On the chemical composition and nutritional value of pleurotus taxa growing on umbelliferous plants (apiaceae)     

La Guardia M  Venturella G  Venturella F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):5997-6002

Unpublished data on the chemical composition and nutritional value of Pleurotus mushrooms, growing on Umbelliferous plants (Apiaceae), are here reported. Cultivated basidiomata of four different Pleurotus taxa were analyzed in order to evaluate the composition in lipids, sugars, nitrogen, water, vitamins, ashes, and energetic values. The results showed that Pleurotus mushrooms are suitable in every type of diet thanks to their low caloric content, gastronomic value, vitamins, and mineral salt contents. The presence of a high content of vitamin B(12) and riboflavin in Pleurotus nebrodensis is noteworthy.  相似文献   

Analysis of cadmium translocation,partitioning and tolerance in six barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars as a function of thiol metabolism     

Souhir Sghayar  Alessandro Ferri  Clarissa Lancilli  Giorgio Lucchini  Alessandro Abruzzese  Mauro Porrini  Tahar Ghnaya  Fabio Francesco Nocito  Chedly Abdelly  Gian Attilio Sacchi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2015,51(3):311-320

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Influence of murine Toxocara canis infection on plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophil numbers and its correlation with cytokine levels     

Pecinali NR  Gomes RN  Amendoeira FC  Bastos AC  Martins MJ  Pegado CS  Bastos OM  Bozza PT  Castro-Faria-Neto HC 《Veterinary parasitology》2005,134(1-2):121-130

Toxocara canis is a nematode of the Ascaridae family that normally parasites the small intestine of canid species. Humans are accidentally infected upon ingestion of embryonated eggs, and can manifest several clinical alterations such as fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, respiratory symptoms, muscle pain and anorexia. In the present work, we investigated the kinetics of tissue distribution of L2 larva in lungs, liver, kidney, brain, skeletal muscle and myocardium. Also, we analyzed the blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) for levels of IL-6, IFN-gamma, eotaxin and Regulated on Activation Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) in experimental murine T. canis infection. We observed liver, lung and kidney lesions correlated to larva migration as early as the first day of infection. After the seventh post-infection day, larva could also be detected in brain, skeletal muscle and heart, as an indicator of biphasic migration pattern. Increased inflammatory activity was detected in BAL and plasma of infected animals, as was an intense eosinophil migration associated with an increase in the levels of all the cytokines studied. In conclusion, our results establish a tight correlation between tissue lesions caused by larva migration and increased plasma levels of pro-inflammatory and eosinophil chemotactic cytokines. Thus, murine T. canis infection may prove to be useful in understanding the role of cytokines in infection.  相似文献   

Complexities of the pathogenesis of Mannheimia haemolytica and Haemophilus somnus infections: challenges and potential opportunities for prevention?     

Czuprynski CJ  Leite F  Sylte M  Kuckleburg C  Schultz R  Inzana T  Behling-Kelly E  Corbeil L 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2004,5(2):277-282

Progress in producing improved vaccines against bacterial diseases of cattle is limited by an incomplete understanding of the pathogenesis of these agents. Our group has been involved in investigations of two members of the family Pasteurellaceae, Mannheimia haemolytica and Haemophilus somnus, which illustrate some of the complexities that must be confronted. Susceptibility to M. haemolytica is greatly increased during active viral respiratory infection, resulting in rapid onset of a severe and even lethal pleuropneumonia. Despite years of investigation, understanding of the mechanisms underlying this viral-bacterial synergism is incomplete. We have investigated the hypothesis that active viral infection increases the susceptibility of bovine leukocytes to the M. haemolytica leukotoxin by increasing the expression of or activating the beta2 integrin CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) on the leukocyte surface. In vitro exposure to proinflammatory cytokines (i.e. interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma) increases LFA-1 expression on bovine leukocytes, which in turn correlates with increased binding and responsiveness to the leukotoxin. Alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood leukocytes from cattle with active bovine herpesvirus-1 (BVH-1) infection are more susceptible to the lethal effects of the leukotoxin ex vivo than leukocytes from uninfected cattle. Likewise, in vitro incubation of bovine leukocytes with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) potentiates LFA-1 expression and makes the cells more responsive to leukotoxin. A striking characteristic of H. somnus infection is its propensity to cause vasculitis. We have shown that H. somnus and its lipo-oligosaccharide (LOS) trigger caspase activation and apoptosis in bovine endothelial cells in vitro. This effect is associated with the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates, and is amplified in the presence of platelets. The adverse effects of H. somnus LOS are mediated in part by activation of endothelial cell purinergic receptors such as P2X7. Further dissection of the pathways that lead to endothelial cell damage in response to H. somnus might help in the development of new preventive or therapeutic regimens. A more thorough understanding of M. haemolytica and H. somnus virulence factors and their interactions with the host might identify new targets for prevention of bovine respiratory disease.  相似文献   

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha enhances Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide-induced apoptosis of bovine endothelial cells     

Sylte MJ  Kuckleburg CJ  Leite FP  Inzana TJ  Czuprynski CJ 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,110(3-4):303-309

Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide (LOS)-induced apoptosis of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells has been shown previously to be dependent on capsase-8 activation. Activation of caspase-8 can occur via a death receptor-dependent mechanism (e.g., TNF- binding to TNF- receptor 1 (TNF-R1)). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that TNF- can enhance LOS-induced apoptosis of bovine endothelial cells. Addition of exogenous recombinant human TNF- alone failed to cause apoptosis, or enhance LOS-induced apoptosis, of bovine endothelial cells. However, blocking de novo protein synthesis by addition of cycloheximide significantly enhanced apoptosis of bovine endothelial cells by TNF-, LOS or TNF- and LOS in combination. Conversely, addition of soluble recombinant human (sTNF-R1) diminished LOS-induced apoptosis. Overall, these data suggest that LOS-mediated apoptosis may be due, in part, to activation of a TNR-R1-dependent death pathway.  相似文献   

Severe weight loss in lambs infected with Giardia duodenalis assemblage B     

Aloisio F  Filippini G  Antenucci P  Lepri E  Pezzotti G  Cacciò SM  Pozio E 《Veterinary parasitology》2006,142(1-2):154-158

An outbreak of giardiasis was observed in a sheep farm in Central Italy. Infected lambs (30-90 days of age) showed a malabsorption syndrome, decreased weight gain and impairment in feed efficiency. The most relevant clinical sign was the excretion of malodorous and poorly formed faeces, whereas diarrhoea was rarely observed in the flock. Laboratory investigations revealed the presence of Giardia in affected animals, while no other significant viral, bacterial or parasitic pathogens were identified in faeces or tissue samples. A mild to severe infiltrative enteritis with eosinophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells was detected in histological sections of the gut. Giardia parasites collected from duodenal aspirates were typed as Giardia duodenalis Assemblage B, by PCR amplification and sequencing of the TPI gene. Treatment with fenbendazole at a dose of 10mg/kg for 3 consecutive days, successfully cleared the infection. These results show that G. duodenalis can cause significant economic losses in sheep farming.  相似文献   

Diversity of Paenibacillus durus strains isolated from soil and different plant rhizospheres evaluated by ARDRA and gyrB-RFLP analysis     

Julia Peixoto de Albuquerque  Fabio Faria da Mota  Irene von der Weid  Lucy Seldin   《European Journal of Soil Biology》2006,42(4):200-207

Strains belonging to Paenibacillus durus isolated from the rhizosphere of various grasses and from bulk soil were previously divided into five phenotypic groups (A1–A5) based on the fermentation pattern of six carbohydrates (A1: sorbitol (+), A2: dulcitol and tagatose (+), A3: starch and glycogen (+), A4: starch, glycogen and d-arabitol (+) and A5: negative for these carbohydrates). This study aimed to assess whether plant types select for specific P. durus phenotypic groups. For that purpose, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of part of genes encoding 16S rRNA (ARDRA) and DNA gyrase subunit B (gyrB-RFLP) were used to produce genetic fingerprints. ARDRA and gyrB-RFLP data were clustered together to generate a dendrogram and two main clusters were observed. Cluster I showed a predominance of strains isolated from wheat, maize and sugarcane rhizospheres. Strains isolated from maize were distributed among the five patterns of carbohydrate metabolism, while strains isolated from sugarcane showed to be predominantly able to metabolize starch and glycogen. Neither sorbitol- nor arabitol-metabolizing strains were found in cluster II, which consisted of strains isolated from soil and from all plant species used. Our results suggest that the plants influenced the diversity of P. durus in their rhizospheres.  相似文献   

Efficacy of an avirulent live vaccine against Lawsonia intracellularis in the prevention of proliferative enteropathy in experimentally infected weanling foals     

Pusterla N  Vannucci FA  Mapes SM  Nogradi N  Collier JR  Hill JA  Difrancesco M  White AM  Akana NK  Simonek G  Gebhart CJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(5):741-746

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Procalcitonin gene expression after LPS stimulation in the porcine animal model     

Zannoni A  Giunti M  Bernardini C  Gentilini F  Zaniboni A  Bacci ML  Forni M 《Research in veterinary science》2012,93(2):921-927

Procalcitonin (PCT), recognised as a marker of sepsis, was investigated in a porcine model of endotoxic shock. The results showed that continuous IV infusion (1-4 h) of LPS (40 μg/kg) in pigs was able to induce a generalised increase of PCT expression in lung, heart, kidney and liver. The increase in PCT was significant only in kidney and was accompanied by an increase in IL-6 gene expression. In vitro results demonstrated that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), as well as endothelial cells, were potentially capable of contributing to in vivo extrathyroidal PCT production. These findings support previous data from pigs concerning the occurrence of widespread activation of PCT extrathyroidal gene expression during endotoxic shock in pigs. Nevertheless, the levels of PCT detected were very low, suggesting the need for additional studies to validate the pig as a reliable animal model for investigating the role of PCT in sepsis.  相似文献   

Soil enzymatic activities and microbial biomass in an integrated agroforestry chronosequence compared to monoculture and a native forest of Colombia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Victoria E. Vallejo  Fabio Roldan  Richard P. Dick 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(6):577-587

Large tracts of land in South American native forests have been converted to monoculture for livestock production which could negatively affect soils and environmental quality. A proposed management alternative is to use agroforestry systems, but little information is available on how they affect the soils. The objective was to assess the effect of a silvopastoral chronosequence in a tropical region of Colombia on soil microbiological and physico/chemical properties. The systems (three replications) were: monoculture grass conventional pasture (CP), native forest (F), and a silvopastoral system (SS) chronosequence with ages of 3 to 6 (SS₃), 8 to 10 (SS₈), or 12 to 15 (SS₁₂) years. Soil responses to these land management were determined by measuring soil chemical (total C and pH), physical (penetrometer resistance and bulk density), and microbiological properties (activities of ß-glucosidase, urease, and alkaline and acid phosphatase and microbial biomass). Because of differences in soil texture across management treatments, microbiological properties were normalized on organic C content basis. SS₁₂ showed the highest microbial biomass and enzyme activities on a per unit C basis and was consistently and significantly different from CP. Additionally, microbiological to C ratios were significantly affected by SS establishment age (P?相似文献