Report from the conference, ‘identifying obstacles to applying big data in agriculture’     

White  Emma L.  Thomasson  J. Alex  Auvermann  Brent  Kitchen  Newell R.  Pierson  Leland Sandy  Porter  Dana  Baillie  Craig  Hamann  Hendrik  Hoogenboom  Gerrit  Janzen  Todd  Khosla  Rajiv  Lowenberg-DeBoer  James  McIntosh  Matt  Murray  Seth  Osborn  Dave  Shetty  Ashoo  Stevenson  Craig  Tevis  Joe  Werner  Fletcher 《Precision Agriculture》2021,22(1):306-315

Precision Agriculture - Data-centric technology has not undergone widespread adoption in production agriculture but could address global needs for food security and farm profitability. Participants...  相似文献   

Scheduling irrigation with a dynamic crop growth model and determining the relation between simulated drought stress and yield for peanut     

Cecilia M. Tojo Soler  Ayman Suleiman  Jakarat Anothai  Ian Flitcroft  Gerrit Hoogenboom 《Irrigation Science》2013,31(5):889-901

A computer simulation model can be used as a tool to help explain the impact of drought stress on plant growth and development because it integrates the complex soil–plant-atmosphere system through a set of mathematical equations. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of different irrigation scheduling regimes on peanut growth and development, to determine the capability of the CSM-CROPGRO-Peanut model to simulate growth and development of peanut, and to determine the relationship between yield and the two cumulative drought stress indices simulated by the peanut model. The CSM-CROPGRO-Peanut model was evaluated with experimental data collected during two field experiments that were conducted in four automated rainout shelters located at The University of Georgia, USA, in 2006 and 2007. Irrigation was applied when the simulated soil water content in the effective root zone dropped below a specific threshold value for the available soil water capacity (AWC). The irrigation treatments corresponded to irrigation thresholds (IT) of 30, 40, 60, and 90 % of AWC. The results showed that growth and development was reduced for the 30 and 40 % IT treatments which resulted in yield reductions that were 92 and 45 %, respectively, of the 90 % IT treatment. The Cropping System Model (CSM)-CROPGRO-Peanut model was able to accurately simulate growth and development of peanut grown under different irrigation treatments when compared to the observed data. We found an inverse relationship between the two simulated total cumulative drought stress indices for leaf growth (expansion) and photosynthesis and simulated pod yield. Knowing the cumulative drought stress value prior to harvest maturity could help with the prediction of potential harvestable yield.  相似文献   

Using pattern recognition for estimating cultivar coefficients of a crop simulation model     

Mohammad Bannayan  Gerrit Hoogenboom 《Field Crops Research》2009

The introduction of a new cultivar in a process-based crop simulation model requires the estimation of cultivar coefficients that define its growth and development characteristics. An accurate estimation of these coefficients requires replicated field experiments that, in many cases, are not available to crop model users. The objective of this study was to employ a pattern recognition approach to estimate cultivar coefficients from a minimum set of experimental data for use with a crop simulation model. The pattern recognition approach is based on similarity measures. Its main goal is to classify groups of data or patterns based on either a priori knowledge or on statistical information extracted from the patterns. Based on the similarity measure as the central calculation of the pattern recognition approach, the algorithm searches the space of features of other cultivars in the database to find the most similar cultivar as the best match to the target cultivar. The approach of this study was based on a few key characteristics of maize crop growth and development, including anthesis and harvest maturity dates, maximum leaf area index (LAI_max), final above ground biomass, and grain yield, which were used as the features vector. To construct the feature database, 27,789 hypothetical cultivars were constructed by combining different values of the six cultivar coefficients of the Cropping System Model (CSM)-CERES-Maize. Experiments performed in Florida (FL) and Iowa (IA) USA, Spain, central Punjab, Pakistan, and in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil were selected and later modified to provide a full potential production environment. The crop model was run for potential production for all 27,789 hypothetical cultivars and the outputs of these simulations were used as the feature database. For evaluation of this approach, we used the features for 29 different maize cultivars as reported from field experiments that are available in DSSAT maize cultivar database and also for four additional cultivars of which two had not been used in any aspect of this study. The model was run for all 33 cultivars, using the best match cultivar coefficients, for the conditions of the three study sites and locations where the latter four cultivars have been grown. The simulated crop characteristics were compared with the same simulated crop characteristics based on the original coefficients used to run the simulation model. We found that the approach based on pattern recognition was able to estimate the cultivar coefficients with a reasonable accuracy. The coefficient of determination (r²), root mean square difference (RMSD), and relative root mean square of difference (RMSDr) confirmed that this approach provided reliable estimates for the maize cultivar coefficients. The highest R² (0.98) was obtained for anthesis in Florida and the lowest (0.57) was obtained for grain yield in Spain. The highest RMSD (8.8) was obtained for maturity in Spain, while the lowest RMSD (1.1) was obtained for aboveground biomass in Florida. Although the values for RMSD were different across the different sites, this approach provided a level of accuracy that might be acceptable, especially for users who only have one year of experimental data and demand the best possible initial guess for the coefficients of their specific cultivar. This approach has been implemented in a simple tool that can be easily applied by users of DSSAT and the CSM-CERES-Maize model.  相似文献   

Diagnostic tools to monitor udder health in dairy goats     

Koop G  Nielen M  van Werven T 《The Veterinary quarterly》2012,32(1):37-44

This article discusses the use of somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteriological culture (BC) as monitoring tools to assess the udder health situation of dairy goats. Both SCC and BC can be applied for milk samples from individual goats or at bulk milk samples. The causative agent of primary concern in the dairy goat industry is Staphylococcus aureus. This pathogen strongly increases goat milk SCC. The SCC is therefore a useful test to detect S. aureus-infected goats. However, several non-infectious factors, most importantly the stage of lactation, also influence SCC, complicating the interpretation of this test. BC has a low sensitivity for the detection of S. aureus-infected goats, but is a valuable tool to obtain information on which bacterial species are responsible for udder health problems in a herd.  相似文献   

Methodologies for simulating impacts of climate change on crop production   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jeffrey W. White  Gerrit Hoogenboom  Bruce A. KimballGerard W. Wall 《Field Crops Research》2011,124(3):357-368

Ecophysiological models are widely used to forecast potential impacts of climate change on future agricultural productivity and to examine options for adaptation by local stakeholders and policy makers. However, protocols followed in such assessments vary to such an extent that they constrain cross-study syntheses and increase the potential for bias in projected impacts. We reviewed 221 peer-reviewed papers that used crop simulation models to examine diverse aspects of how climate change might affect agricultural systems. Six subject areas were examined: target crops and regions; the crop model(s) used and their characteristics; sources and application of data on [CO₂] and climate; impact parameters evaluated; assessment of variability or risk; and adaptation strategies. Wheat, maize, soybean and rice were considered in approximately 170 papers. The USA (55 papers) and Europe (64 papers) were the dominant regions studied. The most frequent approach used to simulate response to CO₂ involved adjusting daily radiation use efficiency (RUE) and transpiration, precluding consideration of the interacting effects of CO₂, stomatal conductance and canopy temperature, which are expected to exacerbate effects of global warming. The assumed baseline [CO₂] typically corresponded to conditions 10-30 years earlier than the date the paper was accepted, exaggerating the relative impacts of increased [CO₂]. Due in part to the diverse scenarios for increases in greenhouse gas emissions, assumed future [CO₂] also varied greatly, further complicating comparisons among studies. Papers considering adaptation predominantly examined changes in planting dates and cultivars; only 20 papers tested different tillage practices or crop rotations. Risk was quantified in over half the papers, mainly in relation to variability in yield or effects of water deficits, but the limited consideration of other factors affecting risk beside climate change per se suggests that impacts of climate change were overestimated relative to background variability. A coordinated crop, climate and soil data resource would allow researchers to focus on underlying science. More extensive model intercomparison, facilitated by modular software, should strengthen the biological realism of predictions and clarify the limits of our ability to forecast agricultural impacts of climate change on crop production and associated food security as well as to evaluate potential for adaptation.  相似文献   

Evaluating the accuracy of VEMAP daily weather data for application in crop simulations on a regional scale     

Wei Wu  Hong-Bin Liu  Gerrit Hoogenboom  Jeffrey W. White 《European Journal of Agronomy》2010,32(3):187-194

Weather plays a critical role in eco-environmental and agricultural systems. Limited availability of meteorological records often constrains the applications of simulation models and related decision support tools. The Vegetation/Ecosystem Modeling and Analysis Project (VEMAP) provides daily weather variables on a 0.5 latitude–longitude grid across the conterminous USA. Daily weather data from the VEMAP (1961–1990) for the state of Georgia were compared with data from 52 individual ground stations of the National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program (COOP). Additionally, simulated crop grain yields of soybean (Glycine max) were compared using the two data sources. Averaged daily maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin, respectively), solar radiation (SRAD), and precipitation (PPT) differed by 0.2 °C, ?0.2 °C, 1.7 MJ m^?2 d^?1, and 0 mm, respectively. Mean absolute errors (MAEs) for Tmax, Tmin, SRAD, and PPT were 4.2 °C, 4.4 °C, 4.4 MJ m^?2 d^?1, and 6.1 mm, respectively, and root mean squared errors (RMSEs) for Tmax, Tmin, SRAD, and PPT were 5.5 °C, 5.9 °C, 5.8 MJ m^?2 d^?1, and 13.6 mm, respectively. Temperature differences were lowest during summer months. Simulations of grain yield using the two data sources were strongly correlated (r = 0.68, p < 0.01). The MAE of grain yield was 552 kg ha^?1. The RMSE of grain yield was 714 kg ha^?1. Hybrid analyses indicated that the variation of simulated yield was mainly associated with the differences in rainfall. The results showed that the VEMAP daily weather data were able to be adequately applied to crop growth simulation at spatial and temporal scales, especially for long-term climate change research. Overall, the VEMAP weather data appears to be a promising source for crop growth modeling concerned with scale to 0.5° coordinate grid.  相似文献   

Water use and water use efficiency of sweet corn under different weather conditions and soil moisture regimes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Axel Garcia y Garcia  Larry C. Guerra  Gerrit Hoogenboom 《Agricultural Water Management》2009,96(10):1369-1376

Plant growth and development are influenced by weather conditions that also affect water use (WU) and water use efficiency (WUE) and ultimately, yield. The overall goal of this study was to determine the impact of weather and soil moisture conditions on WU and WUE of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var rugosa). An experiment consisting on three planting dates was conducted in 2006 at The University of Georgia, USA. A sweet corn genotype sh2 was planted on March 27 under irrigated and rainfed conditions and on April 10 and 25 under irrigated conditions only. Soil moisture was monitored using PR2 probes. Rainfall and irrigation were recorded with rain gauges installed in the experimental area while other weather variables were recorded with an automatic weather station located nearby. A water balance was used to obtain the crop's daily evapotranspiration (ETc). WUE was calculated as the ratio of fresh and dry matter ear yield and cumulative ETc. The potential soil moisture deficit (Dp) approach was used to determine the crop's moisture stress. Results were analyzed using a single degree freedom contrast, linear regression, and the least significant difference. WU and WUE of sweet corn were both markedly affected by the intra-seasonal weather variability and Dp. For both variables, significant (p < 0.05) differences were found between planting dates under irrigated conditions and between the irrigated and rainfed treatments. WU was as high as 268 mm for the April 10 planting date under irrigated conditions and as low as 122 mm for the March 27 planting date under rainfed conditions. The maximum soil moisture deficit was reached at the milky kernel stage and was as high as 343 mm for the March 27 planting date under rainfed conditions and as low as 260 mm for the April 10 planting date under irrigated conditions. Further work should focus on the impact of the intra-seasonal weather variability and soil moisture conditions during different crop stages to determine critical periods that affect yield.  相似文献   

Growing food,growing a movement: climate adaptation and civic agriculture in the southeastern United States     

Carrie Furman  Carla Roncoli  Donald R. Nelson  Gerrit Hoogenboom 《Agriculture and Human Values》2014,31(1):69-82

This article examines the role that civic agriculture in Georgia (US) plays in shaping attitudes, strategies, and relationships that foster both sustainability and adaptation to a changing climate. Civic agriculture is a social movement that attracts a specific type of “activist” farmer, who is linked to a strong social network that includes other farmers and consumers. Positioning farmers’ practices within a social movement broadens the understanding of adaptive capacity beyond how farmers adapt to understand why they do so. By drawing upon qualitative and quantitative data and by focusing on the cosmological, organizational, and technical dimensions of the social movement, the study illuminates how social values and networks shape production and marketing strategies that enable farmers to share resources and risks. We propose a conceptual framework for understanding how technical and social strategies aimed to address the sustainability goals of the movement also increase adaptive capacity at multiple timescales. In conclusion, we outline directions for future research, including the need for longitudinal studies that focus on consumer motivation and willingness to pay, the effects of scale on consumer loyalty and producer cooperation, and the role of a social movement in climate change adaptation. Finally, we stress that farmers’ ability to thrive in uncertain climate futures calls for transformative approaches to sustainable agriculture that support the development of strong social networks.  相似文献   

Review and simulation of homoplasy and collision in AFLP     

Gerrit Gort  Fred A. van Eeuwijk 《Euphytica》2012,183(3):389-400

In this paper we give a short review of the problems of homoplasy and collision in AFLP, and describe a software tool that we developed to illustrate these problems. AFLP is a DNA fingerprinting technique, producing profiles of bands, the result of the separation of DNA fragments by length on a gel or microcapillary system. The profiles are usually interpreted as binary band absence/presence patterns. We focus on two major problems: (1) Within a profile two or more fragments of the same length but of different genomic origin may have been selected, colliding into a single band. This collision problem, akin to the birthday problem, may be surprisingly large. (2) In a pair of profiles two equally long fragments of different genomic origin may have been selected, appearing as identical bands in the two profiles. This is called homoplasy. Both problems are quantified by modeling AFLP as a random sampling technique of fragment lengths. AFLP may be used in phylogenetic studies to estimate the pairwise genetic similarity of individuals. Similarity coefficients like Dice and Jaccard coefficients overestimate the true genetic similarity because of homoplasy, with increasing bias for higher numbers of bands per profile. Corrected estimators are described, which do not suffer from bias. The ideas are illustrated using a new software tool. Data from studies on Arabidopsis and tomato serve as examples. Finally, we make some recommendations with respect to the use of AFLP.  相似文献   

Flavor release and perception of flavored whey protein gels: perception is determined by texture rather than by release     

Weel KG  Boelrijk AE  Alting AC  Van Mil PJ  Burger JJ  Gruppen H  Voragen AG  Smit G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(18):5149-5155

Five whey protein gels, with different gel hardnesses and waterholding capacities, were flavored with ethylbutyrate or diacetyl and evaluated by a 10-person panel to study the relation between the gel structure and the sensory perception, as well as the nosespace flavor concentration during eating. The sensory perception of the flavor compounds was measured by the time-intensity method, while simultaneously the nosespace flavor concentration was monitored by the MS-Nose. The nosespace flavor concentration was found to be independent of the gel hardness or waterholding capacity. However, significant changes in flavor intensity between the gels were perceived by the majority of the panelists, despite the fact that the panelists were instructed to focus only on flavor perception and to not take texture into account. From these observations it is concluded that the texture of gels determines perception of flavor intensity rather than the in-nose flavor concentration.  相似文献