Dicofol resistance in Tetranychus cinnabarinus: resistance and stability of resistance in populations from Antalya, Turkey     

Dağli F  Tunç I 《Pest management science》2001,57(7):609-614

Resistance against dicofol was investigated in the carmine spider mite, Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Higher resistance levels were detected by leaf residual bioassays than by topical bioassays, both done using a Potter spray tower, in almost all populations of T cinnabarinus examined from Antalya, Turkey. For instance, the resistance level at LC₉₅ was 17.5‐fold in topical bioassays but 58.9‐fold in leaf residual bioassays for the population collected from greenhouses in the Topçular district. There were differences of resistance levels at LC₉₅, ranging between 2.6‐ and 23.9‐fold using topical bioassays and between 5.0‐ and 58.9‐fold in residual bioassays, in populations collected from greenhouses from various districts. Populations from cotton showed lower resistance levels against dicofol than populations from greenhouses. Resistance to dicofol at LC₅₀ as indicated by topical and residual bioassays increased 19.7‐ and 100.7‐fold, respectively, in a colony from the laboratory strain of T cinnabarinus selected with dicofol alone for 16 cycles. However, the dicofol resistance at LC₅₀ increased 19.4‐ and 52.0‐fold in another colony selected in rotation with dicofol and tetradifon for six and eight cycles, respectively. The changes in resistance to dicofol 5 months after the selection ceased were as follows: in the colony selected for dicofol alone, using topical and residual bioassays, the resistance levels at LC₅₀ decreased to 11.7‐ and 99.1‐fold, respectively, and in the colony selected in rotation with dicofol and tetradifon to 10.8‐ and 15.8‐fold, respectively. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Ameliorative effects of dietary clinoptilolite on pathological changes in broiler chickens during aflatoxicosis   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Ortatatli M  Oğuz H 《Research in veterinary science》2001,71(1):59-66

The amelioration of aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens was examined by feeding two concentrations of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite). Clinoptilolite (ClI), incorporated into the diet at 1.5 and 2.5 per cent, was evaluated for the ability to reduce the deleterious effects of 2.5 mg total aflatoxin (AF) kg(-1)diet on growing broiler chicks from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 360 broiler chicks were divided into six treatment groups [Control, AF, CLI (1.5 per cent), AF plus CLI (1.5 per cent), CLI (2.5 per cent), and AF plus CLI (2.5 per cent)] each consisting of 60 chicks. Compared to controls, the AF consuming chicks showed increases in the relative weights of liver and kidney; and gross-histopathologic hepatic lesions such as paleness, friability, diffuse hydropic degeneration and/or fatty change, bile-duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis. Glumerular hypertrophy, increases in the number of mesengial cells and hydropic degeneration of tubuler epithelium in kidneys of chicks fed diet AF alone were also observed. Atrophy and lymphoid depletion were seen in the thymuses and bursa of Fabricius from the chicks fed AF alone. The additions of CLI (1.5 and 2.5 per cent) to the AF -containing diet moderately (significantly in some cases) decreased the number of affected broilers and/or the severity of lesions. The addition of CLI to the AF-free diet did not produce any significant changes compared with the controls. These results suggest that CLI was effective for the protection of AF-toxication in broilers and it could contribute to a solution of the AF problem in poultry production.  相似文献   

Differences in virulence of genets of Heterobasidion annosum and susceptibility of young plants of different conifer species and origins     

Refika Ceyda Beram  Ayşe Gülden Aday Kaya  Hatice Tuğba Doğmuş Lehtijärvi  Asko Lehtijärvi  Steve Woodward 《Forest Pathology》2023,53(5):e12827

Heterobasidion species are the most important pathogens causing root and stem rot on conifers in northern hemisphere forests. The host list of this complex is very wide and includes over 200 species of trees and shrubs. Among the members of this complex, Heterobasidion annosum s. s. has the largest host range. In this study, young plants of Pinus sylvestris, Picea orientalis, Abies nordmanniana, Cedrus libani and Pinus brutia (three different origins) were inoculated on the lower stem with known genets of Heterobasidion annosum s.s. collected from Pinus brutia stands in south-western Türkiye. Infection frequency, assessed as presence of the conidial stage in stem discs following incubation, in the inoculated seedlings was 100%. The Heterobasidion annosum s. s. isolates were re-isolated from all inoculated host species. Control seedlings showed no symptoms of disease. Mortality in inoculated plants was 11.5% of the 735 inoculated plants, which died over an 8-weeks incubation period. The isolates showed greater growth on Cedrus libani, Pinus sylvestris and Picea orientalis seedlings compared to other species tested. On the other hand, it was found that the least affected seedlings were Pinus brutia TB12 and Abies nordmanniana. This study proved that differences occur in aggressiveness of Heterobasidion annosum s. s. to host species. A striking point in the results is that, despite being the host species from which the isolates were obtained, Pinus brutia seedlings showed lower sensitivity to Heterobasidion annosum s. s. than the other conifer species tested. Inoculations of three different Pinus brutia provenances suggested there was no significant difference in mean lesion lengths and fungal growth values in Pinus brutia plants, except in Pinus brutia TB14, which was more susceptible to extension growth of the pathogen.  相似文献   

温室土壤-植物-环境连续体水热运移研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴文勇  杨培岭  刘洪禄 《灌溉排水学报》2002,21(1):76-79

温室栽培是节水增产的有效措施 ,对温室土壤植物环境连续体 (SPEC)水热运移的研究有助于弄清温室系统内水热的收支、运移与转化规律 ,可为温室环境控制和节水、增产和降耗提供有力的理论基础。指出了该领域的研究现状和急需解决的问题  相似文献   

Seroprevalence of malignant catarrhal fever-related gammaherpesviruses in domestic ruminants in Turkey     

Yeşlbağ K 《Tropical animal health and production》2007,39(5):363-368

The prevalence of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) virus infection in cattle, sheep and goat populations and also the prevalence of recovered and chronic MCF cases in north-western Turkey are reported. A total of 600 animals, 200 individuals of each species, located in four provinces were sampled between December 2003 and July 2005. A monoclonal antibody-based competitive inhibition (ci) ELISA were used to detect infection status of the animals. Detected antibody prevalence was 97.5%, 96.0% and 15.0% in sheep, goats and cattle, respectively. These results showed that MCF related gammaherpesvirus infections are common in north-western Turkey. There was no significant difference between prevalences detected in sheep and goats, as well as various breeds of these species. There was also no significant difference among locations. Results of this study show that sheep and goats may equally be important in the epidemiology of MCF in Turkey. Seropositivity against MCF agents among cattle was 15.0%. The results indicate that MCF infections may be maintained in intensively managed cattle herds having no close contact with small ruminants.  相似文献   

Relationships between serum serotonin and serum lipid levels, and aggression in horses     

Meral Y  Cakiroğlu D  Sancak AA  Cýftcý G  Karabacak A 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2007,114(1):30-32

Levels of serum serotonin and serum lipids--triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein, were determined in normal horses and horses diagnosed with aggression on the basis of a questionnaire survey. Blood serotonin levels in aggressive horses were found to be significantly lower than in non-aggressive horses (P < 0.01), but no association was found with respect to blood lipids.  相似文献   

Meat yields in the introduced freshwater crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana) and Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, from British waters     

M M Harlio&#;lu  & D M Holdich 《Aquaculture Research》2001,32(5):411-417

The freshwater crayfish industry in Britain is based on two species, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana) and Astacus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, which were introduced during the 1970s and 1980s. The former is widely cultivated but both are also established in the wild, from where they are harvested. Very few studies have been made of the meat yield in these two species and none on British populations. Two essentially wild populations were assessed for their meat yield. Due to its more massive claws male P. leniusculus had a higher meat yield than male and female A. leptodactylus and female P. leniusculus in both winter and summer months. Less difference was found between the yield of tail meat between the sexes and species. Compared with other studies, meat yield in the two British populations of P. leniusculus (11–15%) and A. leptodactylus (9–13%) would appear to be lower; possible reasons for this are discussed. However, expressing meat yield as a percentage of wet body weight, although useful for comparative purposes, can give conflicting results – examples of this are given. Meat yields from the claws of the two species indicated that positive allometric growth continued after sexual maturity.  相似文献   

从生态园林谈含笑属树种的应用前景   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

凌华  孙晓萍  俞仲辂  章新民 《浙江林学院学报》2001,18(3):264-266

城市园林绿化是保护和改善城市生态环境的重要手段。为达到在单位绿地面积上最大的生态效益，根据叶面积指数与生态效益的相关原理，着重阐述了常绿阔叶乔木在城市绿化中的重要作用。在总结20余引种驯化实验的基础上，推荐乐昌含笑，川含笑和灰毛含笑等10个含笑属树种在杭州城市园林绿化中推广应用。图3参5  相似文献   

模拟酸雨对中药基质土壤微生物的影响   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

张萍华  申秀英  许晓路  闵航  应君焕 《农业环境科学学报》2004,23(2):281-283

用不同pH值(2．5～5)的模拟酸雨处理中药植株白术、元胡、贝母及其基质土壤，测定土壤中微生物的数量。结果表明，各处理pH的模拟酸雨都能抑制细菌、放线菌的生长，其数量随着酸雨pH的降低而不断减少；真菌的数量随酸雨pH的降低呈现先升高后下降的趋势，当pH为2．5时，真菌的含量最低。  相似文献   

Drying temperature and relative humidity effects on wheat gluten film properties   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

Kayserilioğlu BS  Bakir U  Yilmaz L  Akkaş N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(4):964-968

The mechanical and physical properties of glycerol-plasticized wheat gluten films dried at different temperatures (20, 50, and 80 degrees C) and relative humidities (35 and 70% RH) were investigated. Dispersion of wheat gluten was prepared at pH 11 in aqueous solution. Films were obtained by casting the wheat gluten suspension, followed by solvent evaporation in a temperature and relative humidity controlled chamber. Decreasing relative humidity altered most of the mechanical properties. At 35% RH, tensile strength increased when drying temperature increased. However, at 70% RH, tensile strength decreased when temperature increased. Thickness of the films decreased by increasing temperature. Hypothetical coating strength increased with increasing drying temperature at 35% RH. However, at 70% RH, a maximum value was observed at 50 degrees C. Films produced at 80 degrees C exhibited low solubility in aqueous solution. Addition of 1.5% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate increased solubility of all of the films except the film dried at 50 degrees C and 70% RH. Overall, drying temperature and relative humidity affected mechanical and physical properties of the wheat gluten films. However, the effect of drying temperature was more pronounced than the effect of relative humidity.  相似文献