Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with iron deficiency chlorosis resistance in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)     

Santosh K. Pattanashetti  Manish K. Pandey  Gopalakrishna K. Naidu  Manish K. Vishwakarma  Omprakash Kumar Singh  Yaduru Shasidhar  Ishwar H. Boodi  Basavaraj D. Biradar  Roma Rani Das  Abhishek Rathore  Rajeev K. Varshney 《Plant Breeding》2020,139(4):790-803

Iron deficiency chlorosis is an important abiotic stress affecting groundnut production worldwide in calcareous and alkaline soils with a pH of 7.5–8.5. To identify genomic regions controlling iron deficiency chlorosis resistance in groundnut, the recombinant inbred line population from the cross TAG 24 × ICGV 86031 was evaluated for associated traits like visual chlorosis rating and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading across three crop growth stages for two consecutive years. Thirty-two QTLs were identified for visual chlorosis rating (3.9%–31.8% phenotypic variance explained [PVE]) and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading [3.8%–11% PVE] across three stages over 2 years. This is the first report of identification of QTLs for iron deficiency chlorosis resistance-associated traits in groundnut. Three major QTLs (>10% PVE) were identified at severe stage, while majority of other QTLs were having small effects. Interestingly, two major QTLs for visual chlorosis rating at 60 days (2013) and 90 days (2014) were located at same position on LG AhXIII. The identified QTLs/markers after validation across diverse genetic material could be used in genomics-assisted breeding.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the Antibacterial and Prebiotic Potential of Ascophyllum nodosum and Its Extracts Using Selected Bacterial Members of the Pig Gastrointestinal Microbiota     

Brigkita Venardou  John V. O&#x;Doherty  Marco Garcia-Vaquero  Claire Kiely  Gaurav Rajauria  Mary J. McDonnell  Marion T. Ryan  Torres Sweeney 《Marine drugs》2022,20(1)

Ascophyllum nodosum and its extracts are promising antibacterial and prebiotic dietary supplements for pigs. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of the increasing concentrations of: (1) two whole biomass samples of A. nodosum with different harvest seasons, February (ANWB-F) and November (ANWB-N), in a weaned pig faecal batch fermentation assay, and (2) A. nodosum extracts produced using four different extraction conditions of a hydrothermal-assisted extraction methodology (ANE1–4) and conventional extraction methods with water (ANWE) and ethanol (ANEE) as solvent in individual pure culture growth assays using a panel of beneficial and pathogenic bacterial strains. In the batch fermentation assay, ANWB-F reduced Bifidobacterium spp. counts (p < 0.05) while ANWB-N increased total bacterial counts and reduced Bifidobacterium spp. and Enterobacteriaceae counts (p < 0.05). Of the ANE1–4, produced from ANWB-F, ANWE and ANEE that were evaluated in the pure culture growth assays, the most interesting extracts were the ANE1 that reduced Salmonella Typhimurium, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and B. thermophilum counts and the ANE4 that stimulated B. thermophilum growth (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the extraction method and conditions influenced the bioactivities of the A. nodosum extracts with ANE1 and ANE4 exhibiting distinct antibacterial and prebiotic properties in vitro, respectively, that merit further exploration.  相似文献   

Haloxylon stocksii (Boiss.) Benth. et Hook. f., a promising halophyte: distribution, cultivation and utilization     

V. S. Rathore  J. P. Singh  M. M. Roy 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(6):1213-1221

Neglected and underutilized species often play a vital role in securing food and livestock feed, income generation and energy needs of rural population. In spite of their great potential little attention has been given to these species. Khar, Haloxylon stocksii (Boiss.) Benth. et Hook. f. (syn. Haloxylon recurvum sensu Bunge in Boiss.) (Chenopodiaceae) is a halophyte shrub naturally growing in the arid and semi-arid saline lands. The species has been used for making Saji and a number of other beneficial applications that include the use as fodder, folk medicine and plant ash as washing agent. Moreover the species is tolerant to environmental stresses, which make it suitable for cultivation in saline land of arid and semi-arid regions. One major factor hampering its successful improvement and promotion is the limited and scattered knowledge available on this species. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance of H. stocksii by presenting information on species’ occurrence, ecology, uses, cultivation and ethnobotany to stimulate interest to promote its domestication and commercialization for regional and global markets.  相似文献   

EST‐SSR analysis provides insights about genetic relatedness,population structure and gene flow in grass pea (Lathyrus sativus)          下载免费PDF全文

Khela R. Soren  Ashutosh Yadav  Gaurav Pandey  Priyanka Gangwar  Ashok K. Parihar  Abhishek Bohra  Girish P. Dixit  Subhojit Datta  Narendra Pratap Singh 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(3):338-344

Grass pea (Lathyrus sativus) is an important food‐legume crop for resource‐poor farmers in the developing world. However, given its cultivation in the most underprivileged regions, the crop has not received appropriate scientific attention particularly from the genomic perspective, thereby giving it a status of genomic orphan. Nevertheless, some recent studies have attempted to develop modern molecular tools to strengthen the genetic and genomic research. In the present investigation, a comprehensive collection comprising 176 accessions was analysed using EST‐simple sequence repeats (SSRs). The SSR analysis revealed existence of a total of 51 alleles with an average polymorphic information content value of 0.35. A moderate level of gene diversity was noticed that ranged from 0.04 to 0.73 with an average of 0.43. Noticeably, two distinct subpopulations were recovered using cluster analysis. In addition, the presence of admixtures in population reflected the strong possibilities of gene flow between the accessions across the geographical boundary. In summary, we provide additional insights about the informativeness of available EST‐SSR markers along with an extended understanding of relatedness, genetic structure and gene flow in an under‐researched legume crop.  相似文献   

Effects of Water Hardness and Metal Concentration on a Freshwater Tubifex Tubifex Muller     

Rathore  Rashmi Singh  Khangarot  B. S. 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2003,142(1-4):341-356

The present investigation was designed to determine the effectsof water hardness and heavy metals concentrations on a freshwaterTubifex tubifex. Very few data concerning the effect of water hardness on the acute toxicity of heavy metals are available on T. tubifex, which has been proposed as a testorganism for ecotoxicological studies. The effect of water hardness on the toxicity of heavy metals is discussed. The acutetoxicity of selected heavy metals to a freshwater T. tubifex Muller was determined in very soft, soft, hard and veryhard (12, 45, 170 and 300 mg CaCO₃ L^-1 total hardness,respectively) water. Percentage mortality of T. tubifex as influenced by heavy metals was studied in water of variable hardness. Water hardness had a significant effect on heavy metalstoxicity. The concentrations of metals necessary to immobilize 50% of the test animals at 24, 48, 72, 96 hr were significantlydifferent in soft and hard water. The 96 hr EC₅₀ valuesfor T. tubifex were higher in hard and very hard watercompared with soft and very soft water. Median effectiveconcentrations (EC₅₀) and their 95% confidence limits weredetermined for cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, and zinc during exposure for 24, 48,72 and 96 hr in four different water hardness. Hardness has a muchsmaller effect upon the acute toxicity of mercury than the otherheavy metals tested. The results indicate that Cu, Cd, Hg and Zninduced autotomy of the caudal region and mucus production. It isconcluded that water hardness parameters should be considered inestablishing appropriate water quality criteria and standards forthe protection of aquatic fauna and flora, and ultimately human health.  相似文献   

Alleviation of drought stress in maize (Zea mays L.) by using endogenous endophyte Bacillus subtilis in North West Himalayas     

Gaurav Sood  Rajesh Kaushal  Minakshi Sharma 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2020,70(5):361-370

ABSTRACT

In the present study, we reported the isolation and molecular characterisation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-producing endophyte and its effect on alleviating drought stress in maize. Ten morphologically distinct indigenous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) from maize roots and rhizosphere were screened for multiple plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, and of ten, two strains (DHK and B1N1) possessing maximum PGP traits were evaluated at three water stress regimes in maize: (i) 80% field capacity (FC), (ii) 60% FC, and (iii) 40% FC for 45 days, starting 15 days after sowing to the maturity. Inoculation of DHK strain with maize at 80% FC induced a significant increase in plant biomass (root biomass, 86.67%; shoot biomass, 111.63%) together with decreased reactive oxygen species and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, 14.11?U/g fresh weight; peroxidase, 1.14?U/g fresh weight and catalase; 14.91?U/g fresh weight) compared to uninoculated control at same water regime (80% FC). The derivative strain also significantly accrued nutrients in maize and enhanced total chlorophyll and amino acid content in comparison with non-inoculated plants. 16S rDNA analysis of DHK strain revealed its lineage to Bacillus subtilis. Present investigations demonstrated the potential of the bacterial partner in alleviating drought stress in maize.  相似文献   

Water use efficiency of irrigated wheat in the Tarai region of India   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

H. S. Mishra  T. R. Rathore  V. S. Tomar 《Irrigation Science》1995,16(2):75-80

Experiments were conducted during the winter seasons of 1983–1984 and 1984–1985 to identify suitable irrigation regimes s for wheat grown after rice in soils with naturally fluctuating shallow water table (SWT) at a depth of 0.4 to 0.9 m and medium water table (MWT) at a depth of 0.8 to 1.3 m. Based on physiological stages, the crop was subjected to six irrigation regimes viz., rainfed (I₀); irrigation only at crown root initiation (I₁); at only crown root initiation and milk (I₂); at crown root initiation, maximum tillering and milk (I₃); at crown root initiation, maximum tillering, flowering and milk (I₄); and at crown root initiation, maximum tillering, flowering milk and dough (I₅). Tube-well water with an EC <0.4 dsm^–1 was used for irrigation. Based on 166 mm effective precipitation during the cropping season, 1983–1984 was designated as a wet year and 1984–1985 with 51 mm as a dry year. The change in profile soil water content W (depletion) in the wet year was less (23%) under SWT and 10% under MWT as compared to the dry year. The ground water contribution (GWC) to evapotranspiration (ET) was 58% under SWT and 42% under MWT conditions in both the years. The GWC in the wet year was 20% under SWT and 23% under MWT. Of the total net water use (NWU), about 85% was ET and 15% drainage losses. The NWU was highest (641 and 586 mm) in I₅ under SWT and MWT conditions, respectively, but not the yield (5069 kg ha^–1). Compared to I₅, NWU in I₂ treatment decreased by 10% in the wet and 25% in the dry year. A similar trend was observed in the I₃ treatment under MWT condition. However, there was no statistically significant difference between yields of the I₁ to I₅ treatments of either water table depth during the wet year. This was also true during the dry year for the I₂ to I₅ treatments. Under SWT, in I₂, the grain yield was 5130 kg ha^–1 and under I₃ regime, 5200 kg ha^–1. Under MWT in I₃, the yield was 5188 kg ha^–1 and under I₄ regime, 5218 kg ha^–1. Thus it appears that in the Tarai region where the water table remains shallow (<0.9 m) and medium (<1.3 m) for most of the wheat growing season applications of more than 120 and 180 mm irrigation under SWT and MWT conditions, respectively were not necessary. Irrigation given only at crown root initiation and milk stages under shallow water table conditions, and at crown root initiation, maximum tillering and milk stages under medium water table conditions, appears to be as effective as frequent irrigations.  相似文献   

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Agrobacterium</Emphasis>-mediated genetic transformation of pigeon pea [<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cajanus cajan</Emphasis> (L.) Millsp.] for resistance to legume pod borer <Emphasis Type="Italic">Helicoverpa armigera</Emphasis>     

Gaurav?KrishnaEmail author  P.?Sairam?Reddy  Pramod?W.?Ramteke  Pogiri?Rambabu  Kailas?Bhagawanrao?Tawar  Parthasarathi?Bhattacharya 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2011,14(3):197-204

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation was performed using embryonic axes explants of pigeon pea. Both legume pod borer resistant gene (cry1Ac) and plant selectable marker neomycine phosphor transferase (nptII) genes under the constitutive expression of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (CaMV35S) assembled in pPZP211 binary vector were used for the experiments. An optimum average of 44.61% successfully hardened dot blot Southern hybridization positive plants were obtained on co-cultivation media supplemented with 200 μM acetosyringone without L-cysteine. The increased transformation efficiency from a baseline of 11.53% without acetosyringone to 44.61% with acetosyringone was further declined with the addition of different concentrations of L-cysteine to co-cultivation media. Transgenic shoots were selected on 50 and 75 mg L⁻¹ kanamycin. Rooting efficiency was 100% on half-strength Murashige and Skoog medium with 20 g L⁻¹ sucrose and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ indole butyric acid in the absence of kanamycin. Furthermore, 100% seed setting was found among all the transgenic events. The plants obtained were subjected to multi- and nochoice tests to determine the behavioral responses and mortality through Helicoverpa armigera bioassays on the leaf and relate their relationship with the expression of cry1Ac protein which was found to be less in leaf as compared to the floral buds, anther, pod, and seed.  相似文献   

Evaluation of Ultrasound,Microwave, Ultrasound–Microwave,Hydrothermal and High Pressure Assisted Extraction Technologies for the Recovery of Phytochemicals and Antioxidants from Brown Macroalgae     

Marco Garcia-Vaquero  Rajeev Ravindran  Orla Walsh  John O&#x;Doherty  Amit K. Jaiswal  Brijesh K. Tiwari  Gaurav Rajauria 《Marine drugs》2021,19(6)

This study aims to explore novel extraction technologies (ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound–microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE), hydrothermal-assisted extraction (HAE) and high-pressure-assisted extraction (HPAE)) and extraction time post-treatment (0 and 24 h) for the recovery of phytochemicals and associated antioxidant properties from Fucus vesiculosus and Pelvetia canaliculata. When using fixed extraction conditions (solvent: 50% ethanol; extraction time: 10 min; algae/solvent ratio: 1/10) for all the novel technologies, UAE generated extracts with the highest phytochemical contents from both macroalgae. The highest yields of compounds extracted from F. vesiculosus using UAE were: total phenolic content (445.0 ± 4.6 mg gallic acid equivalents/g), total phlorotannin content (362.9 ± 3.7 mg phloroglucinol equivalents/g), total flavonoid content (286.3 ± 7.8 mg quercetin equivalents/g) and total tannin content (189.1 ± 4.4 mg catechin equivalents/g). In the case of the antioxidant activities, the highest DPPH activities were achieved by UAE and UMAE from both macroalgae, while no clear pattern was recorded in the case of FRAP activities. The highest DPPH scavenging activities (112.5 ± 0.7 mg trolox equivalents/g) and FRAP activities (284.8 ± 2.2 mg trolox equivalents/g) were achieved from F. vesiculosus. Following the extraction treatment, an additional storage post-extraction (24 h) did not improve the yields of phytochemicals or antioxidant properties of the extracts.  相似文献   

Biomass,carbon stocks estimation and predictive modeling in mango based land uses on degraded lands in Indian Sub-Himalayas     

Rathore  Avinash Chandra  Mehta  Harsh  Islam  Sadikul  Saroj  P. L.  Sharma  N. K.  Jayaprakash  J.  Gupta  A. K.  Dubey  R. K.  Ghosh  B. N.  Prasad  Ram  Kumar  Dinesh  Raizada  A. 《Agroforestry Systems》2021,95(8):1563-1575

Agroforestry Systems - This study aims to develop predictive models for standing stocks of biomass and carbon of an entire tree based on harvested biomass in mango (Mangifera indica L.) alongwith...  相似文献