Bovine fetal encephalitis and myocarditis associated with protozoa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

B C Barr  M L Anderson  P C Blanchard  B M Daft  H Kinde  P A Conrad 《The Veterinary record》1990,126(5):120-121

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Use of a cyclic high-pressure sodium lamp to inhibit flowering of chrysanthemum and velvet sage     

Matthew G. Blanchard  Erik S. Runkle 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009,122(3):448-454

Photoperiod is commonly controlled in the commercial production of ornamental crops to induce or prevent flowering. Flower induction in short-day (SD) plants can be prevented or delayed when the natural daylength is short by providing low-intensity lighting during the dark period. A stationary high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamp with an oscillating aluminum parabolic reflector (cyclic HPS) has been developed to provide intermittent lighting to greenhouse crops. We determined the efficacy of a cyclic HPS lamp at preventing flowering in SD plants garden chrysanthemum [Chrysanthemum × grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam.] ‘Bianca’, pot chrysanthemum ‘Auburn’, and velvet sage (Salvia leucantha L.) relative to traditional night interruption (NI) lighting strategies. Plants were grown in a glass-glazed greenhouse at a mean daily temperature of 19.5–20.7 °C with natural SD photoperiods. NI lighting was delivered during the middle of the night (2230–0230 h) from a 600 W cyclic HPS lamp mounted at one gable end of the greenhouse or from incandescent (INC) lamps that were illuminated for the entire 4 h (CONT INC) or for 6 min every 30 min for 4 h. Plants under cyclic HPS were grown at lateral distances of 1, 4, 7, 10, or 13 m from under the lamp. Control plants were grown under an uninterrupted 15 h skotoperiod. As the distance from the cyclic HPS lamp increased from 1 to 13 m, the maximum irradiance measured during the NI decreased from 25.4 to 0.3 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ and time to visible inflorescence (VI) and the number of nodes at VI decreased. All species had a VI within 54 d, but ≤10% of plants flowered when grown at a lateral distance of 1 or 4 m from the cyclic HPS lamp or under CONT INC. Plants grown without NI had a VI 2 to 15 d earlier and flowered 7 to 24 d earlier than plants grown at 10 or 13 m from the cyclic HPS. All garden chrysanthemums flowered under cyclic INC, whereas velvet sage and pot chrysanthemum had 15% and 35% flowering, respectively. These results indicate that a cyclic HPS lamp can be used effectively to delay flower induction and prevent flowering in these species when NI is delivered at ≥2.4 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹.  相似文献   

Some factors affecting canker formation in American beech inoculated with Nectria coccinea var. faginata1     

T. A. Gotwols  R. O. Blanchard  W. C. Shortle 《Forest Pathology》1980,10(6):365-370

Combinations of Nectria coccinea var. farinata (the primary causal agent of beech bark disease), Fusarium oxysporum, and associated bacteria were inoculated into American beech trees at two sites in New Hampshire. Neither F. oxysporum nor bacteria appeared to affect the size of cankers formed. Canker size was significantly related to bark thickness at one site when only one mating type of the pathogen was inoculated alone.  相似文献   

Corrigendum to “Individual tree height increment model for managed even-aged stands of ponderosa pine throughout the western United States using linear mixed effects models” [Forest Ecol. Manage. 221 (2006) 147–154]     

Fabian C.C. Uzoh  William W. Oliver 《Forest Ecology and Management》2007

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Klima und Wald—Perspektiven für die Zukunft     

P. Fabian 《European Journal of Forest Research》1991,110(1):286-304

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Effects of moderate exercise on semen parameters and serum LH and cortisol concentrations in stallions     

R.K. Gordon  J.D. Mawyer  C.A. Cavinder  D.H. Sigler  T.L. Blanchard  C.C. Love  S.P. Brinsko  C.E. Arnold  S. Teague  M.M. Vogelsang 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

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Relationship of Sperm Quality to Fertility after 4 Days of Cooled Storage of Equine Semen     

Allison M. Kiser  Steven P. Brinsko  Charles C. Love  Dickson D. Varner  Kendrick Sudderth  Terry L. Blanchard 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

This study evaluated measures of sperm quality in relation to fertility achieved with fresh semen or semen cooled and stored. Semen from 1 stallion was collected and processed to provide 3 treatments: group 1 received fresh semen; group 2 received cooled semen containing 50% seminal plasma (SP) stored for 4 days; and group 3 received cooled semen containing 50% SP stored for 1 day, then centrifuged and resuspended in fresh extender containing 10% SP on days 1 to 3. Inseminates were evaluated for sperm motion characteristics and the percentage of sperm with intact membranes (SMI). Mares (n = 34) in estrus were treated with an ovulation-inducing drug and inseminated with 100 million membrane-intact sperm on the following day. Pregnancy status was determined via transrectal ultrasonography 2 weeks after ovulation. The mean percentage of SMI was higher in group 1 (81%, initial) than in group 2 (74%, day 4) or group 3 (74%, day 4) (P < .05). The median percentages of total sperm motility differed among the groups (77%, 5%, 59% for groups 1, 2, and 3 respectively; P < .05). Median values for the percentages of progressively motile sperm and curvilinear velocity for group 1 (55%, 216 μm/s) and 3 (37%, 186 μm/s) were higher than for group 2 (1%, 73 μm/s) (P < .05). Pregnancy rates did not differ among groups (5 of 11, 45% in group 1; 5 of 11, 45% in group 2; and 7 of 12, 58%, in group 3; P = .77). These data suggest that, at least for this stallion, sperm membrane integrity may be a more valuable means of assessing potential fertility of cooled-stored semen than sperm motion characteristics.  相似文献   

Rapid detection of pseudorabies virus genomic sequences in biological samples from infected pigs using polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

A Jestin  T Foulon  B Pertuiset  P Blanchard  M Labourdet 《Veterinary microbiology》1990,23(1-4):317-328

The presence of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) genome in infected hosts has previously been studied by standard hybridization techniques, which showed the viral genome to be present at very low levels in infected tissues. The recently introduced polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure provides an alternative and rapid means of amplifying small quantities of specific DNA sequences. We applied this technique to a study of pigs infected by PRV. The sequence selected for amplification consisted of 222 base pairs lying in the gene coding for the glycoprotein gp50. We used a pair of 20-mer oligonucleotides flanking this sequence as primer and a cloned Stu-Nde fragment containing the sequence as target DNA. To avoid the tedious DNA extraction procedure we performed PCR directly on disrupted cells and detected specific amplification after 25 cycles of PCR with the thermostable Taq DNA polymerase. Amplified products were detected by gel electrophoresis directly. Nasal samples from experimentally and naturally infected pigs were tested by this PCR technique. When compared with tissue culture and serological tests, detection by gel electrophoresis of PCR amplified fragments provided excellent specificity and sensitivity. We concluded that PCR amplification will be a valuable tool for rapid diagnosis of PRV infection in pigs, taking less than 1 h to complete.  相似文献   

Determination of a common forest life cycle assessment method for biodiversity evaluation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Susanne Winter  Fabian Brambach 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(12):2120-2132

Forest biodiversity is highly linked with the occurrence of certain forest development phases (fdp) within the forest life cycle. Generally, the disintegration phase provides the highest biodiversity. The objective of the study was to test different existing forest life cycle assessment approaches aiming at developing a common reliable fdp assessment method. We tested and compared three approaches to record fdp in beech, mixed beech and spruce forests, in managed and unmanaged forests, and in four different plot sizes ranging from 125 to 2000 m². The main results of the fdp comparison are as follows:

(1)

In approximately two thirds of the cases the three considered methods did not yield a corresponding fdp record.

(2)

Generally, the larger the plot sizes, the larger the average fdp deviation in forest reserves.

(3)

The fdp deviation is stronger in beech or spruce dominated forest reserves than in mixed beech forest reserves.

(4)

Plots of 500 m² show most distinct numbers of microhabitats corresponding to the fdp sequence within the forest life cycle.

(5)

Furthermore, the managed forests mostly show lower fdp deviation than the forest reserves.

One approach resulted in the most differentiated portrayal of the studied forest structures compared to the other two as shown by the facts that, (a) the studied forests are seen to be divided up into more fdp than when applying the other two methods, and that (b) the dominant fdp changed depending on the forest community and plot size reflecting different growth conditions and probabilities to meet large dimensioned trees during records, respectively, and (c) considering the distribution of microhabitats which are crucial for xylobiontic (saproxylic) organisms, this approach resulted in the assumed biodiversity patterns with increasing microhabitat numbers up to the disintegration phase thus it was used as a basis for the creation of an optimized fdp assessment method as a tool for common and standardized use in forest ecology and biodiversity research.  相似文献   

Pathogens as drivers of population declines: The importance of systematic monitoring in great apes and other threatened mammals     

Fabian H. Leendertz  Georg Pauli  Wayne Boardman  Heinz Ellerbrok  Sandra Junglen  Boesch Christophe 《Biological conservation》2006,131(2):325-337

Until recently, the focus of great ape behavioural and ecological research has been distinct from the focus of scientists working in medical and veterinary sciences. More scientists are calling for a connection between medical and field research due to recent disease outbreaks in great apes, including Ebola, and indications of cross-transmission of Ebola and other viruses between primates and humans. A major limitation to progress is the lack of information on infectious diseases and their transmission in wild primates. Here, we present examples of successful pathogen detection in wild great apes and describe approaches and techniques that can be used in the field, focusing in particular on investigation of deaths and non-invasive sample collection. This interdisciplinary approach is providing new insights to infectious diseases of great apes and is helping to protect the health of great ape populations. This framework can also be applied to other mammals under threat from infectious diseases, including African wild dogs, seals and Tasmanian devils. In addition to providing benefits for great ape conservation, research that integrates infectious disease with primate ecology provides insights to emerging diseases in humans and the role of disease in primate evolution.  相似文献