Risk factors associated with colic in horses     

Gonçalves S  Julliand V  Leblond A 《Veterinary research》2002,33(6):641-652

Many factors have been identified as risk factors for colic in horses in several epidemiological studies. The aim of our paper was to review the results of 12 epidemiological studies, in order to assess the impact of each risk factor for colic. According to the literature, the factors that increase the risk of colic are feeding practices (type and quality of food, type and changes of feeding), the intrinsic factors of horses (sex, age and breed), management (type and changes of housing and activity), medical history (a previous colic, administration of a medical treatment) and parasite control (the presence of worms and type of deworming program). Several individual factors were incriminated as risk factors by all the studies. Nevertheless, the different studies did not always agree on the role of other risk factors. The conclusions were tightly related to several criteria in the selection of the study population, like the type of the epidemiological study, the number and the origin of horses included and the location of the study.  相似文献   

Monoclonal gammopathies in the dog: a retrospective study of 18 cases (1986-1999) and literature review     

Giraudel JM  Pagès JP  Guelfi JF 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2002,38(2):135-147

Eighteen dogs with monoclonal gammopathies were evaluated retrospectively. Most of the cases were associated with lymphoproliferative tumors (i.e., nine multiple myelomas, one Waldenstr?m's macroglobulinemia, one lymphoma, one chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and one mucocutaneous plasmacytoma). The prevalence of nonmyelomatous monoclonal gammopathies (28%) was also significant (three leishmaniasis and two ehrlichiosis). Presenting complaints and clinical signs often were nonspecific or related to bleeding diathesis. Significant laboratory findings included proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and anemia. Some unusual features were also observed: a multiple myeloma with immunoglobulin M secretion, another myeloma with two narrow spikes on the electrophoretic pattern, and a mucocutaneous plasmacytoma secreting an immunoglobulin G paraprotein.  相似文献   

Quarter milk somatic cell count in infected dairy cows: a meta-analysis     

Djabri B  Bareille N  Beaudeau F  Seegers H 《Veterinary research》2002,33(4):335-357

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects associated with intramammary infection (IMI) by a bacterium or a group of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, coliforms, Staphylococci other than S. aureus, and Corynebacterium bovis) on the somatic cell count (SCC) in quarter milk of dairy cows. Papers selected for analysis had to provide SCC values associated with the natural infection in quarters by different bacteria. Sampling for measurement of SCC and determination of the infection had to be done on the same day. Only papers published in English or in French after 1971 were considered. Twenty-one papers fulfilled the selection criteria. The animals sampled, the measurement techniques for SCC and the bacteriological identification, as well as the definition of the infection, all differed widely among the selected studies. The meta-analysis method was used to estimate both the mean SCC (arithmetic and geometric) value and the average increase on SCC of each type of infection. The geometric mean SCC in bacteriologically negative quarters was 68 000 c/mL. In case of IMI, the retained SCC was 357 000, 857 000, 547 000, 1 024 000, 1 151 000, 138 000 and 105 000 c/mL in quarters infected by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, coliforms, staphylococci other than S. aureus and Corynebacterium bovis, respectively. The variation factors that could influence these SCC values and the bacteriological results are discussed.  相似文献   

Urinary cortisol as an additional tool to assess the welfare of pregnant sows kept in two types of housing   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Pol F  Courboulay V  Cotte JP  Martrenchar A  Hay M  Mormède P 《Veterinary research》2002,33(1):13-22

The use of urinary cortisol (UC) as an additional tool to evaluate sows welfare was assessed in two experiments. In a preliminary methodological experiment, the kinetics of cortisol excretion in urine was studied during an Adreno Cortico Trophic Hormone (ACTH) challenge test in 10 pregnant sows. In a second experiment, 96 primiparous sows of an experimental unit were assigned to two different housing systems: 48 animals were housed in individual pens (IP) and 48 animals in collective pens (CP) with 6 animals per pen. UC was measured at the beginning and at the end of pregnancy and compared with other welfare indicators such as behaviour or skin damage. In both experiments, UC was measured using a high pressure liquid chromatography assay. In experiment 1, UC was constant on the day before injection of ACTH, with no variations related to circadian rhythm. It began to rise 2 h after the injection, peaked between 2 to 5 h after then returned to the basal concentration on the day after the injection. In experiment 2, UC concentrations were not different between CP- and IP-housed sows but they were higher in sows exhibiting the less stereotypies in comparison with sows exhibiting the most stereotypies. The results of this study suggest that UC is a good indicator of acute stress, more convenient than plasma cortisol measurement since it is a non-invasive method avoiding restraint or catheterisation of sows. They also suggest that UC could also give additional information on the assessment of chronic stress and improve the evaluation of animal welfare if used in conjunction with other welfare indicators.  相似文献   

Response of the small mammal community to changes in western French agricultural landscapes   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

de la Peña  Norma Millán  Butet  Alain  Delettre  Yannick  Paillat  Gilles  Morant  Philippe  Le Du  Laurence  Burel  Françoise 《Landscape Ecology》2003,18(3):265-278

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Evaluation of Parameters Accounting for Phomopsis Resistance Using Natural Infection and Artificial Inoculation on Recombinant Inbred Lines From a Cross Between Susceptible and Resistant Sunflower     

Kamel Langar  Yves Griveau  François Kaan  Hervé Serieys  Didier Varès  André Bervillé 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2002,108(4):307-315

HA89, a sunflower line susceptible to Phomopsis, was crossed with a resistant line, LR4-17. Two hundred and forty-one F2/F3 progenies and 232 recombinant inbred (RI) lines were derived from this cross. F2/F3 progenies were tested in semi-natural infections in 1994. F7, F8 and F9 were tested with semi-natural infections in 1997, 1998 and 1999, respectively. F7 RI lines were artificially infected with Phomopsis mycelium on leaves in 1997. Family effects were significant in F2/F3 progenies for attack rates on stems and encircling spots rates on stems after semi-natural infections. Line effects were significant for attack rates on stems and encircling spot rates in F7 and F8. F7 RI lines showed a high heritability for speed of necrosis on leaf blades after artificial infection. Continuous and unimodal distributions were observed for attack rates on stems in all experiments done in semi-natural conditions. In contrast, speed of necrosis on leaf blades showed a bimodal distribution. Significant rank correlations were observed between the speed of necrosis on leaf blades and the attack rates on stems. It is suggested that resistance to Phomopsis is the consequence of several mechanisms, independently inherited. It was concluded that speed of necrosis on leaf blades in artificial infections and attack rates on stems in natural infections should be retained as parameters for quantitative trait locus mapping of Phomopsis resistance.  相似文献   

Effect of Trichothecenes Produced by Fusarium graminearum during Fusarium Head Blight Development in Six Cereal Species     

François Langevin  François Eudes  André Comeau 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(7):735-746

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a complex cereal disease associated with trichothecene production; these mycotoxins are factors of aggressiveness in wheat. Six species (bread and durum wheat, triticale, rye, barley and oats) were submitted to point inoculations with two isogenic strains of Fusarium graminearum; a wild strain (Tri5 +) produced trichothecenes and the mutated strain (Tri5 –) did not. The trichothecene-producing strain was generally more aggressive than the non-producing strain, but this varied according to crop species. The difference in aggressiveness was less pronounced in rye, a very resistant species. High resistance levels were observed in oats due to the large spacing between florets. In six-row barley, despite the existence of a moderate Type II resistance, the fungus was often observed to move externally from one floret to another within the dense spike, without penetrating the rachis. Bread wheat had low resistance to the trichothecene-producing strain and good resistance to the non-producing strain. Triticale responded to the strains in a similar way but was somewhat more resistant to both: symptoms on the spikelets and rachis of the triticales were restricted to below the point of inoculation. Durum wheat was susceptible to the trichothecene-producing strain and only moderately resistant to the non-producing strain, which was able to cause serious damage only to this species. Our study confirmed that the role of trichothecenes in FHB pathogenesis differs among species. The failure of the trichothecene non-producing F. graminearum strain to spread within the inflorescence of wheat, triticale, rye and barley, and the significant reduction of spread in the durum wheat spike strongly suggested that trichothecenes are a major determinant of fungal spread and disease development in Triticeae.  相似文献   

Virological and serological studies on the role of PI-3 virus, BRSV, BVDV and BHV-1 on respiratory infections of cattle. I. The detection of etiological agents by direct immunofluorescence technique     

Alkan F  Ozkul A  Bilge-Dagalp S  Yesilbag K  Oguzoglu TC  Akça Y  Burgu I 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2000,107(5):193-195

Nasal cells extracted from nasal swabs obtained from 95 cattle with signs of respiratory disease, out of eleven different herds, were tested for BHV-1, PI-3 virus, BRSV and BVDV using direct immunofluorescence technique. Viral antigen positive samples were detected in seven out of eleven herds examined. Of the 95 individual diseased cattle, 19 were found positive for at least one viral antigen. It was found that especially BHV-1 and PI-3 virus are important causative agents in cattle respiratory disease, both or in combination with other pathogenic agents. Multiple infection in virologically positive herds were observed in six (9.8%) of 61 animals tested. The findings reveal that single or multiple infections of selected viruses may be present in an important range in cattle and that direct immunofluorescence technique as a rapid method, based on the detection of viral antigen in nasal swab samples, is useful to establish the viral aetiology of acute bovine respiratory disease caused by these viruses, particularly in the diagnosis of mixed viral infections.  相似文献   

Impact of exogenous salicylic acid on the growth,antioxidant activity and physiology of carrot plants subjected to combined salinity and boron toxicity     

Figen Eraslan  Ali Inal  Aydin GunesMehmet Alpaslan 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007

Previous studies have shown that salicylic acid (SA) plays a role in the response of plants to salt and osmotic stresses. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of exogenous salicylic acid on the growth, physiology and antioxidant activity of carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. Nantes) grown under combined stress of salinity and boron toxicity. The treatments consisted of salt (control, NaCl, and Na₂SO₄), boron (−B: 0 and +B: 25 mg B kg⁻¹) and salicylic acid (−SA: 0 and +SA: 0.5 mmol SA kg⁻¹). The diameter of the storage root was increased by NaCl salinity in the absence of B toxicity, however, it was increased by Na₂SO₄ salinity under B toxicity. For the storage root yield, NaCl salinity was more toxic than Na₂SO₄ salinity. With its role in plant growth regulation, SA application positively affected the storage root dry weight, S concentration, carotenoids and anthocyanin content and increased the total antioxidant activity (AA) of the shoot and storage root. SA application regulated proline and toxic ion (B, Cl) accumulation in the storage root and shoot. This study reports the long term effects of SA under stress conditions and reveals that SA was not as effective as in alleviating abiotic stress as reported in the literature conducted with short-term studies. That means long-term effects of SA would be significantly different from its short-term effects.  相似文献   

Effects of different weaning programs on growth of Saanen kids     

Feyzi UGUR  Cengiz ATASOGLU  Cemil TOLU  Figen DIKEN  Akin PALA 《Animal Science Journal》2007,78(3):281-285

The aim of the study reported here was to compare the performances of kids reared according to three different weaning programs. In the first program (T1), the dams were not milked in the evening and the kids accompanied their dams from 17.00 hours until the next morning. In the second program (T2), the dams of the kids were milked at 17.00 hours and then the kids accompanied their dams until the next morning, being separated from their dams at 08.00 hours. In the third program (T3), the kids were subjected to the T1 program for the first 4 weeks of the study, and to the T2 program for the last 4 weeks of the study. The kids in all the groups were weaned at 8 weeks of age. The weaning programs had significant effects on average daily weight gains (ADG) of the kids during weeks 1–4 and weeks 1–8 of the study (P < 0.05). In the weeks 1–8 period, the kids on the T1 program had a higher ADG than those on the T2 program (P < 0.05). However, the kids on T1, T2 and T3 programs had similar ADG post‐weaning. The dry matter intake of the starter feed of the kids of the T3 program was higher than that of the kids of the T1 and T2 programs. The results of the present study indicated that the three weaning programs did not result in any significant effect on the growth of Saanen kids. Hence, the T3 program can be used if the starter feed intake is desirable.  相似文献