Segmentation applied to weather-disease relationships in South American leaf blight of the rubber tree     

Jean Guyot  Virgile Condina  Fabien Doaré  Christian Cilas  Ivan Sache 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2010,126(3):349-362

South American leaf blight (SALB) is a severe threat to world rubber production. One way of controlling it is to set up plantations in zones not conducive to the disease. Such zones are known once a plantation has been set up, but few data are available on how climate affects the disease, especially in the Amazon region. With better knowledge of conditions that are favourable to SALB epidemics it would be possible to more accurately identify risk zones in Asia and Africa, continents that are still SALB-free. Based on a trial design involving detailed and frequent observations, and with a method rarely used in plant epidemiology, the segmentation method, the results presented in this article make it possible to list, in order of importance, climatic factors that influence disease severity under conditions where the climate varies little over the year.  相似文献   

Fusarium miscanthi and other Fusarium species as causal agents of Miscanthus × giganteus rhizome rot     

Jonathan Scauflaire  Mélanie Gourgue  Guy Foucart  Fabien Renard  Frédéric Vandeputte  Françoise Munaut 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2013,137(1):1-3

In 2010, Miscanthus × giganteus rhizomes were collected from Belgian fields showing emergence reduction and were analyzed for detection and identification of fungal species. All rhizomes were infected by at least one Fusarium species, of which F. culmorum, F. miscanthi, F. crookwellense and F. graminearum were the most abundant. Results of the pathogenicity tests by soil inoculation demonstrate the ability of F. miscanthi, F. culmorum and F. avenaceum to cause rhizome rot disease under greenhouse conditions. This is the first report of F. miscanthi and other Fusarium species isolated from M. × giganteus rhizomes in Belgium.  相似文献   

Disorder of sex development (XX male, SRY negative) in a French bulldog     

Silversides DW  Benoit JM  Collard F  Gilson C 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2011,52(6):670-672

A female French bulldog was presented with an enlarged clitoris. Abdominal surgery revealed a normal uterus and gonads resembling testes. Histologically, the gonads contained seminiferous tubules. The karyotype was XX, and the SRY gene was not detected. A diagnosis of XX male, SRY negative disorder of sexual development was made.  相似文献   

Modeling water availability for trees in tropical forests     

Fabien Wagner  Bruno HéraultClément Stahl  Damien BonalVivien Rossi 《Agricultural and Forest Meteorology》2011,151(9):1202-1213

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Global analysis of Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner (Rubiaceae) from the Guineo-Congolese region reveals impacts from climatic refuges and migration effects     

Philippe Cubry  Fabien De Bellis  David Pot  Pascal Musoli  Thierry Leroy 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2013,60(2):483-501

As the second species used for commercial coffee, evaluation of Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner population genetics is a challenging task for coffee breeding. This study examined the pattern of genetic variability and genetic relationships of cultivated and wild populations of C. canephora sampled across the Guineo-Congolese region of Africa and some improved populations maintained in field genebanks. A total of 293 individuals, sampled from 17 populations, were genotyped with 39 nuclear microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity and structure were investigated with both a model-based and a graphical approach; isolation by distance was also tested. Relationships between the diversity clusters are discussed with regard to differentiation due to several glacial refuges during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). High genetic diversity within C. canephora is confirmed with a mean number of alleles of 11.85 per marker, a mean gene diversity of 0.72 and a mean observed heterozygosity of 0.36. An overall structure of two main groups (Guinean and Congolese) subdivided in six subgroups (2 for the Guinean and 4 for the Congolese) was found, including one described for the first time in the Guinean group. A fine structure within the Guinean group was also newly detected. Genetic structure of C. canephora appears to be consistent with its geographic repartition at the continent scale. Structure of diversity was found in accordance with localizations of refuge zones during LGM and migration from this period. Results from this genetic structure study raise our capabilities to better manage and use the collections of genetics resources for breeding purposes. Those results will be used in future association studies to optimize the number of genotypes to be phenotyped.  相似文献   

Cardiorespiratory parameters in the awake pigeon and during anaesthesia with isoflurane          下载免费PDF全文

Julie Botman  Alex Dugdale  Fabien Gabriel  Jean‐Michel Vandeweerd 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(1):63-71

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CHLAMYDIA AVIUM DETECTION FROM A RING-NECKED PARAKEET (PSITTACULA KRAMERI) IN FRANCE     

Benoît Pisanu  Karine Laroucau  Rachid Aaziz  Fabien Vorimore  Ariane Le Gros  Jean-Louis Chapuis  Philippe Clergeau 《Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine》2018,27(2):68-74

The crossing of host species barriers, through the spreading populations of introduced pet animals that become established in the wild, sets the stage for zoonotic pathogen (re)emergence. A literature review on pathogens that are hosted by the ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri), a worldwide introduced pet, highlighted local infections of captive birds by chlamydial agents with high sanitary risk for human health in its introduced range. We searched for these pathogens through cloacal swabs collected from 85 individuals in an invasive population established in the suburban areas of Paris (Ile-de-France) from 5 localities during the winter seasons between 2011 and 2014. Based on quantitative PCR analysis, Chlamydiaceae shedding was detected at too low levels for species identification in 5 birds, but 1 parakeet (found dead) was positive for Chlamydiaceae typed as Chlamydia avium. The only known hosts recorded for C. avium in Europe are feral pigeons (Columba livia) and captive psittacines. This result raises the question of the sanitary risks associated with new pathogen transmission from exotic pets released in the wild, which could locally affect birds and potentially people who feed birds.  相似文献   

Sugar fragmentation in the maillard reaction cascade: formation of short-chain carboxylic acids by a new oxidative alpha-dicarbonyl cleavage pathway     

Davídek T  Robert F  Devaud S  Vera FA  Blank I 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(18):6677-6684

The formation of short-chain carboxylic acids was studied in Maillard model systems (90 degrees C, pH 6-10) with emphasis on the role of oxygen and water. The total amount of acetic acid formed did not depend on the reaction atmosphere. In the presence of labeled dioxygen or water (18O2, H2 17O), labeled oxygen was partially incorporated into acetic acid. Thermal treatment of 1-deoxy-d-erythro-2,3-hexodiulose (1) and 3-deoxy-d-erythro-hexos-2-ulose in the presence of 17O-enriched water under alkaline conditions led to acetic and formic acid, respectively, as indicated by 17O NMR spectroscopy. The suggested mechanism involves an oxidative alpha-dicarbonyl cleavage leading to an intermediary mixed acid anhydride that releases the acids, e.g., acetic and erythronic acid, from 1. Similarly, glyceric and lactic acids were formed from 1-deoxy-3,4-hexodiuloses, corroborated by complementary analytical techniques. This paper provides for the first time evidence for the direct formation of acids from C6-alpha-dicarbonyls by an oxidative mechanism and incorporation of a 17OH group into the carboxylic moiety. The experimental data obtained support the coexistence of at least two newly described reaction mechanisms leading to carboxylic acids, i.e., (i) a hydrolytic beta-dicarbonyl cleavage as a major pathway and (ii) an alternative minor pathway via oxidative alpha-dicarbonyl cleavage induced by oxidizing species.  相似文献   

Short‐time clay‐mineral evolution in a soil chronosequence in Oléron Island (France)     

Laurent Caner  Emmanuel Joussein  Sébastien Salvador‐Blanes  Fabien Hubert  Jean‐Frédéric Schlicht  Nelly Duigou 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(4):591-600

Major weathering sequences in soils are well established; however, knowledge on rates of mineral transformations remains unknown, because it is often difficult to date precisely soil processes. This work was carried out on soils developed on recent (< 188 y) sand dunes on the W coast of Oléron Island (France). The coast has been protected against marine and wind erosion by constructing five consecutives barriers close to the coastline since 1820 (1820, 1864, 1876, 1889, 1948) defining the maximum age of the soil parent material, as before the areas between the barriers were under water. Soils on the older dunes have low clay content (> 94% of sand) and exhibit a bleached E horizon that overlies a yellowish brown B horizon. The process responsible for their formation is podzolization promoted by the high permeability of the material and complexing organic matter produced by coniferous vegetation. Initial mineralogy of C horizons is homogenous and constituted of chlorite, illite, illite/smectite mixed‐layer minerals, and kaolinite, quartz, calcite (≈ 8% related to shell fragments), and feldspars. The initial clay‐mineral assemblage of the E horizons is dominated by illite (well‐crystallized WCI and poorly crystallized PCI) and chlorite. With progressive podzolization, poorly crystallized illite is first transformed to illite/smectite mixed‐layer minerals and in a further step into smectite. In addition, transformation of well‐crystallized illite leads to formation of ordered illite/smectite mixed‐layer minerals in the E horizons, which is not commonly described in soils. In the B horizons, illite/smectite mixed‐layer minerals are present with traces of smectite, as well as Al and Fe oxi‐hydroxides as revealed by DCB and oxalate chemical extractions. This chronosequence illustrates that over short distances and short time (< 188 y) intense mineral weathering and soil development occur. Major clay‐mineral changes occur between 132 and 188 y in agreement with development of the pine forest producing acidic litter.  相似文献   

Bluetongue virus antibodies in wild red deer in southern Belgium     

Linden A  Mousset B  Grégoire F  Hanrez D  Vandenbussche F  Vandemeulebroucke E  Vanbinst T  Verheyden B  de Clerck K 《The Veterinary record》2008,162(14):459

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