宁夏灌区玉米平播密植模式下的农田蛾类多样性研究     

张云会  王章训  付召召  王新谱 《植物保护》2015,41(5):26-31

为了解宁夏灌区玉米平播密植模式下田间蛾类昆虫的组成及发生时序动态,对灌区玉米田进行灯诱监测,获得蛾类昆虫标本10科42种。明确了该种植模式下蛾类以夜蛾科(Noctuidae)和草螟科(Crambidae)昆虫为主要类群,优势种为旋幽夜蛾(Discestra trifolii)、草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis)、亚洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)和小地老虎(Agrotis ypsilon)。刀夜蛾(Simyra nervosa)为宁夏新记录的种类。8月下旬蛾类群落多样性水平最高,Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数及优势度指数依次为2.509 8、0.868 3、4.492 4、0.089 9。不同阶段蛾类群落相似性水平均很低,其中以7月上旬与7月中旬相似性水平最高,为0.526 3;相异性以6月中旬与7月上旬最高,为0.888 9。  相似文献   

Y58S系列组合产量、品质及抗性的综合表现     

扶定  王青林  赵万兵  霍二伟  马汉云  沈光辉  全瑞兰 《中国农学通报》2015,31(3):49-53

为选育不育起点温度低、配合力强、米质优的实用型两系不育系,以近年来新育成的22个Y58S组合为对象,对其产量、品质及病虫抗性进行研究。结果表明：平均产量为8978.7 kg/hm²,所有品质指标均达到《优质稻谷》3级标准的组合占40.9%,感稻瘟病和褐飞虱。因此,Y58S系列组合产量水平较高,稻米品质较优,主要病虫抗性相对较差。  相似文献   

双心室心脏泵内部流动非定常数值模拟     

袁建平  孙文婷  王龙滟  付燕霞  洪锋  周帮伦 《排灌机械工程学报》2015,33(7):553-559

为了研究某新型离心式双心室人工心脏泵内部血液流动特性,采用CFD技术对泵设计工况下的内部流场进行数值模拟分析,获得了该心脏泵内部速度、湍流动能和切应力分布规律,同时得到了泵进口流量、作用在不同过流部件的轴向力和径向力变化情况,并对蜗壳处的压力脉动进行分析.研究结果表明:该型双心室心脏泵内部流场没有出现明显的流动死水区,满足心脏泵的抗血栓要求;泵内压力和切应力分布规律相似,整体分布均匀,满足抗溶血性能的要求;由于心脏泵的整体设计为对称结构,很好地平衡了左右叶轮的轴向力;较小的泵整体结构的径向力和转矩有利于心脏泵抵御瞬态的径向负荷;左右两泵蜗壳处的压力脉动呈现明显的正弦周期性变化规律,均含有6个波峰和6个波谷,且各监测点处压力脉动的主频为叶片通过频率,这是由于叶轮和蜗壳的动静干涉作用.  相似文献   

美国耐旱景观实践及启示     

李应宾  付宗驰  武文丽 《中国城市林业》2015,13(6):45-48

在水资源日益紧缺的背景下,耐旱景观在世界范围内受到重视,其原则广泛应用于干旱地区的景观营造并获得了巨大收益。文中介绍美国耐旱景观及其原则,解析耐旱景观的内涵,列举美国耐旱景观实践的具体做法,希望通过美国耐旱景观的实践能够让更多地区的景观建设获得启示并从中受益。  相似文献   

不同压出室下叶轮切割对离心泵性能影响     

杨从新  富友  强盼  刘洋 《排灌机械工程学报》2015,33(9):750-755

为研究2种不同压出室下叶轮切割对离心泵性能的影响,以及单级单个叶轮切割与多级下单个叶轮切割的差异,基于N-S方程、标准k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLE算法对MD-280-43×6型多级离心清水泵进行三维数值模拟.计算结果表明:以单级单个叶轮为切割目标时,随着切割量增大,螺旋形压出室的水力效率变化趋势比径向导叶式压出室的变化趋势更为明显,压水室水力损失每叶轮2%切割量,损失平均增长分别为0.360,0.193 m,2种压出室内部动压分布及对叶轮所产生径向力的变化趋势有明显差异;以多级下单个叶轮切割与单级单个叶轮切割的对比为目标时,对于径向导叶式压出室离心泵和螺旋形压出室离心泵,其水力效率、扬程、内部湍动能分布与各种单级单个模型平均偏差分别为1.644%,0.279%,2.090 m,1.573 m,1.302 J/kg,1.548 J/kg;不同压出室下叶轮切割特性的研究,应考虑压出室所带来的差异;多级泵叶轮切割特性研究时,应尽量回归多级环境进行研究.  相似文献   

不同质地土壤应用保水剂效果研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

范富  侯迷红  张庆国  苏雅乐  彭靖 《干旱地区农业研究》2015,33(3):96-103

通过盆栽试验,对保水剂在砂土、壤土和粘土上的保水效果进行了研究,结果表明:(1)对于土壤水吸力变化而言,沙土、壤土分别添加保水剂(SAP)5 g和10 g(即处理B5和B10)均低于不添加SAP(处理B0),但随着SAP用量的增加,水吸力并没有表现出减小的趋势,沙土均30.4 kPa,壤土均80 kPa;粘土在低水吸力范围内与砂土、壤土相似,30 kPa各处理效果不明显。(2)对于土壤含水量而言,沙土的B10处理在含水量上显著高于其它处理,然而综合考虑水吸力和含水量时,沙土在15 kPa水吸力范围内,B10处理虽供水性较强,但土壤持水性变差,B1处理持水性较好,供水性在作物可利用范围内;壤土的处理效果不如沙土,壤土在同一水吸力下,处理B5含水量始终处于较高水平,均高于19%,且在30 kPa的吸力范围有较高的持水性和供水性;粘土土壤水吸力与含水量二者的关系相对比较复杂,B5处理在不同吸力范围内出现相反的保水效果,其机理有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

日光温室4种起垄覆膜方式对甜椒幼苗生长的影响     

傅国海  刘文科 《农业工程》2015,5(4):67-70

我国北方地区日光温室蔬菜生产过程中,土壤起垄覆膜栽培应用广泛。提出了一种新型起垄覆膜栽培方式——起垄内嵌式基质栽培（Ridge substrate-embedded cultivation,RSC）,在此基础上衍生出两种形式的起垄覆膜方式,即土壤嵌槽覆膜（RSC-P）和嵌膜覆膜（RSC-W）,并研究了包括土垄覆膜（SR）和基质栽培槽覆膜（PEG）在内的4种起垄覆膜方式对甜椒幼苗生长的影响。试验结果表明:相对于SR,RSC-P、RSC-W和PEG 3种起垄覆膜方式能够显著提高甜椒幼苗的株高、叶片数和叶绿素含量,其中株高分别比SR栽培垄的甜椒幼苗高26%、27.5%和32%,叶片比SR甜椒幼苗多4片,叶绿素含量更是显著高于SR栽培的甜椒幼苗。试验表明,设置的3种起垄覆膜方式都能显著促进甜椒幼苗生长。   相似文献   

Applying a salinity response function and zoning saline land for three fi eld crops: a case study in the Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia,China     

TONG Wen-jie  CHEN Xiao-li  WEN Xin-ya  CHEN Fu  ZHANG Hai-lin  CHU Qing-quan  Shadrack Batsile Dikgwatlhe 《农业科学学报》2015,14(1):178-189

Salinity is one of the major abiotic factors affecting the growth and productivity of crops in Hetao Irrigation District, China. In this study, the salinity tolerances of three local crops, wheat(Triticum aestinum L.), maize(Zea mays L.) and sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.), growing in 76 farm fields are evaluated with modified discount function. Salinity ecological zones appropriate for these local crops are characterized and a case study is presented for crop salinity ecological zoning. The results show that the yield reductions of wheat, maize and sunflower when grown in saline soils are attributed primarily to a reduction in spikelet number, 1 000-grain weight and seed number per head, respectively. Sunflower is the most tolerant crop among the three which had a salinity tolerance index(ST-index) of 12.24, followed by spring maize and spring wheat with ST-Indices of 9.00 and 7.43, respectively. According to the crop salinity tolerance results, the arable land in the Heping Village of this district was subdivided into four salinity ecological zones: the most suitable, suitable, sub-suitable and unsuitable zones. The area proportion of the most suitable zone for wheat, maize and sunflower within the Heping Village was 27.5, 46.5 and 77.5%, respectively. Most of the most suitable zone occurred in the western part of the village. The results of this study provide the scientific basis for optimizing the local major crop distribution and improving cultural practices management in Hetao Irrigation District.  相似文献   

Density,Demography, and Influential Environmental Factors on Overwintering Populations of Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in Southern Yunnan,China     

Shao-Ji Hu  Da-Ying Fu  Zhong-Liang Han  Hui Ye 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)

Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is the most serious pest on rice in southwestern China. Yunnan province is within this region and is a major overwintering area for S. furcifera in China. This field study was carried out over 4 yr (2010–2013) and focused on S. furcifera distribution, population density, and demography, as well as the relationship between various environmental factors and the distribution and density of overwintering S. furcifera in Yunnan. Our study demonstrated that overwintering populations of S. furcifera mainly occurred in valleys and lowlands below 25.02°N and 1,680 m above sea level (a.s.l.), where ratooning rice was present. The overwintering range of S. furcifera has expanded in Yunnan compared with 20 yr ago, and regional climate change is believed to be the main contributing cause for this expansion. Environmental factor analysis showed that the mean air temperature of the coldest quarter and precipitation of the coldest quarter were two key factors that were strongly linked to the overwintering distribution and density of S. furcifera in Yunnan. Wintertime temperature was the principal influencing factor to determine the distribution and density of S. furcifera, while the effect of precipitation was indirect in that it influenced the insect’s distribution via its host. This study documented the major overwintering areas of S. furcifera in Yunnan, which can be used to predict outbreak potential in the following spring. Hence, key climatic factors, overwintering distribution, and density of S. furcifera should be used when forecasting outbreaks in spring.  相似文献   

Fumigant Toxicity and Repellence Activity of Camphor Essential Oil from Cinnamonum camphora Siebold Against Solenopsis invicta Workers (Hymenoptera:Formicidae)     

J. T. Fu  L. Tang  W. S. Li  K. Wang  D. M. Cheng  Z. X. Zhang 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)

The red imported fire ant (RIFA) Solenopsis invicta Buren causes severe damage to humans and animals as well as the environment. Chemical treatment is the main strategy of RIFA management, which also is potentially toxic to the environment. Plant essential oils (EOs) are considered as potential substance that can be used to control insects. This study aimed to identify the chemical composition of camphor EO and investigate the insecticidal activity on RIFAs. The chemical composition of the EO was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Results revealed that 36.61% camphor and 30.05% cineole were the major components. The insecticidal activity of camphor EO was assessed against RIFA workers by conducting two different bioassays: fumigant toxicity and repellence. Fumigant toxicity assay results showed that the lethal dose (LC₅₀) of the EO at 24 h was 1.67 and 4.28 μg/ml for minor and major workers, respectively; knockdown time (KT₅₀) was 10.82 and 14.73 h. At 2.55 μg/ml, the highest average mortality of the ants was 84.89% after 72 h. Camphor EO exhibited fumigant toxicity against minor and major workers as indicated by the effects on attacking, feeding, and climbing behaviors. This EO was also strongly repellent to the two size workers of the colony as observed in their behavior against Tenebrio molitor treated with 5 µl EO. The fumigant toxicity and repellence of camphor EO against RIFA indicated that this substance could be a potential alternative for the development of eco-friendly products used to control pests.  相似文献