Molecular identification of `Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis' in sheep with hemolytic anemia     

Suzuki J  Sasaoka F  Fujihara M  Watanabe Y  Tasaki T  Oda S  Kobayashi S  Sato R  Nagai K  Harasawa R 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(8):1113-1115

We examined the presence of hemoplasmas, hemotropic mycoplasmas, among 11 sheep (Ovis aries) with regenerative and hemolytic anemia and found six of them were positive by real-time PCR. The positive samples were then subjected to conventional PCR for direct sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Nucleotide sequences of all the positive samples were identified as the 16S rRNA gene of `Candidatus Mycoplasma haemovis' by phylogenetic analysis, demonstrating the infections with this particular hemoplasma species in Japan.  相似文献   

Epidemiological survey of Border disease virus among sheep from northern districts of Japan     

Giangaspero M  Ibata G  Savini G  Osawa T  Tatami S  Takagi E  Moriya H  Okura N  Kimura A  Harasawa R 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(12):1629-1633

The first epidemiological survey of Border disease virus (BDV) was undertaken in small ruminants in Japan. Ovine sera, collected from the northern prefectures of Hokkaido, Aomori and Iwate, were examined for the presence of antibodies against BDV using the neutralization peroxidase-linked antibody test. Twenty-nine (17.6%) of one hundred and sixty-five samples were seropositive for BDV. Results were specific, excluding cross-reactions with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Only one sample (0.6%) was positive for BVDV, and was negative for BDV. Despite serological evidence of virus circulation, there have been no clinical cases of border disease in sheep in Japan. Although no diagnostic measures were performed, the infection did not appear to be associated with a reduction in ewe fertility nor with lamb mortality.  相似文献   

In vitro fermentation of alternansucrase raffinose-derived oligosaccharides by human gut bacteria     

Hernandez-Hernandez O  Côté GL  Kolida S  Rastall RA  Sanz ML 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(20):10901-10906

In this work, in vitro fermentation of alternansucrase raffinose-derived oligosaccharides, previously fractionated according to their degree of polymerization (DP; from DP4 to DP10), was carried out using small-scale pH-controlled batch cultures at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions with human feces. Bifidogenic activity of oligosaccharides with DP4-6 similar to that of lactulose was observed; however, in general, a significant growth of lactic acid bacteria Bacteroides , Atopobium cluster, and Clostridium histolyticum group was not shown during incubation. Acetic acid was the main short chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced during the fermentation process; the highest levels of this acid were shown by alternansucrase raffinose acceptor pentasaccharides at 10 h (63.11 mM) and heptasaccharides at 24 h (54.71 mM). No significant differences between the gas volume produced by the mixture of raffinose-based oligosaccharides (DP5-DP10) and inulin after 24 h of incubation were detected, whereas lower gas volume was generated by DP4 oligosaccharides. These findings indicate that novel raffinose-derived oligosaccharides (DP4-DP10) could be a new source of prebiotic carbohydrates.  相似文献   

Effects of sex and age on genotype x environment interaction for beef cattle body weight studied using reaction norm models     

Pegolo NT  Albuquerque LG  Lôbo RB  de Oliveira HN 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(11):3410-3425

The interest in the effect of genotype × environment interaction is increasing because animal breeding programs have become geographically broader. Climate changes in the next decades are also expected to challenge the present breeding goals, increasing the importance of environmental sensitivity. The aim of this work was to analyze genotype × environment interaction effect on cattle BW using the environmental sensitivity predicted by random regression reaction norm models, including sex and age effects as additional dimensions in the study. Genetic parameters were estimated for adjusted BW of Brazilian Nelore cattle at different ages (120, 210, 365, and 450 d), using linear polynomials for random regression analysis. The analyses with sex as a fixed effect (total analyses) were compared with those with sex-separated progenies (male and female progeny analyses, respectively). (Co)variance components were estimated and breeding values calculated EPD. The results showed important differences in reaction norm model genetic parameter estimates according to different age and sex analyses. The results confirmed the presence of an important genotype × environment × sex × age interaction for Nelore cattle BW. The patterns in these results lead to a revision of the importance of sexual and developmental factors on plasticity and adaptation concepts.  相似文献   

Ripening influences banana and plantain peels composition and energy content     

Emaga  Thomas Happi  Bindelle  Jérôme  Agneesens  Richard  Buldgen  André  Wathelet  Bernard  Paquot  Michel 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(1):171-177

Musa sp. peels are widely used by smallholders as complementary feeds for cattle in the tropics. A study of the influence of the variety and the maturation stage of the fruit on fermentability and metabolisable energy (ME) content of the peels was performed using banana (Yangambi Km5) and plantain (Big Ebanga) peels at three stages of maturation in an in vitro model of the rumen. Peel samples were analysed for starch, free sugars and fibre composition. Samples were incubated in the presence of rumen fluid. Kinetics of gas production were modelled, ME content was calculated using prediction equation and short-chain fatty acids production and molar ratio were measured after 72 h of fermentation. Final gas production was higher in plantain (269–339 ml g⁻¹) compared to banana (237–328 ml g⁻¹) and plantain exhibited higher ME contents (8.9–9.7 MJ/kg of dry matter, DM) compared to banana (7.7–8.8 MJ/kg of DM). Butyrate molar ratio decreased with maturity of the peels. The main influence of the variety and the stage of maturation on all fermentation parameters as well as ME contents of the peels was correlated to changes in the carbohydrate fraction of the peels, including starch and fibre.  相似文献   

Characterization of semen collected by pharmacologically induced ejaculation from a stallion with seminal vesiculitis     

Thaís Mendes Sanches Cavalero  Lorenzo Garrido Teixeira M. Segabinazzi  Verônica Flores da Cunha Scheeren  Camila P. Freitas-Dell'Aqua  Frederico Ozanam Papa 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(12):1808-1811

The present study compared the quality of sperm collected by artificial vagina or pharmacologically induced ejaculation from a 10-year-old thoroughbred stallion with seminal vesiculitis. The pharmacological protocol involved intravenous administration of detomidine (0.01 mg/kg) and oxytocin (20 IU) and successfully induced ejaculation in all attempts of semen collection. Sperm motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity (PMAI), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) percentage, and bacterial profiles of fresh and cooled semen (5°C for 24 hr) were evaluated. Semen obtained by the pharmacological method presented reduced seminal volume, decreased PMN percentage and superior sperm motility in cooled samples. Moreover, higher PMAI and lower ROS levels were observed in semen collected by the pharmacological method. Therefore, pharmacologically induced ejaculation is an alternative to obtain semen with minimal contamination and with sperm of superior quality and longevity from stallions with seminal vesiculitis.  相似文献   

Morphophysiology of forage peanut submitted to different intensities of defoliation on grazing with sheep     

Costa  Olmar Antônio Denardin  Ferreira  Otoniel Geter Lauz  Henrique  Douglas Sampaio  Vaz  Ricardo Zambarda  Fluck  Ana Carolina  Paris  Wagner  Kröning  Alexsandro Bahr  Griffith  Luis Alberto Alonzo  Matos  Oscar Ivan Tuz 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(2):547-554

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The aim was to monitor the growth, the dry mass accumulation curve, and the structural photosynthetic components of forage peanut pasture, in different...  相似文献   

Optimum Nutrient Concentrations and CND Scores of Mature White Spruce Determined Using a Boundary-Line Approach and Spatial Variation of Tree Growth and Nutrition     

Pierre-Olivier Quesnel  Benoît Côté  James W. Fyles  Alison D. Munson 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(11):1999-2018

ABSTRACT

Standards of optimum nutrition are not readily available for mature trees of the Canadian boreal forest. The objective of this study was to determine foliar nutritional standards for white spruce for all major nutrients [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn)] using critical values (CVA) and compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND). Trees were sampled at two locations in Ontario and Quebec to cover a gradient of soil fertility levels. A boundary-line approach was used in combination with quadratic regression models to estimate the relationship between growth and foliar-nutrient concentrations or CND scores when free of the effects of interacting environmental factors. White spruce optimum nutrition ranges were computed from significant relationships (P ≤ 0.10) for N, P, K, Ca, and Mn concentrations and for N, P, and K CND scores. Optimum concentrations for first-year needles were 12.3, 1.9, 7.3, 6.5, and 0.39 mg g^?1 for N, P, K Ca, and Mn, respectively, whereas optimum CND scores were 0.17, ?1.65, ?0.40, and ?0.30 for N, P, K, and Ca, respectively. Samples from a broader range of environmental conditions will be required in order to establish standards for all major nutrients and to ascertain toxicity levels of most nutrients.  相似文献   

BORON UPTAKE AND DISTRIBUTION IN FIELD GROWN CITRUS TREES     

Rodrigo Marcelli Boaretto  José Antônio Quaggio  Dirceu Mattos Jr.  Takashi Muraoka  Antonio Enedi Boaretto 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(6):839-849

In low fertility tropical soils, boron (B) deficiency impairs fruit production. However, little information is available on the efficiency of nutrient application and use by trees. Therefore, this work verified the effects of soil and foliar applications of boron in a commercial citrus orchard. An experiment was conducted with fertigated 4-year-old ‘Valencia’ sweet orange trees on ‘Swingle’ citrumelo rootstock. Boron (isotopically-enriched ¹⁰B) was supplied to trees once or twice in the growing season, either dripped in the soil or sprayed on the leaves. Trees were sampled at different periods and separated into different parts for total B contents and ¹⁰B/¹¹B isotope ratios analyses. Soil B applied via fertigation was more efficient than foliar application for the organs grown after the B fertilization. Recovery of labeled B by fruits was 21% for fertigation and 7% for foliar application. Residual effects of nutrient application in the grove were observed in the year after labeled fertilizer application, which greater proportions derived from the soil supply.  相似文献   

Phoma stem canker (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptosphaeria maculans/L. biglobosa</Emphasis>) of oilseed rape (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Brassica napus</Emphasis>): is the G<Subscript>2</Subscript> Disease Index a good indicator of the distribution of observed canker severities?     

Lô-Pelzer E.  Aubertot J. N.  Bousset L.  Pinochet X.  Jeuffroy M. H. 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,125(4):515-522

Several disease indices (DI) have been proposed to assess the severity of phoma stem canker at late growth stages. The DI commonly used in France (called G₂ DI) consists of integrating the distribution of the proportions of plants observed within six canker severity classes into a single index. This index uses arbitrarily chosen coefficients associated to each class of canker severity. A given value of this DI can therefore be obtained with different distributions among the canker severity classes. Consequently, it is important to assess to what extent the G₂ DI is representative of the distribution of plants in canker severity classes. We show in this study that the G₂ DI is a good indicator of the distribution of the observed canker severities, using a dataset from different years, sites and cultivars; this illustrates the robustness of the G₂ DI.  相似文献