Uptake, translocation and metabolism of the herbicide florasulam in wheat and broadleaf weeds   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

deBoer GJ  Thornburgh S  Ehr RJ 《Pest management science》2006,62(4):316-324

Florasulam is a triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide post-emergence broadleaf herbicide for use in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The selectivity of florasulam to wheat has been determined to be related primarily to a differential rate of metabolism between wheat with a half-life of 2.4 h and broadleaf weeds with half-lives ranging from 19 to >48 h. To a lesser extent, selectivity, at least for the broadleaf weed cleavers (Galium aparine L.), involves uptake differences. Rate of metabolism data were generated using greenhouse-grown plants injected with radiolabelled florasulam and subsequent extraction and processing by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Structures of metabolites were determined by isolation for nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Wheat plants metabolised florasulam by hydroxylation of the aniline ring para to the nitrogen, followed by conjugation to glucose. Metabolism by broadleaf weeds was so slow that isolation of metabolite was not possible, but comparison of HPLC data suggested hydroxylation as the major pathway.  相似文献   

Feeding Magnesium Supplement to Foals Reduces Osteochondrosis Prevalence     

Guillaume Counotte  Gerrit KampmanVincent Hinnen  Ir 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

The influence of supplements containing magnesium on the etiology of osteochondrosis (OC) is unknown. We did two studies to measure the effect of additional minerals (especially magnesium) on OC. In study 1 (five studs, in total 64 mares and foals aged 0 to 5 months, equally divided into two groups), supplementation with minerals and placebo was used. Blood samples were taken from foals at age of 2, 8, and 16 weeks. At the same time, milk samples were taken from the mare. Bone biomarkers (osteocalcin and C-terminal telopeptide [CTx] of type I [CTx-1] collagen) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium) were measured in blood and the same minerals in milk of the mare. At the end of the study, the femoropatellar (knee), tarsocrural (hock), and metacarpophalangeal and/or metatarsophalangeal (fetlock) were radiographed and scored for the presence and grade of osteochondrotic lesions. In study 2 (six studs, 54 foals aged 5 to 12 months, equally divided into two groups), the same was repeated. At the start and end of the study, again blood samples were taken and analyzed on the same parameters as in study 1. Also, the same radiography was done. In study 1 in the mineral supplemented group, 21.9% were diagnosed with osteochondrosis compared with 41.9% in the placebo group. In study 2, there was no change in OC between 5 and 12 months in the placebo group whereas there was a drop of 14.3% in incidence in the supplement group. We concluded that magnesium supplementation reduced OC prevalence.  相似文献   

Cell biology. The different hues of lipid rafts     

van Meer G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,296(5569):855-857

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Cell biology. No ESCRTs for exosomes     

Marsh M  van Meer G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5867):1191-1192

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Effects of ethanol on structure and solubility of potato proteins and the effects of its presence during the preparation of a protein isolate     

van Koningsveld GA  Gruppen H  de Jongh HH  Wijngaards G  van Boekel MA  Walstra P  Voragen AG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(10):2947-2956

In this study, a protein isolate with a high solubility at neutral pH was prepared from industrial potato juice by precipitation at pH 5 in the presence of ethanol. The effects of ethanol itself and the effects of its presence during precipitation on the properties of various potato protein fractions were examined. The presence of ethanol significantly reduced the denaturation temperature of potato proteins, indicating that the preparation of this potato protein isolate should be performed at low temperature in order to retain a high solubility. In the presence of ethanol, the thermal unfolding of the tertiary and the secondary structure of patatin was shown to be almost completely independent. Even at 4 degrees C, precipitation of potato proteins in the presence of ethanol induced significant conformational changes. These changes did, however, only result in minor changes in the solubility of the potato protein fractions as a function of pH and heat treatment temperature.  相似文献   

Effect of heat-induced aggregation on the IgE binding of patatin (Sol t 1) is dominated by other potato proteins   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Koppelman SJ  van Koningsveld GA  Knulst AC  Gruppen H  Pigmans IG  de Jongh HH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(6):1562-1568

The interaction of the major potato allergen patatin, Sol t 1, with IgE was investigated on a quantitative level as a function of heat treatment at different temperatures. On the basis of a number of publications, potato is considered to be a heat-labile allergen, but the molecular explanation for this behavior was not given. In this work, heat treatment of patatin in the absence and presence of other potato proteins mimicking the proteinaceous environment of the potato was studied. Using far-UV circular dichrosim spectroscopy, tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry, the molecular transitions during heating of patatin were investigated. It was found that as long as patatin is not aggregated, denaturation of patatin on a secondary or tertiairy folding level is reversible with only a minor effect on the IgE affinity. Aggregation of patatin results in a nonreversible unfolding and a concomitant important decrease in affinity for IgE (25-fold). Aggregation of patatin in the presence of other potato proteins results in a less condensed aggregate compared to the situation of isolated patatin, resulting in a more pronounced decrease of affinity for IgE (110-fold). It is concluded that the heat lability of patatin-IgE interaction is explained by aggregation of patatin with other potato proteins rather than by denaturation of patatin itself.  相似文献   

Enzymatic hydrolysis as a means of expanding the cold gelation conditions of soy proteins   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kuipers BJ  van Koningsveld GA  Alting AC  Driehuis F  Gruppen H  Voragen AG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(4):1031-1038

Acid-induced cold gelation of soy protein hydrolysates was studied. Hydrolysates with degrees of hydrolysis (DH) of up to 10% were prepared by using subtilisin Carlsberg. The enzyme was inhibited to uncouple the hydrolysis from the subsequent gelation; the latter was induced by the addition of glucono-delta-lactone. Visual observations, confocal scanning laser microscopy images, and the elasticity modulus showed that hydrolysates gelled at higher pH values with increasing DH. The nonhydrolyzed soy protein isolate gelled at pH approximately 6.0, whereas a DH = 5% hydrolysate gelled at pH approximately 7.6. Gels made from hydrolysates had a softer texture when manually disrupted and showed syneresis below a pH of 5-5.5. Monitoring of gelation by measuring the development of the storage modulus could be replaced by measuring the pH onset of aggregate formation (pH(Aggr-onset)) using turbidity measurements. The rate of acidification was observed to also influence this pH(Aggr-onset). Changes in ionic strength (0.03, 0.2, and 0.5 M) had only a minor influence on the pH(Aggr-onset), indicating that the aggregation is not simply a balance between repulsive electrostatic and attractive hydrophobic interactions, but is much more complex.  相似文献   

应用DSSAT模型对吉林省黑土玉米最佳栽培技术的模拟和校验研究I.模型品种参数校验和产量的敏感性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨靖民  刘金华  窦森  杨靖一 《土壤学报》2011,48(2)

目前,应用农业模型去寻找改进农业生态系统的最佳农艺措施被认为是比单一的田间试验更为有效的途径之一.在应用和引进模型当中,一个很关键的环节是确定模型的输入参数对产量和土壤养分的敏感性,因为在一个地区的敏感性并不能保证在其他地区具有同样的影响.正因为如此,本文对农业技术转化决策系统(DSSAT)模型的农业管理参数进行敏感性分析.在吉林省黑土(ollisols)地区,于2008年田间试验条件下进行玉米(Zea mays L.)生长模拟(叶面积指数,地上于物质,籽粒重量),应用当地平均产量和生长期对玉米品种参数进行校验.模拟结果的综合分析表明:玉米提前播种8～10d比正常播种减产大约10%;玉米产量随播种密度呈现抛物线趋势,既当低密度下,产量曲线递增,但是当密度大于5株m-2时,产量增加平缓;产量和氮肥施用量呈典型的效应递减曲线,最佳施氮量为200～240 kg hm-2;最佳追肥时间为6月15日至6月28日.本研究证明DSSAT模型能够用于中国其他地区的玉米生长模拟,并且,本研究建立的敏感性分析方法能够用于其他作物,如水稻和小麦.进一步的研究需要包括测试土壤有机碳氮对作物生长管理参数的敏感性.  相似文献   

Predictions of the properties of water from first principles     

Bukowski R  Szalewicz K  Groenenboom GC  van der Avoird A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5816):1249-1252

A force field for water has been developed entirely from first principles, without any fitting to experimental data. It contains both pairwise and many-body interactions. This force field predicts the properties of the water dimer and of liquid water in excellent agreement with experiments, a previously elusive objective. Precise knowledge of the intermolecular interactions in water will facilitate a better understanding of this ubiquitous substance.  相似文献   

Emulsion properties of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) proteins     

González-Pérez S  van Konigsveld GA  Vereijken JM  Merck KB  Gruppen H  Voragen AG 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):2261-2267

Emulsions were made with sunflower protein isolate (SI), helianthinin, and sunflower albumins (SFAs). Emulsion formation and stabilization were studied as a function of pH and ionic strength and after heat treatment of the proteins. The emulsions were characterized with respect to average droplet size, surface excess, and the occurrence of coalescence and/or droplet aggregation. Sunflower proteins were shown to form stable emulsions, with the exception of SFAs at neutral and alkaline pH values. Droplet aggregation occurred in emulsions made with SI, helianthinin, and SFAs. Droplet aggregation and subsequent coalescence of emulsions made with SFAs could be prevented at pH 3. Calcium was found to cause droplet aggregation of emulsions made with helianthinin, at neutral and alkaline pH values. Treatments that increase conformational flexibility of the protein molecule improved the emulsion properties of sunflower proteins.  相似文献