Detection and recovery of Rhizoctonia solani in naturally infested glasshouse soils using a combined baiting, double monoclonal antibody ELISA     

Thornton  O'Neill  Hilton  & Gilligan 《Plant pathology》1999,48(5):627-634

A combined baiting, double monoclonal antibody immunoassay was developed that allows specific and sensitive detection of the economically important soil-borne plant pathogen Rhizoctonia solani in naturally infested soils. The assay is quick, taking only three days to complete from receipt of soil samples and the immunoassay format allows recovery of Rhizoctonia isolates from colonized baits for determination of anastomosis group (AG) affiliation and pathogenicity. The assay was tested on naturally infested soils from commercial glasshouses used to grow lettuce. Using the immunoassay, conventional anastomosis tests against known AG isolates, and pathogenicity tests, it was shown that R. solani isolates recovered from soil samples were pathogenic towards lettuce and belonged to AG4. Furthermore, those isolates that exhibited strong pathogenicity towards lettuce were recovered from sites that had experienced severe Rhizoctonia damage in previous lettuce crops. The possibility of developing a preplanting test to predict damage to specific crop plants due to the presence of particular AGs in the soil is discussed.  相似文献   

Characterization of the trade in manta and devil ray gill plates in China and South‐east Asia through trader surveys          下载免费PDF全文

Mary p. O'Malley  Kathy A. Townsend  Paul Hilton  Shawn Heinrichs  Joshua D. Stewart 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2017,27(2):394-413

Protein and energy utilization and the requirements for maintenance in juvenile mulloway (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Argyrosomus japonicus</Emphasis>)     

Igor Pirozzi  Mark A. Booth  Geoff L. Allan 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2010,36(1):109-121

This study describes the digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) utilization in juvenile mulloway, and determined the requirements for maintenance. This was achieved by feeding triplicate groups of fish weighing 40 or 129 g held at two temperatures (20 or 26°C), on a commercial diet (21.4 g DP mJ DE⁻¹) at four different ration levels ranging from 0.25% of its initial body weight to apparent satiation over 8 weeks. Weight gain and protein and energy retention increased linearly with increasing feed intake. However, energy retention efficiency (ERE) and protein retention efficiency (PRE) responses were curvilinear with optimal values, depending on fish size, approaching or occurring at satiated feeding levels. Maximum predicted PRE was affected by body size, but not temperature; PRE values were 0.50 and 0.50 for small mulloway, and 0.41 and 0.43 for large mulloway, at 20 and 26°C respectively. ERE demonstrated a similar response, with values of 0.42 and 0.43 for small, and 0.32 and 0.34 for large mulloway at 20 and 26°C respectively. Utilization efficiencies for growth based on linear regression for DP (0.58) and DE (0.60) were independent of fish size and temperature. The partial utilization efficiencies of DE for protein (k _p) and lipid (k _l) deposition estimated using a factorial multiple regression approach were 0.49 and 0.75 respectively. Maintenance requirements estimated using linear regression were independent of temperature for DP (0.47 g DP kg^−0.7 day⁻¹) while maintenance requirements for DE increased with increasing temperature (44.2–49.6 kJ DE kg^−0.8 day⁻¹). Relative feed intake was greatest for small mulloway fed to satiation at 26°C and this corresponded to a greater increase in growth. Large mulloway fed to satiation ate significantly more at 26°C, but did not perform better than the corresponding satiated group held at 20°C. Mulloway should be fed to satiation to maximize growth potential if diets contain 21.4 g DP mJ DE⁻¹.  相似文献   

Book Review: Urban entomology: insect and mite pests in the human environment. William H. Robinson,Chapman and Hall,London and New York, 1996, xv+430 pp., price UK£24.99. ISBN 0-412-60750-6     

Geoff le Patourel 《Pest management science》1998,53(3):264-265

  相似文献   

Adding yeasts with sugar to increase the number of effective insecticide classes to manage Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in cherry          下载免费PDF全文

Alan L Knight  Esteban Basoalto  Wee Yee  Rick Hilton  Cletus P Kurtzman 《Pest management science》2016,72(8):1482-1490

  相似文献   

Filamentous Fungi Isolates of Contaminated Sediment in the Amazon Region with the Potential for Benzo(a)pyrene Degradation     

Hilton Marcelo de Lima Souza  Lara Durães Sette  Adolfo José da Mota  Joaquim Ferreira do Nascimento Neto  André Rodrigues  Tássio Brito de Oliveira  Fernando Mendes de Oliveira  Luiz Antônio de Oliveira  Hileia dos Santos Barroso  Sandra Patricia Zanotto 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(12):431

  相似文献   

Quantifying the respective and additive effects of nectar plant crop borders and withholding insecticides on biological control of pests in subtropical rice     

Pingyang Zhu  Xusong Zheng  Facheng Zhang  Hongxing Xu  Yajun Yang  Guihua Chen  Zhongxian Lu  Anne C. Johnson  Geoff M. Gurr 《Journal of pest science》2018,91(2):575-584

Conservation biological control avoids the need for mass releases of costly agents and the risks associated with introducing exotic agents by promoting existing natural enemies. This is done by alleviating insecticide-induced mortality and by manipulating the habitat to provide resources such as nectar, but there is a dearth of information on the relative and interactive effects of these two approaches. Here we used a large-scale factorial experiment with plots comprised of entire fields to test the effects of, and interactions between, withholding insecticides and planting borders of sesame (Sesamum indicum) on natural enemies and pests over 2 years. We used yellow sticky traps, sweeping netting and sentinel bait plants to monitor natural enemies and pests in the canopy and basal zones of the rice crop. Numbers of rice planthopper egg parasitoids and lepidopterous egg parasitoids in the rice canopy, as well as planthopper parasitism rates, were significantly greater in plots that were unsprayed and bordered by sesame, and scarcest in sprayed crops without sesame. Spraying of sesame-bordered crops gave parasitoid numbers similar to sprayed crops without sesame. Spiders in the canopy were significantly reduced in numbers by spraying, but there was no main effect of sesame borders. This study demonstrates that withholding insecticides and sowing nectar plant borders each have measurable as well as additive benefits on in-crop densities of ecosystem service providers responsible for predating and parasitising pests but the identity of the natural enemy determines the impact of these management practices.  相似文献   

Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) as an indirect assessment of remission status in canine multicentric lymphoma undergoing multi-drug chemotherapy     

Evi Pecceu  Brittainy Stebbing  Yolanda Martinez Pereira  Ian Handel  Geoff Culshaw  Hannah Hodgkiss-Geere  Jessica Lawrence 《Veterinary research communications》2017,41(4):249-256

Vasovagal tonus index (VVTI) is an indirect measure of heart rate variability and may serve as a marker of disease severity. Higher heart rate variability has predicted lower tumour burden and improved survival in humans with various tumour types. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate VVTI as a biomarker of remission status in canine lymphoma. The primary hypothesis was that VVTI would be increased in dogs in remission compared to dogs out of remission. Twenty-seven dogs were prospectively enrolled if they had a diagnosis of intermediate to high-grade lymphoma and underwent multidrug chemotherapy. Serial electrocardiogram data were collected under standard conditions and relationships between VVTI, remission status and other clinical variables were evaluated. VVTI from dogs in remission (partial or complete) did not differ from dogs with fulminant lymphoma (naive or at time of relapse). Dogs in partial remission had higher VVTI than dogs in complete remission (p = 0.021). Higher baseline VVTI was associated with higher subsequent scores (p < 0.001). VVTI also correlated with anxiety level (p = 0.03). Based on this pilot study, VVTI did not hold any obvious promise as a useful clinical biomarker of remission status. Further investigation may better elucidate the clinical and prognostic utility of VVTI in dogs with lymphoma.  相似文献   

Relative importance of seed‐tuber and soilborne inoculum in causing black dot disease of potato     

A. K. Lees  J. L. Brierley  J. A. Stewart  A. J. Hilton  S. J. Wale  P. Gladders  N. J. Bradshaw  J. C. Peters 《Plant pathology》2010,59(4):693-702

Controlled‐environment and field experiments were done to quantify the individual contribution of seed‐tuber and soilborne inoculum of Colletotrichum coccodes in causing black dot disease of potato tubers. Seed‐tuber and soilborne inocula of C. coccodes were quantified using an existing real‐time PCR assay and related to subsequent incidence and severity of disease. In four field trials, a controlled‐environment experiment and through the monitoring of 122 commercial crops, seed‐tuber inoculum was found to be relatively less important than soilborne inoculum in causing black dot, and the level of seed‐tuber inoculum did not significantly affect either the incidence or severity of disease or the percentage of progeny tubers deemed unmarketable. By contrast, soilborne inoculum had the potential to result in high levels of disease and the level of C. coccodes soil infestation (pg DNA g^?1 soil) was found to have a significant effect. At soil infestation levels below 100 pg DNA C. coccodes g^?1 soil, 7% of commercial crops had an incidence of black dot greater than 20%, increasing to 40% and 57% of crops at levels of 100–1000 pg g^?1 and >1000 pg g^?1 soil, respectively. These arbitrary threshold levels for soilborne inoculum related to disease risk are discussed. Interpretation of disease risk based on inoculum levels must, in the future, be informed by agronomic variables and potential control strategies.  相似文献   

Comparative study on responses of cattle and water buffalo (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bubalus bubalis</Emphasis>) to experimental inoculation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brucella abortus</Emphasis> biovar 1 by the intraconjunctival route—a preliminary report     

Abiodun A. Adesiyun  Geoff T. Fosgate  Anil Persad  Mervyn Campbell  Ravi Seebaransingh  Alva Stewart-Johnson 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(8):1685-1694

The preliminary study was conducted to assess the virulence of a strain of Brucella abortus (1969D) and to compare the susceptibility of water buffalo and cattle calves to infection by the intraconjunctival route. Seven of each cattle and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves aged 3–6 months were inoculated intraconjunctivally with counts ranging from 1.5 × 10⁷ to 1.7 × 10¹⁰ colony forming units of B. abortus. Animals were monitored over an 8-week period for clinical manifestations and serological and hematological evidence of infection. At slaughter, eight lymph nodes from each animal were sampled for bacteriological and histopathological assessments. Lymph nodes from three water buffalo (43%) and five cattle (71%) yielded B. abortus (P = 0.048). Parotid/prescapular lymph nodes were most sensitive in detecting B. abortus. Our data suggest that B. abortus strain 1969D may be used as challenge strain, and water buffalo appeared to have a lower susceptibility to B. abortus infection than cattle.  相似文献