Effects of nurse shrubs and tree shelters on the survival and growth of two Austrocedrus chilensis seedling types in a forest restoration trial in semiarid Patagonia, Argentina     

Mar��a Florencia Urretavizcaya  Guillermo E. Defoss�� 《Annals of Forest Science》2013,70(1):21-30

? Context

Harsh environmental conditions in xeric sites of Andean Patagonia, affect the emergence, survival, and growth of either naturally grown or planted Austrocedrus seedlings.

? Aims

We evaluated the effects of nurse shrubs and tree shelters on the survival and growth of Austrocedrus seedlings as compared to unprotected (control) areas and how differently produced seedling types perform under these treatments.

? Methods

In 2006, two Austrocedrus seedling types (1?+?2?=?S1 and Plug 2?+?1?=?S2) were planted under shrub cover (C1), tree shelter (C2), and control (C3). Soil surface temperature and moisture were measured for each treatment during the first growing season, while seedling survival and height were recorded during 5 years.

? Results

Survival was not affected by cover type the first year, but it was affected by seedling type (S1?>?S2). After an extremely dry second growing season, seedling survival significantly decreased in relation to either cover or seedling type. Five years after plantation, survival was significantly higher for C1 and C2 (40?C60 %) as compared to C3-S2 (18 %). Seedling height was significantly affected by cover, but not by seedling type.

? Conclusions

The use of nurse shrubs and/or tree shelters is useful in Austrocedrus seedling restoration trials. Seedling morphology appears as relevant for survival in semiarid environments.  相似文献   

Serodiagnosis of Babesia gibsoni infection in dogs by an improved enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant truncated P50     

Verdida RA  Hara OA  Xuan X  Fukumoto S  Igarashi I  Zhang S  Dong J  Inokuma H  Kabeya H  Sato Y  Moritomo T  Maruyama S  Claveria F  Nagasawa H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(12):1517-1521

The surface antigen P50 of Babesia gibsoni is an important candidate for the development of a diagnostic reagent for canine piroplasmosis. In order to establish an effective diagnostic method for practical use, the gene encoding truncated P50 (P50t) lacking a signal peptide and C-terminal hydrophobic regions were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST). More than 90% portion of the GST-P50t was expressed as a soluble form, in contrast with GST-P50f (full-length), which was completely expressed as an insoluble form. This result indicates that removal of the hydrophobic signal peptide and C-terminus had dramatically improved its hydrophilicity. The purified GST-P50t was tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to B. gibsoni in dogs. The ELISA with GST-P50t clearly differentiated between B. gibsoni-infected dog sera and uninfected dog sera. In addition, the ELISA detected no cross-reactivity with sera from dogs experimentally infected with the closely related parasites, B. canis canis, B. canis vogeli, and B. canis rossi. Field serum samples collected from dogs in Japan and China were examined for the diagnosis of B. gibsoni infection by using the ELISA. 14.5% (9/62), 5.8% (7/120), and 5.4% (2/37) of tested samples were positive for dogs from Okinawa, Yamaguchi, and Osaka prefectures, Japan, respectively. On the other hand, 4.8% (2/41) of tested samples were positive for dogs from Nanjing, China. These results suggest that the GST-P50t could be a reliable reagent for practical use in ELISA for the serodiagnosis of canine piroplasmosis caused by B. gibsoni.  相似文献   

Detection of equine Babesia spp. gene fragments in Dermacentor nuttalli Olenev 1929 infesting mongolian horses,and their amplification in egg and larval progenies     

Battsetseg B  Lucero S  Xuan X  Claveria F  Byambaa B  Battur B  Boldbaatar D  Batsukh Z  Khaliunaa T  Battsetseg G  Igarashi I  Nagasawa H  Fujisaki K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(8):727-730

Babesia equi (EMA-1) and Babesia caballi (BC48) gene fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in blood samples, and partially fed-females and egg and larval progenies of Dermacentor nuttalli, collected from horses in Altanbulag, Tuv Province, Mongolia. While Babesia parasite DNA was detected in some horse blood samples during the first PCR, all positive cases in partially fed-female ticks, eggs and larvae were confirmed by nested PCR. Present study reinforces earlier similar findings in unfed D. nuttalli ticks collected from an open space vegetation in Bayanonjuul, Tuv Province in Central Mongolia, pointing to the most likely important role of D. nuttalli in the transmission of equine babesiosis in Mongolia. The detection of parasite DNA in eggs and larval progenies is likewise suggestive of transovarial parasite transmission in this tick species.  相似文献   

Potential of Community-Based Forest Management to Mitigate Climate Change in the Philippines   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rodel D. Lasco  Remedios S. Evangelista  Florencia B. Pulhin 《Small-Scale Forestry》2010,9(4):429-443

Community-based forest management (CBFM) is the principal strategy in managing inhabited ‘forest land’ in the Philippines. It involves the participation of local communities in various forestry activities to achieve sustainable forestry, advance social justice and improve socioeconomic welfare, and promote a stable and healthy environment. This paper analyses the potential benefits of agroforestry farms in CBFM sites to mitigate climate change. The incorporation of trees in farms and landscapes has led to enhanced carbon storage and sequestration. Half a million hectares of agroforestry farms in CBFM sites in the Philippines are estimated to store 25 MtC while sequestering 2.7 MtC annually. Lessons are drawn from three carbon sequestration projects under development using CBFM as the main approach. Income from carbon credits is not sufficient to recover the cost of tree planting. The transaction costs of forestry CDM projects are substantial and could prove to be the greatest barrier to project fruition. Government institutions must find ways to encourage project developers by simplifying rules and regulations for forestry carbon projects. Forest definition must be assessed. Project developers and the government could also explore the voluntary carbon market which is more flexible than the CDM market. Policy and technical studies must be conducted to ascertain the potential of the REDD for CBFM sites in the country.  相似文献   

Night temperature and intercepted solar radiation additively contribute to oleic acid percentage in sunflower oil     

María M. Echarte  Patricia Angeloni  Florencia Jaimes  Jorge Tognetti  Natalia G. Izquierdo  O. Valentinuz  Luis A.N. Aguirrezábal 《Field Crops Research》2010

Oil fatty acid composition of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) closely depends on the environmental conditions during grain filling. Temperature and solar radiation are main environmental factors driving oil chemical composition, as revealed by experiments in which the effects of these variables were investigated separately. The present work aims at investigating whether both temperature and irradiance act independently or they interact in exerting their effects on oleic acid percentage of sunflower oil. With this purpose, minimum night temperature (MNT) and intercepted solar radiation (ISR) per plant were together modified during the grain filling period of the traditional sunflower hybrid ACA 885. Two experimental approaches were performed: (a) radiation was modified in three locations at different latitudes (location × radiation experiments), (b) radiation and temperature were modified in a factorial design within one location by using field shelters (in situ temperature × radiation experiments). Regardless location or year effect, oleic acid percentage increased with ISR per plant up to a maximum value, which depended on MNT. In situ temperature × radiation experiments showed that plant heating increased oleic acid percentage under any radiation condition assayed, while plant shading produced a drop in oleic acid that was independent of MNT. Statistically significant interaction between MNT and ISR per plant was not detected. A mathematical relationship that considered that MNT and ISR per plant additively contribute to oleic acid percentage was established and verified using data from location × radiation experiments. This equation predicted well independent experimental data from in situ temperature × radiation experiments.  相似文献   

Benzalkonium Chloride Surface Adsorption and Release by Two Montmorillonites and Their Modified Organomontmorillonites     

Federico M. Flores  Elsa López Loveira  Florencia Yarza  Roberto Candal  Rosa M. Torres Sánchez 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2017,228(1):42

Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) loaded to montmorillonites (Mt) or organomontmorillonites (OMt) generates a functional material that can be incorporated to several systems (polymers, paints, etc) as a controlled release bactericide. Understanding the BAC adsorption sites on these adsorbents is of high importance to clarify their adsorption/desorption characteristics in aqueous media or other solvents. In this work, a thorough study about the adsorption/desorption properties of Mt and OMt with regards to BAC is presented, in order to evaluate further BAC release with the consequent aquatic environment contamination. In this work, the BAC adsorption on two different sites is demonstrated: the interlayer space and the external surface. Depending on BAC concentration in water, sorption of BAC at Mt occurred in two steps. At adsorbed amount <0.5 mmol g^?1, there was an Mt interlayer expansion of 0.49 nm with no change of the external charge. At adsorbed amount >0.5 mmol g^?1, there was a new interlayer expansion attaining 0.75 nm and the external charge shifted to positive value. In the case of OMt, the introduction of BAC produced changes in the interlayer structure and in the external surface charge. BAC desorption was strongly dependent on the type of Mt or OMt and extraction solvent, knowledge of which will allow its safe use in environmental friendly technological applications.  相似文献   

Yield trade-off and the role of parental selection based on seed size when breeding for soybean seed protein     

Ezequiel Saenz  Lucas Borrás  Juan S. Panelo  Florencia B. Poeta  José L. Rotundo 《Plant Breeding》2023,142(1):54-65

Alternative physiological strategies can increase protein concentration in soybean: (i) more-than-proportional increases in seed protein content (mg seed⁻¹) relative to increases in carbohydrate and oil content in large-seeded genotypes or (ii) more-than-proportional reductions in carbohydrate and/or oil content relative to protein content reductions in small-seeded genotypes. Because these strategies differentially affect crop growth and development, we hypothesized that populations developed from high-protein (HP) parents with contrasting seed sizes will present differences in how seed yield and protein concentration correlate. To test this, three breeding strategies were developed by mating high-yielding cultivars and HP ones that differ in seed sizes, reflecting the alternative strategies mentioned above. Neither tested crossing strategies showed differences in their correlation values between seed yield and protein concentration, as initially expected. Nevertheless, populations developed from crossing a HP-small-seeded parent to a HP-large-seeded one showed the highest number of transgressive segregants for protein yield. Our results showed that parent selection based on seed size has no beneficial effects on the development of high-yielding, HP soybean populations, but it might affect the number of transgressive segregants for protein yield.  相似文献   

Response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to single and mixed inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and Sinorhizobium meliloti     

Lorena Belén Guiñazú  Javier Alberto Andrés  María Florencia Del Papa  Mariano Pistorio  Susana Beatriz Rosas 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2010,46(2):185-190

The objectives of this work were to phenotypically and genetically characterize alfalfa rhizosphere bacteria and to evaluate the effect of single or mixed inoculation upon nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation. Thirty-two strains showed tricalcium phosphate solubilization ability, and two of them caused bigger or equal solubilization halos than the control strain P. putida SP22. The comparison of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequences indicated that these strains are phylogenetically related to Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. A beneficial effect of both isolates on alfalfa growth was observed in coinoculation assays. Pseudomonas sp. FM7d caused a significant increase in root and shoot dry weight, length, and surface area of roots, number, and symbiotic properties of alfalfa plants. The plants coinoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti B399 and the Bacillus sp. M7c showed significant increases in the measured parameters. Our results indicating that strains Pseudomonas sp. FM7d and Bacillus sp. M7c can be considered for the formulation of new inoculants.  相似文献   

Steroid receptor mRNA expression in the ovarian follicles of cows with cystic ovarian disease     

Alfaro NS  Salvetti NR  Velazquez MM  Stangaferro ML  Rey F  Ortega HH 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(3):478-485

  相似文献   

Amaranthus cruentus flour edible films: influence of stearic acid addition, plasticizer concentration, and emulsion stirring speed on water vapor permeability and mechanical properties     

Colla E  do Amaral Sobral PJ  Menegalli FC 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(18):6645-6653

Films forming solutions composed of Amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) flour (4.0 g/100 mL), stearic acid (5-15 g/100 g of flour), and glycerol (25-35 g/100 g of flour) were prepared by an emulsification process, with varying stirring speed values (6640-13360 rpm). The influence of these parameters (stearic acid and glycerol concentrations and stirring speed) on the water vapor barrier and mechanical properties of films was evaluated using the response surface methodology (RSM). Other characterizations, including microstructure, water solubility, and oxygen permeability, were performed in optimized films. According to statistical analysis results, the optimized conditions corresponded to 10 g of stearic acid/100 g of flour, 26 g of glycerol/100 g of flour, and a stirring speed of 12 000 rpm. The films produced under these conditions exhibited superior mechanical properties (2.5 N puncture force, 2.6 MPa tensile strength, and 148% elongation at break) in comparison to those of other protein and polysaccharide composite films, low solubility (15.2%), and optimal barrier properties (WVP of 8.9 x 10(- 11) g m(- 1) s(- 1) Pa(- 1) and oxygen permeability of 2.36 x 10(- 13) cm3 m(-1) s(-1) Pa(-1)).  相似文献