury were investigated in rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) ascorbic acid, retinol and β-carotene levels in blood were measured. Histopathological alterations and apoptosis in diaphragm were examined. Fenthion increased the level of MDA and decreased the levels of GSH in blood. Dantrolene administration prevented the rise in MDA levels and increased the GSH levels. There was no significant difference between β-carotene levels of experimental groups. However, fenthion toxicity led to decrease in ascorbic acid and retinol levels, dantrolene administration significantly prevented this decrease. Dantrolene significantly decreased the inflammation, edema and muscle necrosis or apoptosis in diaphragm muscle. Results of present study showed that toxicity of organophosphate compound fenthion increases the lipid peroxidation and depresses endogenous antioxidative systems, and leads to muscle injury in organism. Again, dantrolene administration prevents lipid peroxidation, augments antioxidant activity, and decreases muscle injury and apoptosis.  相似文献