Effects of Dietary Brown Rice on the Growth Performance,Systemic Oxidative Status,and Splenic Inflammatory Responses of Broiler Chickens under Chronic Heat Stress     

Fumika Nanto-Hara  Haruhiko Ohtsu  Makoto Yamazaki  Tatsuya Hirakawa  Kan Sato  Hitoshi Murakami 《The Journal of Poultry Science》2021,58(3):154

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary brown rice on the growth performance, systemic oxidative status, and splenic inflammatory responses of broiler chickens under both thermo-neutral and chronic heat stress conditions. Forty 12-day-old male broiler chickens (ROSS 308) were randomly assigned to two groups and fed either a control diet (corn-based) or a brown rice-based diet. After seven days (19 days old), both groups were randomly divided into two sub-groups (n=10), one of which was exposed to heat stress (33°C for 14 days), while the other was maintained at 24°C. Heat exposure reduced the body weight gain and feed intake (p<0.01) of both groups. In terms of oxidative plasma states, heat exposure reduced the glutathione peroxidase activity and increased the ceruloplasmin content, while the 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and reduced glutathione levels were not affected adversely. Heat exposure activated the immune responses, as evidenced by increased plasma immunoglobin levels, and altered splenic immune-related gene expressions including heat shock proteins, toll-like receptor 4, and interleukin-12. Under both thermo-neutral and heat stress conditions, dietary brown rice improved the growth performance, decreased the immunoglobulin levels, and down-regulated the expression of splenic immune-related genes of broilers, although their systemic oxidative status was not affected. Dietary brown rice should be considered as a valuable component of broiler chicken feeds subjected to both thermo-neutral and heat stress conditions. The positive effects of brown rice on bird performance may be associated with the modulation of the immune responses, as reflected by the decreased production of immunoglobulins and altered splenic immune-related gene expression.  相似文献   

Phenolic constituents ofTaxus cuspidata I: lignans from the roots     

Fumio Kawamura  Yoshinari Kikuchi  Tatsuro Ohira  Mitsuyoshi Yastagai 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(2):167-171

The phenolic constituents of the roots ofTaxus cuspidata (Japanese yew) were investigated. Four lignans, [(+)-taxiresinol (1), (+)-lariciresinol (2), (–)-secoisolariciresinol (3), and (+)-pinoresinol (4)] were isolated and identified. The assignment of proton and carbon atoms for the lignans were finally solved by one- and twodimensional-nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The enantiomeric excess of these lignans were determined by chiral high-performance liquid Chromatographic analyses. (+)-Lariciresinol and (–)-secoisolariciresinol were optically pure; (+)-taxiresinol was also suggested to be optically pure, although (+)-pinoresinol was not (77% enantiomeric excess).  相似文献   

Regeneration of protoplasts from hyphal strands ofVolvariella volvacea     

Renato G. Reyes  Fumio Eguchi  Tomoaki Iijima  Miyato Higaki 《Journal of Wood Science》1998,44(5):401-407

A series of experiments on the preparation and regeneration of protoplasts from hyphal strands ofVolvariella volvacea (Bull. ex. Fr.) Singer were conducted with the aim of optimizing the conditions for its efficient regeneration. One commercial (Vvcl) and two wild (EAAC-0001 and EAAC-0002) strains ofV. volvacea from the Philippines were used and subjected to varying conditions to determine the most efficient means for regeneration of their protoplasts. The effects of age and type of strain, pH, type and concentration of osmotic stabilizer, enzymatic composition, treatment time, temperature, reciprocal frequency during enzymatic lysis of the cell wall, and centrifugation conditions were investigated. Results showed that the three strains ofV. volvacea had varying responses in terms of yield, size, and ability of their protoplasts to regenerate into the protoplast regeneration medium. Among the three strains, EAAC-0002 had the highest rate of regeneration. The 5-day-old culture ofV. volvacea, when subjected to a combination of 2% Novozyme 234 and 0.2% chitinase in 0.6M mannitol (pH 6.0) for 3 h at 30°C, 90 strokes/min and centrifuged at 1100 g for 10 min; produced an efficient yield of protoplasts with a relatively high regeneration rate.Part of this paper was presented at the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, Japan, April 2–5, 1997  相似文献   

Overcoming hybrid lethality in a cross between Japanese pear and apple using gamma irradiation and confirmation of hybrid status using flow cytometry and SSR markers     

Takeru Gonai  Toru Manabe  Eiichi Inoue  Mikio Hayashi  Toshiya Yamamoto  Tateki Hayashi  Fumio Sakuma  Masakazu Kasumi 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

Although there have been some attempts to obtain intergeneric hybrids between Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) and apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) mature hybrids have not been generated due to hybrid lethality. Shoots from immature hybrid embryos were gamma irradiated and cultured at normal temperature conditions to obtain viable intergeneric plants. Gamma irradiation doses of 50 and 100 Gy cultured at 25 °C killed all shoots but there was one survivor at 150 Gy and 25 °C. Hybrid status of the shoot was confirmed by using morphology, flow cytometry and SSR markers. The intergeneric plant had similar leaf serrations to apple and similar petioles to Japanese pear. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that the intergeneric shoot had a DNA content intermediate between the parents. SSR analysis showed one allele from each parent for all 16 SSR loci investigated. These data strongly suggest that the obtained shoot is a true hybrid between Japanese pear and apple.  相似文献   

The effect of temperature on environmental DNA degradation of Japanese eel     

Kasai  Akihide  Takada  Shingo  Yamazaki  Aya  Masuda  Reiji  Yamanaka  Hiroki 《Fisheries Science》2020,86(3):465-471

Fisheries Science - The environmental DNA (eDNA) technique is a convenient and powerful tool to detect rare species. Knowledge of the degradation rate of eDNA in water is important for...  相似文献   

Identification and validation of quantitative trait loci associated with seed yield in soybean     

Naoya Yamaguchi  Fumio Taguchi-Shiobara  Yumi Sato  Mineo Senda  Masao Ishimoto  Fumiko Kousaka 《Breeding Science》2021,71(3):396

In soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill], the genetic analysis of seed yield is important to aid in the breeding of high-yielding cultivars. Seed yield is a complex trait, and the number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in seed yield is high. The aims of this study were to identify QTL associated with seed yield and validate their effects on seed yield using near-isogenic lines. The QTL analysis was conducted using a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between Japanese cultivars ‘Toyoharuka’ and ‘Toyomusume’, and eight seed yield-associated QTL were identified. There were significant positive correlations between seed yield and the number of favorable alleles at QTL associated with seed yield in the recombinant inbred lines for three years. The effects of qSY8-1, a QTL promoting greater seed yield, was validated in the Toyoharuka background. In a two-year yield trial, the 100-seed weight and seed yield of Toyoharuka-NIL, the near-isogenic line having the Toyomusume allele at qSY8-1, were significantly greater than those of Toyoharuka (106% and 107%, respectively) without any change for days to flowering and maturity. Our results suggest that qSY8-1 was not associated with maturity genes, and contributed to the 100-seed weight.  相似文献   

Toe white line separation associated with the notch (crena marginalis) on the distal phalanges in Thoroughbred yearling horses     

Fumio SATO  Naoto OTSUKA  Atsutoshi KUWANO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1745

The shape of the white line of the hoof is closely related to the shape of the notch on the dorsal distal bearing border of the distal phalanx (P3). In this study, a radiographic survey of the P3 of both forelimbs of 163 Thoroughbred yearling horses was conducted. The correlation of the depth and width of the notch were analyzed with the toe white line separation grades (0 to 3). As a result, the toe white line separation grade increased, the depth and the width of the notch also increased significantly. Radiographic examination of the P3 of the forelimbs might be useful for deciding whether to implement hoof care to prevent onset of toe white line separation.  相似文献   

Equine nonneoplastic abnormal ovary in a draft mare with high serum anti-Müllerian hormone: a case study     

Akira GOTO  Masaaki TAGAMI  Fumiki KATO  Tsukasa SUZUKI  Takashi YAMAGA  Harutaka MURASE  Fumio SATO  Munkhtuul TSOGTGEREL  Tadamasa NIIKURA  Tomoe MORIYAMA  Akiko CHIBA  Ken-ichi WATANABE  Nao TSUZUKI  Yasuo NAMBO 《Journal of Equine Science》2021,32(4):147

We performed a standing hand-assisted laparoscopic ovariectomy in a draft mare that presented with high serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level and had an enlarged single cystic ovary. Histopathological examination revealed no tumor cell proliferation in the ovary, but the presence of a large ovarian cyst was confirmed. In the diagnosis of abnormal ovaries in mares, a comprehensive assessment should be performed, including the monitoring of ovarian morphology and biomarkers over time, to determine the disease prognosis and treatment plan. The case of this mare with a nonneoplastic abnormal ovary and increased serum AMH level was rare. We suggest that standing hand-assisted laparoscopic ovariectomy is useful for the removal of large ovaries in draft mares.  相似文献