全文获取类型
收费全文 | 305篇 |
免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 22篇 |
农学 | 8篇 |
基础科学 | 3篇 |
71篇 | |
综合类 | 40篇 |
农作物 | 17篇 |
水产渔业 | 21篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 88篇 |
园艺 | 30篇 |
植物保护 | 27篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 7篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 19篇 |
2019年 | 11篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 16篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 14篇 |
2013年 | 18篇 |
2012年 | 22篇 |
2011年 | 28篇 |
2010年 | 20篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 21篇 |
2007年 | 22篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 8篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 1篇 |
2000年 | 1篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有327条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
271.
The application of density fractionation is an established technique, but studies on short‐term dynamics of labile soil fractions are scarce. Objectives were (1) to quantify the long‐term and short‐term dynamics of soil C and N in light fraction (LFOC, LFON, ρ ≤ 2.0 g cm–3) and microbial biomass C (Cmic) in a sandy Cambisol as affected by 28 y of different fertilization and (2) to determine the incorporation of C4‐C into these labile fractions during one growing season of amaranth. The treatments were: straw incorporation plus application of mineral fertilizer (MSI) and application of farmyard manure (FYM) each at high (MSIH, FYMH, 140–150 kg N ha–1 y–1) and low (MSIL, FYML, 50–60 kg N ha–1 y–1) rates at four field replicates. For all three sampling dates in 2008 (March, May, and September), stocks of LFOC, LFON and Cmic decreased in the order FYMH > FYML > MSIH, MSIL. However, statistical significance varied markedly among the sampling dates, e.g., with LFOC being significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) in the order given above (sampling date in March), significantly different depending on the fertilizer type (May), or nonsignificant (September). The high proportion of LFOC on the stocks of soil organic C (45% to 55%) indicated the low capacity of soil‐organic‐matter stabilization on mineral surfaces in the sandy Cambisol. The incorporation of C4‐C in the LFOC during one growing season of amaranth was small in all four treatments with C4‐LFOC ranging from 2.1% to 3.0% of total LFOC in March 2009, and apparent turnover times of C3‐derived LFOC ranged from 21 to 32 y for the sandy soils studied. Overall, our study indicates that stocks of LFOC and LFON in a sandy arable soil are temporarily too variable to obtain robust significant treatment effects of fertilizer type and rate at common agricultural practices within a season, despite the use of bulked six individual cores per plot, a common number of field replicates of four, and a length of treatments (28 y) in the order of the turnover time (21–32 y) of C3‐derived LFOC. 相似文献
272.
Early on, researchers of evolutionary biology recognised that heterogeneity in the mating environment is an important source of variation in mating patterns. Focusing on the mating environment, we assessed the effect of conspecific tree density on mating patterns in the naturally scattered forest tree Sorbus domestica L. In an area of more than 100 km2, we mapped and genotyped all 189 adult trees and performed a paternity analysis on seeds produced by single mothers. Despite a self-incompatibility system, average selfing rate was 31.9%, but with high variation among mother trees. Over 70% of this variation was explained by local density of conspecifics (i.e. within a radius of 300 m), with isolated trees being more prone to selfing. While we detected high selfing rates in progeny, adult trees showed no signs of inbreeding. As almost all inbreeding in the offspring could be attributed to self-fertilisation, we hypothesise that there is strong selection against selfed individuals. The effective reproductive output of isolated trees, which mainly self, is therefore greatly reduced. These findings have important consequences for the management of naturally scattered, insect-pollinated temperate tree species, often belonging to the family of Rosaceae. For these species, local density of conspecifics should be maintained above a certain threshold (i.e. 0.05 trees/ha in S. domestica), to avoid negative fitness consequences from selfing. 相似文献
273.
Cândido TC Perri SH Gerzoschkwitz Tde O Luvizotto MC de Lima VM 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,157(3-4):175-181
This study evaluated the performance of crude total antigen (CTA) and fucose-mannose ligand antigen (FML) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). The assays used sera from known negative controls (n=30), clinically symptomatic (n=30) and oligosymptomatic (n=30) parasitologically proven infection (by microscopy). Aspirates of popliteal lymph node from infected canines were colleted to score parasitism and compared with the ELISA results. The study indicated that FML used in ELISA provided high sensitivity for detecting oligosymptomatic dogs (90%) and CTA showed greater sensitivity than FML for symptomatic canines (90%). In oligosymptomatic dogs, specificity was 100% for CTA-ELISA, but in symptomatic dogs, FML specificity was higher (96.7%) than CTA-ELISA (93.3%). A significant correlation was observed between the degree of parasitism and the results obtained in CTA-ELISA. Since no available antigen offers 100% specificity and sensitivity for CVL diagnosis, the choice of antigen used must depend on the aim of the investigation. 相似文献
274.
Differences in protein expression in midgut tissue of uninfected and Babesia bovis-infected southern cattle ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, were investigated in an effort to establish a proteome database containing proteins involved in successful pathogen transmission. The electrophoretic separation of midgut membrane proteins was greatly improved by using liquid-phase isoelectric focusing combined with one-dimensional or two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. A selection of differentially expressed proteins were subjected to analysis by capillary-HPLC-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). Among the identified Babesia-affected tick midgut proteins were six proteins that are implicated in signaling processes, including three Ca(2+)-binding proteins, a guanine nucleotide-binding protein, a protein with signal peptide activity and a translocon-associated receptor protein. Up-regulation of five metabolic enzymes indicated parasite-induced changes in electron and proton transport, protein processing and retinoic acid metabolism. Among the down-regulated proteins were a molecular chaperone, a cytoskeletal protein and a multifunctional protein of the prohibitin family. Identification of these proteins may provide new insights into the molecular interactions between B. bovis and its tick vector, and could lead to identification of anti-tick and transmission-blocking vaccine candidates. 相似文献
275.
Xavier Moll Adria Aguilar Felix García Rosa Ferrer Anna Andaluz 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2018,45(2):135-144
Objective
To assess the validity and reliability of Doppler ultrasonography (DOP) as compared with invasive arterial blood pressure measurements in anaesthetized dogs weighing less than 5 kg.Study design
Controlled, prospective, clinical study.Animals
A total of 41 privately owned dogs weighing less than 5 kg.Methods
The dogs were anaesthetized, and an intra-arterial catheter was placed aseptically in the dorsal pedal artery of the pelvic limb to perform invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurement. The contralateral metatarsal surface of the foot was clipped in order to perform DOP. Both techniques were used to record blood pressure measurements every 5 minutes during surgical procedures. The blood pressure measurements were categorized into two groups: hypotensive [mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 60 mmHg] and normotensive (MAP between 60 and 120 mmHg). A linear mixed model was used to compare the DOP and IBP values. The results were evaluated according to the requirements of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) guidelines for the validation of devices.Results
DOP provided higher values compared to the systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) and MAP of IBP measurements. The closest agreement between the two techniques was found for SAP; the bias was 8.8, and limits of agreement (LOA) were –32.9 and 50.4. Similar results were observed when the IBP technique was categorized. The closest agreement was for SAP in animals categorized as normotensive; the bias was 8.2, and LOAs were –32.8 and 49.2. The level of agreement between DOP and IBP did not meet the ACVIM recommendations.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Our results suggest there is poor agreement between DOP and IBP measurements in anaesthetized dogs weighing less than 5 kg. Hence, the use of DOP in these animals could be misleading. 相似文献276.
Application of an electronic micropenetrometer to assess mechanical stability of biological soil crusts 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
An in situ determination of biological soil‐crust stability was carried out in two study sites along a sharp rainfall gradient. Penetration resistance (PR) of the crusts was measured using a newly developed light‐weight needle‐type electronic micropenetrometer. The depth‐related PR data revealed two sections possessing different structures and stability. The topcrust (0–2 mm) had significantly higher amounts of N, organic C, carbonates, and salts as compared to the underlain subcrust. The mean PR of the topcrust was 0.68 MPa for the southern study site, Nizzana‐South (≈ 100 mm annual rainfall), and it increased significantly for the northern study site, Nizzana‐69 (≈ 170 mm annual rainfall), with a mean of 1.11 MPa. A subcrust (2–30 mm) was identified that was characterized by a high amount of carbonates and a PR > 2 MPa. The electronic micropenetrometer system is a promising device for identifying areas of changing crust stability in relation to biological soil‐crust properties. The overall stability of biological soil crusts depends on the topcrust and subcrust structure. This structure is linked to abiotic and biotic factors and likely in relation to the amount of annual precipitation. 相似文献
277.
Using remote-sensing data to assess habitat selection of a declining passerine at two spatial scales
Nica Huber Felix Kienast Christian Ginzler Gilberto Pasinelli 《Landscape Ecology》2016,31(9):1919-1937
Context
Detailed information on habitat needs is integral to identify conservation measures for declining species. However, field data on habitat structure is typically limited in extent. Remote sensing has the potential to overcome these limitations of field-based studies.Objective
We aimed to assess abiotic and biotic characteristics of territories used by the declining wood warbler (Phylloscopus sibilatrix), a forest-interior migratory passerine, at two spatial scales by evaluating a priori expectations of habitat selection patterns.Methods
First, territories established by males before pairing, referred to as pre-breeding territories, were compared to pseudo-absence control areas located in the wider forested landscape (first spatial scale, Nterritories = 66, Ncontrols = 66). Second, breeding territories of paired wood warblers were compared to true-absence control areas located immediately close-by in the forest (second spatial scale, Nterritories = 78, Ncontrols = 78). Habitat variables predominantly described forest structure and were mainly based on first and last pulse lidar (light detection and ranging) data.Results
Occurrence of pre-breeding territories was related to vegetation height, vertical diversity and stratification, canopy cover, inclination and solar radiation. Occurrence of breeding territories was associated to vegetation height, vertical diversity and inclination.Conclusions
Territory selection at the two spatial scales addressed was governed by similar factors. With respect to conservation, habitat suitability for wood warblers could be retained by maintaining a shifting mosaic of stand ages and structures at large spatial scales. Moreover, leaf-off lidar variables have the potential to contribute to understanding the ecological niche of species in predominantly deciduous forests.278.
Santos-Doni Thaís Rabelo Viol Milena Araúz Lima Valéria Marçal Felix Oliveira Bruno César Miranda Matos Lucas Vinicius Shigaki da Costa Alvimar José Gomes Jancarlo Ferreira Bresciani Katia Denise Saraiva 《Veterinary research communications》2022,46(1):109-120
Veterinary Research Communications - The aim of this study was evaluating the association and correlation between the diagnostics tests used for Leishmania spp. detection in dogs and ticks. We... 相似文献
279.
Anita C. Risch Linda M. Nagel Martin Schütz Bertil O. Krüsi Felix Kienast und Harald Bugmann 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》2003,122(4):219-230
Zusammenfassung: Die traditionelle land- und forstwirtschaftliche Nutzung dürfte im Alpenraum in der näheren Zukunft wirtschaftlich bedingt immer häufiger aufgegeben werden. Dieser Trend wird mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit die Dynamik von Gebirgsökosystemen und damit das Landschaftsbild stark beeinflussen. Aus diesem Grund stieg in den letzten Jahrzehnten das Interesse, die Sukzession auf nicht mehr bewirtschafteten Flächen zu verstehen. Die Bestandesstruktur und -entwicklung von subalpinen Fichtenwäldern (Picea abies L.) wurde bereits intensiv untersucht; über Entwicklungsprozesse in zentralalpinen Bergföhren- (Pinus montana Miller) und Arven-/Lärchenwälder (Pinus cembra L./Larix decidua L.) ist hingegen nur wenig bekannt. Der seit 1914 vom Menschen nur noch touristisch genutzte Schweizerische Nationalpark (SNP) ist eines der wenigen Gebiete in Westeuropa, welches über längere Zeit nicht bewirtschaftet wurde. Der Park bietet daher die einzigartige Möglichkeit, die Veränderungen in Bestandesstruktur und -zusammensetzung nach Bewirtschaftungsaufgabe zu beobachten. Wir verglichen historische (1957) und aktuelle (2001/02) Daten von 19 Beständen, welche zu drei verschiedenen Bestandestypen gehören: Bergföhre, Mischbestand und Arve. In den letzten 45 Jahren nahm die totale Stammzahl in allen drei Bestandestypen um 45 bis 57% und die Jungbaumzahl pro Hektar um 64 bis 76% signifikant ab, was vor allem auf den starken Rückgang der lichtbedürftigen Bergföhre zurückzuführen ist. Parallel zu dieser Entwicklung, nahm die Menge an liegendem Totholz in allen Bestandestypen von weniger als 4t/ha auf 36 bis 67,7t/ha zu, während die Anzahl toter Bäume pro Hektar um 72 bis 94% abnahm. Die Biomasse des stehenden Totholzes (t/ha) hat sich hingegen nur leicht verändert. Unsere Resultate beschreiben die sukzessionale Entwicklung von subalpinen Wäldern der Zentralalpen und zeigen, wie sich Wälder in ähnlichen Berggebieten in der nahen Zukunft entwickeln könnten.
Summary: Since traditional agriculture and forestry are no longer economically viable in many regions of the European Alps, subalpine forests will become less managed or completely abandoned in the near future. Therefore, the interest in understanding how forest stands will develop after abandonment has increased considerably over the past two decades. While much is known about stand structure and stand development of Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) forests, almost no knowledge is available about the same processes in forest communities of the Central Alps. In the Swiss National Park (SNP), the forested area is comprised of mountain pine (Pinus montana Miller), Swiss stone pine/larch, (Pinus cembra L./Larix decidua L.). and mixed stands. When the Park was founded in 1914 all management activities were stopped. Therefore, this area offers the opportunity to study stand development and changes in stand structure after abandonment. We compared historic (1957) and present data (2001/02) from 19 stands that were grouped into characteristic stand types: mountain pine, mixed, and stone pine. We detected significant decreases in total tree density (stem/ha) and sapling density (saplings/ha) of 45 to 57%, and 64 to 76%, respectively, over the 45 years of observation for all stand types. These changes were strongly related to decreases in the number of shade intolerant mountain pine trees. Simultaneously, the amount of non-standing woody residue increased from less than 4t/ha to 36 to67.7 t/ha, and the density of standing dead wood (stems/ha) decreased significantly between 72 and 94%. The biomass of standing dead wood (t/ha), however, changed only slightly between 1957 and 01/02. Our results describe the successional development of continental subalpine forests after abandonment and outlines changes that might take place in similar areas in the near future.相似文献
280.
Objectives— To evaluate intraoperative irradiation (IORT) as a method of limb spare with preservation of the radiocarpal joint.
Study Design— Prospective case series.
Animals— Dogs (n=5) with stage II sarcoma of the distal aspect of the radius.
Methods— A bone segment containing the tumor was isolated surgically, treated by IORT, reimplanted, and secured by internal fixation. In 1 dog, the postradiation tumor bed was curetted and filled with bone cement. Dogs were administered alternating adriamycin and carboplatin starting 2 weeks after IORT and monitored at regular intervals.
Results— Four dogs had osteosarcoma and 1 had undifferentiated sarcoma. Implant failure (n=3), deep tissue infection (3), and pathologic fracture (3) resulted in amputation (3) or pancarpal plating (2). The dog with undifferentiated sarcoma was euthanatized because of suspected tumor recurrence 4 months postoperatively. Osteotomy healing was documented by radiography (1), histopathology (2), or by direct observation (2).
Conclusions— A technique for limb-sparing surgery of the distal portion of the radius in dogs using IORT had advantages include healing of the autograft and a source for a perfectly fitting autograft but did not appear to offer any advantage with respect to infection rate. Long-term preservation of the radiocarpal joint was not successful.
Clinical Relevance— It was not possible to preserve the function of the radiocarpal joint and so this technique cannot be recommended currently. Further study is needed to evaluate whether or not IORT can be considered in combination with pancarpal plating and possibly curettage and cementation of the tumor to prevent subchondral bone collapse. 相似文献
Study Design— Prospective case series.
Animals— Dogs (n=5) with stage II sarcoma of the distal aspect of the radius.
Methods— A bone segment containing the tumor was isolated surgically, treated by IORT, reimplanted, and secured by internal fixation. In 1 dog, the postradiation tumor bed was curetted and filled with bone cement. Dogs were administered alternating adriamycin and carboplatin starting 2 weeks after IORT and monitored at regular intervals.
Results— Four dogs had osteosarcoma and 1 had undifferentiated sarcoma. Implant failure (n=3), deep tissue infection (3), and pathologic fracture (3) resulted in amputation (3) or pancarpal plating (2). The dog with undifferentiated sarcoma was euthanatized because of suspected tumor recurrence 4 months postoperatively. Osteotomy healing was documented by radiography (1), histopathology (2), or by direct observation (2).
Conclusions— A technique for limb-sparing surgery of the distal portion of the radius in dogs using IORT had advantages include healing of the autograft and a source for a perfectly fitting autograft but did not appear to offer any advantage with respect to infection rate. Long-term preservation of the radiocarpal joint was not successful.
Clinical Relevance— It was not possible to preserve the function of the radiocarpal joint and so this technique cannot be recommended currently. Further study is needed to evaluate whether or not IORT can be considered in combination with pancarpal plating and possibly curettage and cementation of the tumor to prevent subchondral bone collapse. 相似文献