Maximizing the diagnostic value of cytology in small animal practice.     

Leslie C Sharkey  Sharon M Dial  Michael E Matz 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2007,37(2):351-72, vii

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Parasitism of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichoderma</Emphasis> on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Meloidogyne javanica</Emphasis> and role of the gelatinous matrix     

Edna Sharon  Ilan Chet  Ada Viterbo  Meira Bar-Eyal  Harel Nagan  Gary J. Samuels  Yitzhak Spiegel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(3):247-258

Trichoderma (T. asperellum-203, 44 and GH11; T. atroviride-IMI 206040 and T. harzianum-248) parasitism on Meloidogyne javanica life stages was examined in vitro. Conidium attachment and parasitism differed beween the fungi. Egg masses, their derived eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) were parasitized by Trichoderma asperellum-203, 44, and T. atroviride following conidium attachment. Trichoderma asperellum-GH11 attached to the nematodes but exhibited reduced penetration, whereas growth of T. harzianum-248 attached to egg masses was inhibited. Only a few conidia of the different fungi were attached to eggs and J2s without gelatinous matrix; the eggs were penetrated and parasitized by few hyphae, while J2s were rarely parasitized by the fungi. The gelatinous matrix specifically induced J2 immobilization by T. asperellum-203, 44 and T. atroviride metabolites that immobilized the J2s. A constitutive-GFP-expressing T. asperellum-203 construct was used to visualize fungal penetration of the nematodes. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the formation of coiling and appressorium-like structures upon attachment and parasitism by T. asperellum-203 and T. atroviride. Gelatinous matrix agglutinated T. asperellum-203 and T. atroviride conidia, a process that was Ca²⁺-dependent. Conidium agglutination was inhibited by carbohydrates, including fucose, as was conidium attachment to the nematodes. All but T. harzianum could grow on the gelatinous matrix, which enhanced conidium germination. A biomimetic system based on gelatinous-matrix-coated nylon fibers demonstrated the role of the matrix in parasitism: T. asperellum-203 and T. atroviride conidia attached specifically to the gelatinous-matrix-coated fibers and parasitic growth patterns, such as coiling, branching and appressoria-like structures, were induced in both fungi, similarly to those observed during nematode parasitism. All Trichoderma isolates exhibited nematode biocontrol activity in pot experiments with tomato plants. Parasitic interactions were demonstrated in planta: females and egg masses dissected from tomato roots grown in T. asperellum-203-treated soil were examined and found to be parasitized by the fungus. This study demonstrates biocontrol activities of Trichoderma isolates and their parasitic capabilities on M. javanica, elucidating the importance of the gelatinous matrix in the fungal parasitism.  相似文献   

A Syndrome Resembling Idiopathic Noncirrhotic Portal Hypertension in 4 Young Doberman Pinschers   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JoAnn DeMarco  Sharon A. Center  Nathan Dykes  Amy E. Yeager  Bruce Kornreich  Ed Gschrey  Kelly A. Credille  Magali Guffroy  Fabio del  Piero Beth A. Valentine 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1998,12(3):147-156

We describe 4 young male Doberman Pinschers (3 littermates and 1 unrelated dog) with a syndrome resembling idiopathic or noncirrhotic portal hypertension of humans. Each dog was evaluated for a hepatopathy resulting in portal hypertension, development of portosystemic collateral vessels, and hepatic encephalopathy. These dogs differ from previous reports of young dogs with hepatic insufficiency associated with portal hypertension and acquired portal systemic shunting by their lack of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistulae, portal vein atresia, or intrahepatic fibrosis. Clinicopathologic features included erythrocyte microcytosis, normal to mildly increased liver enzyme activities, increased concentrations of serum bile acids, reduced plasma indocyanine green clearance, and normal total bilirubin concentration. Abdominal ultrasonography disclosed a small liver and portosystemic collateral vessels. Radiographic imaging studies confirmed hepatofugal portal circulation and discounted hepatic arteriovenous fistulae. Histopathologic features in liver tissue from each dog were similar and consistent in all sections examined. Common findings included increased cross-sectional views of hepatic arterioles; hepatic lobular atrophy; scanty increase in connective tissue around some large portal triads; and absence of inflammation, disturbed lobular architecture, bile duct proliferation, or intrahepatic cholestasis.  相似文献   

The longevity of immunoglobulin preservation in canine skin utilizing Michel's fixative     

Peter J. Ihrke  Anthony A. Stannard  Alex A. Ardans  Sharon G. Yaskulski 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1985,9(2):161-170

Skin biopsy specimens from 7 dogs with immune-mediated skin diseases diagnosed by routine histology and 5 dogs with other skin diseases were placed in Michel's transport medium for 4 to 9 years. Direct immunofluorescence yielded positive results in tissue samples from 3 dogs with pemphigus foliaceus and 2 dogs with discoid lupus erythematosus. Direct immunofluorescence was not seen in tissue samples from 1 dog with pemphigus foliaceus and 5 dogs with non immune-mediated skin diseases. Direct immunofluorescence was seen in skin biopsy specimens maintained in Michel's medium for 4 to 8 years.  相似文献   

Reference values of the brainstem auditory evoked response of methoxyflurane anesthetized and unanesthetized dogs     

L. J. Myers  Richard W. Redding  Sharon Wilson 《Veterinary research communications》1985,9(1):289-294

The brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) was recorded from 7 unanesthetized and 27 methoxyflurane anesthetized dogs. A 0.1 msec, 70 dB stimulus delivered at 10 Hz evoked the expected seven wave BAER. Mean peak wave latencies and standard deviations were calculated. Differences were not found between neither right and left ears, nor male and female dogs. The anesthetized dogs had a significantly longer latency for all waves, except wave I, than the unanesthetized dogs. Use of the BAER as a diagnostic technique for brainstem lesions is recommended.Publication No. 1702, School of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849, USA  相似文献   

The periderms of three North American conifers     

G. A. Grozdits  Sharon E. Godkin  C. T. Keith 《Wood Science and Technology》1982,16(4):305-316

Summary The anatomy of periderms in three North American conifers are described and compared. The phellems of balsam fir and eastern hemlock consist of tangential bands of thin-walled phellem (TnP) separated by one, or sometimes more, cell layers of thick-walled phellem (TkP). The phellem of white spruce contains tangential bands of TnP and TkP, as well as one to several cell layers of crystalliferous phellem (CP) abaxially adjacent to every TkP zone. The TkP, and to a lesser extent the TnP, are distinctive for each of the three conifers.The terminations of phellem growth cycles in fir and hemlock are delineated by thickened adaxial suberinic walls in the last-formed layer of TnP cells. In spruce, the adaxial suberinic walls of the last-formed layer of CP cells are thickened. TkP marks the geginning of phellem growth cycles in all three conifers.TkP cells are true suberized phellem cells, not phelloids.  相似文献   

Processes affecting the dissipation of the herbicide isoxaflutole and its diketonitrile metabolite in agricultural soils under field conditions     

Papiernik SK  Yates SR  Koskinen WC  Barber B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(21):8630-8639

Two-year field dissipation studies were conducted in three soil types in Minnesota to examine the processes affecting the dissipation of the herbicide isoxaflutole and its phytotoxic diketonitrile metabolite (DKN) under relatively cool, wet soil conditions. Plots of cuphea were treated with isoxaflutole and potassium bromide, a nonsorbed, nondegraded tracer. Replicate soil cores were collected six times during the growing season to a depth of 1 m, and the bromide or herbicide concentration was measured in each of five depth increments. The dissipation half-life (DT50) of isoxaflutole + DKN was 8-18 days in each soil. Bromide and herbicide concentrations were low at depths >40 cm throughout the study, and herbicide concentrations in soil 100 days after application were usually undetectable. Simulation modeling using Hydrus-1D for the loam soil suggested that plant uptake was an important mechanism of dissipation.  相似文献   

Evaluation of harmful algal bloom outreach activities          下载免费PDF全文

Fleming LE  Jerez E  Stephan WB  Cassedy A  Bean JA  Reich A  Kirkpatrick B  Backer L  Nierenberg K  Watkins S  Hollenbeck J  Weisman R 《Marine drugs》2007,5(4):208-219

With an apparent increase of harmful algal blooms (HABs) worldwide, healthcare providers, public health personnel and coastal managers are struggling to provide scientifically-based appropriately-targeted HAB outreach and education. Since 1998, the Florida Poison Information Center-Miami, with its 24 hour/365 day/year free Aquatic Toxins Hotline (1–888–232–8635) available in several languages, has received over 25,000 HAB-related calls. As part of HAB surveillance, all possible cases of HAB-related illness among callers are reported to the Florida Health Department. This pilot study evaluated an automated call processing menu system that allows callers to access bilingual HAB information, and to speak directly with a trained Poison Information Specialist. The majority (68%) of callers reported satisfaction with the information, and many provided specific suggestions for improvement. This pilot study, the first known evaluation of use and satisfaction with HAB educational outreach materials, demonstrated that the automated system provided useful HAB-related information for the majority of callers, and decreased the routine informational call workload for the Poison Information Specialists, allowing them to focus on callers needing immediate assistance and their healthcare providers. These results will lead to improvement of this valuable HAB outreach, education and surveillance tool. Formal evaluation is recommended for future HAB outreach and educational materials.  相似文献   

Control of ion transport by the sperm duct epithelium of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)     

William S. Marshall  Sharon E. Bryson  David R. Idler 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1989,7(1-6):331-336

The sperm duct epithelium of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), mountedin vitro in Ussing-style epithelial chambers actively absorbs Na⁺ (measured as the short-circuit current, I_sc) and secretes K⁺ (measured using⁸⁶Rb⁺ as tracer). Dibutyryl-cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP) and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IMX) produce a rapid, sustained stimulation of both ion transport processes, but the hormone connected to the response is unknown. Purified sockeye salmon CON A2 gonadotropin (GtH) produces a dose-dependent, rapid and sustained rise in Na⁺ uptake and K⁺ secretion. The time course, electrophysiological and transport characteristics are similar to those evoked by IMX. Carbohydrate-poor (chum salmon CON A1) GtH is ineffective. Pretreatment of fish with 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α,20β-P) significantly increases milt volume but is without effect on resting or stimulated (IMX + db-cAMP) levels of sperm duct ion transport. This is the first indication of a direct, rapid action of GtH on ion transport by the vertebrate blood-testis barrier. The results suggest direct involvement of GtH in control of later stages of sperm maturation.  相似文献   

Volume regulation in glutathione-treated brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) erythrocytes     

William S. Marshall  Sharon E. Bryson  M. Michelle Sapp 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1990,8(1):19-28

Brook trout erythrocytes that were washed with and suspended in Ringer's solution with reduced glutathione (1.0 mM) maintained steady state cell volume for up to 24h, while those without the thiol-protective agent steadily shrank. Changes in cell volume (measured as packed cell volume, PCV) were evoked by acidic media (Ringer's at pH 6.8), hypoosmotic solutions (or both) and intracellular K⁺ and Cl⁻ concentrations were monitored over 4h. Acid-swollen cells failed to volume regulate or release K⁺ but had significantly elevated intracellular Cl⁻ Osmotically-swollen cells at pH 7.8 but not at pH 6.8 underwent regulatory volume decrease (RVD) and returned to initial levels in 2h, accompanied by release of K⁺ and Cl⁻ In contrast, osmotically-shrunken cells did not show regulatory volume increase. The regulatory volume decrease and concomitant K⁺ release were dependent on Cl⁻ implying a direct or indirect coupling of K⁺ to Cl⁻ transport in volume regulation. RVD was partially blocked by 4,4′-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS, 0.1 mM), an anion exchange blocker, but was unaffected by amiloride (1.0 mM) which blocks Na⁺/H⁺ exchange. Amiloride and DIDS prevented the swelling response to low pH but had no effect on control cells, suggesting involvement of Na⁺/H⁺ and Cl⁻/HCO₃ ⁻ exchanges in acid-induced cell swelling. Quinine (1.0 mM) a known blocker of K⁺ channels, exacerbated the osmotically-induced swelling but had little effect on the subsequent RVD and release of KCl. The results suggest that low extracellular pH inhibits neutral C⁻-dependent K⁺ release and the resultant regulatory volume decrease in osmotically-swollen cells.  相似文献