Air-assisted sprayers for application in vine,orchard and similar crops1     

H. G HLICH  H. GANZELMEIER  G. BCKER 《EPPO Bulletin》1996,26(1):53-58

Spraying in so-called space cultures (orchards, vineyards) is determined by two main aims which require contrary technical measures for their realization: (1) optimal even distribution of droplet deposition on the target. This generally requires sufficient air assistance of droplet transportation and penetration in order to bridge the distance between the nozzle outlet and the target; (2) the surplus energy which normally exists should be minimized in order to avoid any droplet flow outside the target. Several possibilities exist to approach these requirements: (1) optimal blower design and correct adjustment for each specific purpose; (2) catching and recycling of misdirected droplets by recycling units; (3) sensoring of gaps in the canopy and activation of a nozzle shut-off. The legal requirements of the BBA are given, together with the results of experiments on drift and ground deposition of chemicals from air-assisted sprayers, with special attention to recycling units and sensored sprayers.  相似文献   

A bioassay method for formulation testing and residue studies of sulfonylurea and sulfonanylide herbicides     

P. STORK  M. C. HANNAH 《Weed Research》1996,36(3):271-281

A bioassay method using the radicles of pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) was developed for the assessment of trials on herbicides of common use in the sulfonylurea class (chlorsulfuron, triasulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl) and in the sulfonanylide class (flumetsulam and metosulam). Soils within a range of pH 5.8–8.4 with textures from sand to clay were used in these experiments. The sensitivities of the species were similar in chlorsulfuron and flumetsulam trials and their response range varied with soil type and herbicide, e.g. between 0.75 and 6.0 ng triasulfuron g^?1 in the Wimmera grey clay and between 0.125 and 8.0 ng chlorsulfuron g^?1 soil in the Mallee sand. The method was demonstrated in a wide range of uses, encompassing tests of the initial bioactivity of formulations of chlorsulfuron and flumetsulam, monitoring the field leaching and persistence of triasulfuron and measuring relative potencies between the classes, using metsulfuron-methyl and metosulam. The bioassay response provided a high level of reproducibility and precision, which was measurable by the logistic curve-fitting procedure. In each case, R² values were >0.90 and lack-of-fit tests were clearly non-significant at the 0.05 level. Chi-square tests were used to measure differences between ED₅₀'s. The method does not require the pre-germination and selection of seedlings, daily watering or root-washing and results are obtained 7 days from sowing, providing favourable use for routine analyses and large-scale trials.  相似文献   

Occurrence of halo spot in barley caused by Pseudoseptoria donacis in Argentina     

M. CARMONA  D. BARRETO  C. FORTUGNO 《EPPO Bulletin》1996,26(2):437-439

Barley is an important malting crop extensively cultivated in the province of Buenos Aires (AR). In 1992, an unusual disease was detected with a prevalence of 8% on 36 commercial fields examined in this province. The pattern of the disease, the characteristics of the pathogen and the test for pathogenicity indicated that the causal agent was Pseudoseptoria donacis.  相似文献   

Effects of abiotic variables on the response of carnation cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi     

Y. BEN-YEPHET  M. REUVEN  A. ZVEIBIL  & D. SHTIENBERG 《Plant pathology》1996,45(1):98-105

The effects of abiotic variables on the response of carnation cultivars to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi ( F.o. dianthi  ) were examined in experiments conducted under semi-controlled environments. The abiotic variables examined were solar radiation intensity, temperature and growth substrate. Temperature was not controlled, but differed markedly among experiments, thus, its effect was not determined quantitatively. Disease incidence and disease severity varied significantly among the experiments (due mainly to differences in temperature), among the solar radiation treatments and among the cultivars tested. The three-way interaction term (i.e. cultivar × shade treatment × experiment) was highly significant ( P  < 0.001) when both disease incidence and disease severity were considered, indicating that no single variable was predominant in determining disease intensity. The effects of the growth substrate on disease progress was examined in plants grown in tuff or in tuff mixed with peat (1 : 1 and 1 : 3) substrates. The growth substrate had a potent effect on disease development in the less susceptible cultivars. Severe epidemics developed in all cultivars when they were grown in the tuff/peat mixture, although some were resistant when grown in tuff alone. These results led to the conclusion that the carnation response to F.o. dianthi is substantially influenced by the environmental conditions of the test.  相似文献   

In vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against Nocardia asteroides   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

S.-C. CHEN  P.-C. WANG 《Journal of fish diseases》1993,16(3):269-272

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Mesangioproliferative Glomerulonephritis in Mink with Encephalitozoonosis     

Z.-Y. Zhou  K. Nordstoga 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1993,34(1):69

Renal specimens from 6 mink with encephalitozoonosis were studied by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The glomeruli of affected kidneys had a mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis which was characterized by an increase in mesangial cells and matrix in most glomeruli. Some glomeruli were partially or completely sclerosed. There were protein or granular casts in the cortical and medullary tubules. Interstitial nephritis, vasculitis and tubular cysts were found. Electron microscopy demonstrated extensive matrix and increased cellularity in the mesangial areas. Glomeruli showed segmentally thickened or wrinkled capillary basement membranes. Electron dense deposits were found in the glomerular basement membranes and mesangium. Peroxidase-anti-peroxidase immunohistochemistry demonstrated that IgG and IgM positive material was present as granular deposits in the glomerular basement membrane and occasionally in the mesangium.  相似文献   

Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency in Danish Holstein-Friesian Cattle: I. PCR Screening and Allele Frequency Estimation     

C.B. Jrgensen  J.S. Agerholm  J. Pedersen  P.D. Thomsen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1993,34(3):231

Jergensen, C. B., J. S. Agerholm, J. Pedersen and P. D. Thomsen: Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency in Danish Holstein-Friesian Cattle I. PCR screening and allele frequency estimation. Acta vet. Scand. 1993,34,231-236.–A screening program for bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) in Danish Holstein-Friesian cattle has been initiated. During the first months 1611 animals were tested by a PCR based assay. Of these animals 1256, 346, and 8 were assigned normal, BLAD carriers, and BLAD affected animals, respectively One bull, born as a co-twin, showed weak reaction for the BLAD allele on DNA isolated from leukocytes, but a normal genotype on DNA isolated from semen. Chromosome analysis showed that this bull was a blood chimaera. Estimation of the BLAD allele frequency upon the PCR test results showed that around 450 Danish calves born in 1991 might have been affected with the recessive disorder.  相似文献   

The Occurrence of Salmonella in Airline Meals     

M. Hatakka  K. Asplund 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1993,34(4):391

The occurrence of Salmonella in airline meals was studied in 1989-1992. Samples were collected from flight kitchens in 29 countries. The material consisted of 400 cold dishes and 1,288 hot dishes as well as salads, cheese plates and desserts. Total number of samples was 2211. Salmonella spp. were isolated from 6 samples; 1 contaminated sample was a cold dish prepared in Bangkok, 1 was a hot dish prepared in Mombasa and the remaining 4 contaminated samples were hot dishes prepared within one week in Beijing. The isolated serotypes were S. ohio, S. manchester and S. braenderup. The contaminated cold dish prepared by a flight kitchen in Bangkok was found to be connected with a Salmonella outbreak which occurred in Finland in 1990. Cold airline dishes containing food of animal origin seems to be more risky as a source of Salmonella infections among airline passengers.  相似文献   

Preliminary investigations into factors that affect plasma aldosterone concentrations in horses     

P.A. Harris 《Research in veterinary science》1993,54(3):179

The effect of feeding diets with low, adequate and high sodium contents on plasma aldosterone concentrations in horses and ponies was evaluated using human immunoassay kits. The effect of moderate to high intensity exercise of up to six minutes duration on plasma aldosterone concentrations in three thoroughbred- horses was also investigated. On an adequate sodium diet plasma aldosterone concentrations increased to a peak around four hours after feeding. Little daily variation was found in the pre-feeding aldosterone concentrations over three days. Feeding additional salt resulted initially in no increase in plasma aldosterone concentrations in three out of four animals. After five days all four animals had lower pre-feeding concentrations, an increase in the magnitude of the response to feeding but a decreased rise in absolute concentration. Feeding a diet with a decreased sodium content for several months did not result in a consistent change in the pre-feeding aldosterone concentrations although there were times when all three animals showed an increase in the magnitude of the aldosterone response to feeding. No correlation between changes in the fractional electrolyte excretion values determined and alterations in aldosterone response was found. Exercise resulted in a marked increase in aldosterone concentrations. The expected biological response to feeding and exercise was demonstrated with an acceptable level of reproducibility and repeatability. Samples had similar values when assayed by either of the kits evaluated.  相似文献   

Thrombocytopenia in Cats: A Retrospective Study of 41 Cases     

Holly L. Jordan DVM    Carol B. Grindem DVM  PhD  Edward B. Breitschwerdt DVM 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1993,7(5):261-265

The prevalence of feline thrombocytopenia (<200,000 platelets/L) at North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital, from January 1985 to March 1990, was 1.2% (41/3300). Cats were divided into six categories based on clinical diagnoses: 29% (12/41) had infectious disease, 20% (8/41) had neoplasia, 7% (3/41) had cardiac disease, 2% (1/41) had primary immune-mediated disease, 22% (9/41) had multiple diseases, and 20% (8/41) had disorders of unknown etiology. The mean platelet count for all thrombocytopenic cats was 52,000/μL ± 46,000/μL (1 SD) with a range of 1000–190,000/μL. No significant differences were found between groups with respect to platelet count, packed cell volume, or white blood cell count, though anemia and leukopenia were common among the cats as a whole. Bleeding disorders (hemorrhage or thrombosis) were observed in 29% (12/41) of thrombocytopenic cats and were more likely to be associated with neoplasia, cardiac disease, and platelet counts less than or equal to 30,000/μL. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy was diagnosed in 12% (5/41) of the cats. Infections and/or neoplasia affecting the bone marrow were the most common diseases associated with thrombocytopenia. Feline leukemia virus and myeloproliferative neoplasia accounted for approximately 44% (18/41) of the specific diagnoses in thrombocytopenic cats. (Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 1993; 7:261–265. Copyright © 1993 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.)  相似文献