Landscape-scale modelling of agroforestry ecosystems services in Swiss orchards: a methodological approach     

Sonja Kay  Josep Crous-Duran  Silvestre García de Jalón  Anil Graves  João H. N. Palma  José V. Roces-Díaz  Erich Szerencsits  Robert Weibel  Felix Herzog 《Landscape Ecology》2018,33(9):1633-1644

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Long‐term Effects of Pyrethrin and Cyfluthrin,a Type II Synthetic Pyrethroid,Insecticide Applications on Bull Reproductive Parameters          下载免费PDF全文

JL Stewart  CF Shipley  FA Ireland  VL Jarrell  CL Timlin  DW Shike  TL Felix 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2016,51(5):680-687

The objectives of this study were to determine effects of cyfluthrin and pyrethrin spray products, used in combination with cyfluthrin topical and ear tag applications, on bull reproductive parameters over 18 weeks. Angus or Angus x Simmental bulls were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (i) no exposure to pyrethrins/cyfluthrin (CONT; n = 10), (ii) cyfluthrin ear tag and topical applications (ET; n = 10), or (iii) cyfluthrin ear tag, topical, premise spray and pyrethrin fog spray applications (ET+S; n = 8). Bull body weight was measured every 3 week, and body condition score and scrotal circumference were recorded on weeks 0, 9 and 18. Semen and serum were collected every 3 weeks for sperm evaluation and testosterone measurement, respectively. There was a treatment × week interaction (p < 0.01) for sperm with primary defects; bulls in CONT group had a greater (p = 0.01) percentage of sperm with primary defects than bulls treated with insecticides at week 18. Overall and progressive sperm motility, normal sperm morphology, secondary sperm defects and serum testosterone concentrations changed (p < 0.01) over time in all bulls; however, treatment did not affect (p ≥ 0.13) any of these parameters. There were also no treatment effects (p ≥ 0.08) on bull body weight, body condition score or scrotal circumference. The use of pyrethrin‐ and cyfluthrin‐based insecticides, regardless of application, did not negatively affect reproductive parameters in beef bulls when administered over 18 weeks.  相似文献   

Two methods to adapt the human haemoglobin–oxygen dissociation algorithm to the blood of white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) and to determine the accuracy of pulse oximetry          下载免费PDF全文

Agnes Haymerle  Felix Knauer  Chris Walzer 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2016,43(5):566-570

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Postamputation Orthopedic Surgery in Canine Amputees: Owner Satisfaction and Outcome     

Elena T. Contreras  Deanna R. Worley  Ross H. Palmer  Felix M. Duerr 《Topics in companion animal medicine》2018,33(3):89-96

Surgical management of postamputation orthopedic disease (PAOD) in canine amputees has rarely been documented, and no reports describing outcome of stifle surgery in canine amputees are available. The objective of this multisite retrospective case series was to describe cases and evaluate satisfaction with and outcome of postamputation orthopedic surgery in canine amputees. Data was obtained through medical records and owner survey responses; data included signalment, amputation cause, diagnosis, surgical treatment, timeframes, and outcome assessment. Outcome was categorized as acceptable or unacceptable, and complications were classified as catastrophic, major, or minor. Eleven thoracic limb amputees and 6 pelvic limb amputees with surgically treated PAOD were identified. Surgically treated PAOD was reported at a median of 9.7 months (range 0.5-110 months) after amputation. All 17 amputees were treated for pelvic limb disease, predominantly for cranial cruciate ligament disease that occurred in 11 of 17 dogs. Major complications following orthopedic surgeries performed in 3 thoracic limb amputees consisted of infection (n?=?2) and uncontrolled pain (n?=?1). No major complications were reported following orthopedic surgeries performed in pelvic limb amputees. Acceptable mid-to-long-term outcome was achieved in 16 of the 17 canine amputees. Surgical treatment of pelvic limb disease did not appear to be associated with a high number of major complications in this case series. These findings suggest that orthopedic surgery, specifically stifle surgery, in canine amputees might be considered a feasible treatment option. Although there are inherent methodological limitations of retrospective studies and owner surveys, our case series provides new information that might help guide surgical treatment decisions in canine amputees suffering from orthopedic disease. Prospective studies using objective outcome measures evaluating surgical management of PAOD are necessary to confirm the provided information.  相似文献   

A concept of Gleyization and its role in the pedogenesis     

Felix R. Zaidelman 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(5):323-335

Three simple factors ‐ excessive moistening, anaerobic microflora and organic matter, are indispensable and sufficient conditions for gley formation. This process is always characterised by a non‐silicate iron loss from the soil fine earth or soil plasma. Gley formation takes place under conditions of stagnant or stagnant‐percolative water regimes.

In the second case gley formation induces a drastic acidification of the mineral soil part, lessivage, removal of iron, aluminium, calcium, magnesium, bleaching of the soil fine earth, and it appears the features of soil with eluvial, acid, bleached horizons. Therefore soils with such horizons should be regarded as manifestations of gley formation in conditions stagnant ‐percolative water regime on acid, neutral or leached parent material. Under influence of stagnant water regimes Fe of mineral substrat is removed and unconsiderable eluviation of Ca and Mg takes place. pH of parent material does not change or has the trend to increase. In this case does not arise a soil with bleached horizons.  相似文献   

Soil physical properties of selected soil series in relation to compaction and erosion on farmers’ fields at Abeokuta,southwestern Nigeria     

Titilayo Sotona  Felix Kolawole Salako 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(6):841-857

This study evaluated physical properties of selected soil series and their implications on the soil compaction and erosion in Abeokuta, southwestern Nigeria. Daily rainfall data (1999–2007) were collected to estimate the rainfall erosivity. Seven soil series (Iwo, Iseyin, Ekiti, Jago, Okemesi, Apomu, and Egbeda) were sampled from 0–15, 15–30, and 30–50 cm depths for particle size distribution, organic carbon, pH, upper plastic limit, and compactibility (Proctor test). Microtopographical changes along and across toposequences of two farmers’ fields cleared mechanically and manually, respectively, were monitored using the erosion pin method. Mean annual erosivity (EI30) was high (7646 MJ mm ha^?1 hr^?1). Particle size, organic carbon, and pH were similar (p ≥ 0.05), while upper plastic moisture was ≤?2% among different soil series. Soil-moisture density curves indicated a maximum bulk density of 1.77–1.99 g cm^?3 for a moisture range of 7.6–14%; while the soils were prone to compaction at low moisture content. Microtopographic changes were found between –2 and 0 cm and –8 and –2 cm on mechanically and manually cleared farmland, respectively. Spatial dependence showed that the soil erosion could be predicted within 5–8 m distance. To avoid erosion and compaction, soil water content should be less than 7.6% before the introduction of mechanical tillage.  相似文献   

Weed control and autumn-olive affect early growth and survival of black walnut in a hardwood clearcut     

Ponder  Felix 《New Forests》1988,2(3):195-201

Eight years after planting in a hardwood clearcut, black walnut trees in plots with weed control had significantly better survival and were taller and larger in diameter than those in plots without weed control. Planting autumn-olive with walnut also significantly increased height and diameter of the walnuts but did not affect their survival.  相似文献   

Struktur und Langzeitentwicklung von subalpinen Pinus montana Miller und Pinus cembra L. Wäldern in den zentraleuropäischen Alpen     

Anita C.?RischEmail author  Linda M.?Nagel  Martin?Schütz  Bertil O.?Krüsi  Felix?Kienast  Harald?Bugmann 《European Journal of Forest Research》2003,122(4):219-230

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Long-term adaptation potential of Central European mountain forests to climate change: a GIS-assisted sensitivity assessment   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Felix Kienast  Bogdan Brzeziecki  Otto Wildi 《Forest Ecology and Management》1996,80(1-3):133-153

An ecological risk assessment is described for determining the adaptation potential of the approximately 11 000 Swiss Forest Inventory points (FIP) to a hypothetically changing climate. The core of the study is a spatially explicit forest community model that generates estimates of the potential natural vegetation for the entire potential forest area of Switzerland under today's as well as under altered climate regimes. The model is based on the Bayes formula. The probabilities of the communities occurring along ecological gradients are derived from empirical data featuring the relationships between quasi-natural vegetation types and measured site variables. Bioclimatological input variables are the quotient between July temperature and annual precipitation (model version A) or mean annual temperature (model version B). Other site variables include aspect, acidity of top soil and, to account for continentality, geographical region. Climate change scenarios are defined as follows: ‘Moderate climate change’ implies an increase of the mean annual temperature of 4°C to 1.4°C depending on the region (model version B) or an increase of the July temperature of 1.5°C (model version A). ‘Strong climate change’ implies an increase of the mean annual temperature of 2°C to 2.8°C (model version B) or an increase of the July temperature of 3.0°C (model version A).

The simulation experiment showed that the geographical distribution of 15 potential natural forest types (distinguished on the basis of floristic affinities) varies considerably with changing temperature. Under moderate warming 30–55% of the FIP change their potential natural vegetation type, whereas under strong climate change the values increase to 55–89% depending on the model version used. In the ecological risk assessment the existing tree species composition on any FIP was compared with the expected tree species composition under today's as well as under altered climate regimes. A major finding indicated that, under the current climate conditions, approximately 25–30% (depending on the model version used) of all FIP must be considered as poorly adapted, i.e. less than 20% of the actual basal area consists of tree species that are expected as dominating taxa. This definition applies for trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 12 cm. Moderate warming increases the percentage of poorly adapted FIP by 5–10% (relative to all FIP considered), strong warming leads to a 10–30% increase of poorly adapted FIP (relative to all FIP considered). If trees with a DBH < 12cm are considered, the percentage of FIP that have to be classified as poorly adapted is reduced significantly. There are strong regional differences as exhibited in risk maps of 10 km × 10 km resolution.  相似文献   

SV2 is the protein receptor for botulinum neurotoxin A     

Dong M  Yeh F  Tepp WH  Dean C  Johnson EA  Janz R  Chapman ER 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5773):592-596

How the widely used botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A) recognizes and enters neurons is poorly understood. We found that BoNT/A enters neurons by binding to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2 (isoforms A, B, and C). Fragments of SV2 that harbor the toxin interaction domain inhibited BoNT/A from binding to neurons. BoNT/A binding to SV2A and SV2B knockout hippocampal neurons was abolished and was restored by expressing SV2A, SV2B, or SV2C. Reduction of SV2 expression in PC12 and Neuro-2a cells also inhibited entry of BoNT/A, which could be restored by expressing SV2 isoforms. Finally, mice that lacked an SV2 isoform (SV2B) displayed reduced sensitivity to BoNT/A. Thus, SV2 acts as the protein receptor for BoNT/A.  相似文献