Use and conservation of forest resources in the municipality of San Agustin Loxicha,Sierra Madre del Sur,Oaxaca, Mexico     

Yalina Ventura-Aquino  Beatriz Rendón  Silvia Rebollar  Gilberto Hernández 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,73(3):167-180

The Sierra Madre del Sur, Oaxaca is considered an area with high diversity of ecosystems, and low levels of fragmentation due to human disturbance. An indigenous people, the Zapotecs, have inhabited this area for centuries and Zapotec communities have used and continue to make use of local resources for their subsistence. Agroforestry systems provide timber, firewood, and non-timber forest products to local communities. Despite the ecological and cultural relevance of this region, basic information about local practices of management and harvesting are lacking. Little is known about the possible effects of these practices on biodiversity conservation. The objectives of this study were: to determine the local uses of forest wood resources in the municipality of San Agustín Loxicha, to determine the tree species most used by the inhabitants of this municipality and to discuss the implications of this management in the conservation of plant cover in this Priority Terrestrial Region. The reported main use of tree species was firewood, obtained by gathering dry branches and bark, as well as by felling dead trees. To a lesser extent, tree species are used to build houses and make furniture. Local people collect trees from the surrounding vegetation, so the richness and abundance of tree species in the area surrounding each community will always influence the ability of the communities to meet their needs. These practices do not have drastic effects on plant cover, mainly in areas of established forests. These traditional practices are involved in an empirical strategy to conserve and manage local resources.  相似文献   

Intraguild interactions and behavior of Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa spp. on maize          下载免费PDF全文

José PF Bentivenha  Débora G Montezano  Thomas E Hunt  Edson LL Baldin  Julie A Peterson  Vinícius S Victor  Luiz ER Pannuti  Ana M Vélez  Silvana V Paula‐Moraes 《Pest management science》2017,73(11):2244-2251

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Iron and manganese effect on soil chemical properties,yield components,and nutritional status of soybean     

A. Moreira  L. A. C. Moraes  G. S. Aquino 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(15):1844-1854

In plants, iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) have many functions, as the transport and electron transference during photosynthesis, and their deficiencies affect the chlorophyll formation, plant growth and grain yield (GY). We carried out two experiments under greenhouse conditions with the aim of determining the influence of Fe and Mn on nutritional status, physiological components, soil chemical properties and yield components of soybean plants. In both experiments, five Fe and Mn rates were used. The GY, shoot dry weight yield (SDWY), the number of grain per pot (NGP), photosynthesis rate (A) and chlorophyll content were influenced by Fe rates, while GY, SDWY, root length and A were influenced by Mn rates. Iron and Mn concentrations in leaves and grains increased with rates of Fe and nutrients. The Mehlich 1 and DTPA-TEA extractants were efficient to determine the Fe and Mn available in the soil.  相似文献   

Effect of Organic Acids on Physical-Mechanical and Antifungicidal Properties of Anchovy Protein Films     

Meritaine da Rocha  Luciana Prietto  Michele Moraes de Souza  Eliana Badiale Furlong  Carlos Prentice 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2018,27(3):316-326

The use of active biodegradable films from renewable sources like anchovy, with the incorporation of organic acids, such as sorbic acid (SA) and benzoic acid (BA), is an alternative to decrease environmental pollution and minimize the development of fungi in foods. This study investigated the respective influences of SA and BA at 0, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.50% on the growth of Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae and on Argentine anchovy protein film properties (L*, a*, b*, tensile strength, elongation at break, solubility in water, water vapor permeability, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)). Results showed that the incorporation of SA or BA at different levels significantly increased the water vapor permeability, water solubility, and elongation at break of the films, but decreased the tensile strength and L* parameter (p < 0.05). FTIR evidenced an interaction between the BA and Argentine protein isolate. Also, the influences of the SA or BA concentration on antifungal activity was observed. The greatest effectiveness was obtained for films containing SA against R. oryzae compared to BA film treatments. In conclusion, the Argentine anchovy protein films could retain their antifungal property by incorporation of these organic acids.  相似文献   

Effects on survival and bacterial community composition of the aquaculture water and gastrointestinal tract of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) exposed to probiotic treatments after an induced infection of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease          下载免费PDF全文

Gustavo Pinoargote  Gilberto Flores  Kerry Cooper  Sadhana Ravishankar 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(10):3270-3288

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a devastating condition impacting marine shrimp production worldwide. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of four probiotic formulations on Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) infected with pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus causing AHPND. In addition, bacterial community composition analyses of shrimp gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and aquaculture water before and after infection were conducted by sequencing variable region 4 of the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform. Treatments included: (1) Lactobacillus casei (P1), (2) L. casei and Rhodopseudomonas palustris (P2), (3) L. casei, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and R. palustris (P3), and (4) a commercial probiotic EM^® (EM), which showed shrimp survival of 11.7%, 26.7%, 36.7% and 73.3% respectively. Treatments causing lower survival showed greater relative abundance (>60%) of family Vibrionaceae in the GIT compared to treatments with higher survival. Diversity indices from GIT samples revealed that treatments showing higher survival had higher Shannon index values (4.69 ± 0.133), compared with those of treatments with lower survival (0.17 ± 0.004). Diversity indices from water samples did not show significant differences after infection (Shannon index 4.64 ± 0.53). The results showed that probiotics could effectively mitigate AHPND while maintaining diverse microbial composition in shrimp GIT, thus maintaining sustainability in the shrimp aquaculture industry.  相似文献   

Genomic prediction of the general combining ability of maize lines (Zea mays L.) and the performance of their single crosses          下载免费PDF全文

Marcelina Vélez‐Torres  José Jesús García‐Zavala  Martha Hernández‐Rodríguez  Ricardo Lobato‐Ortiz  José Jesús López‐Reynoso  Ignacio Benítez‐Riquelme  José Apolinar Mejía‐Contreras  Gilberto Esquivel‐Esquivel  Paulino Pérez‐Rodríguez  Xuecai Zhang 《Plant Breeding》2018,137(3):379-387

The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of genomic selection (GS) on predicting the general combining ability (GCA) of maize lines and the performance of their single crosses. Eight maize lines developed from the different self‐pollination generations of Chalqueño race, along with their 24 single crosses, were evaluated in the field during the years of 2011, 2012 and 2013. Genomic prediction results using genotyping‐by‐sequencing‐based single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that the GCA classification of the parental lines estimated from the SNP information was consistent with the phenotypic classification of the lines evaluated from the field trial data. The prediction accuracy values estimated from the cross‐validation method ranged from 0.49 to 0.61 in the different prediction models. Yield performance of the unevaluated single crosses was predicted based on their SNP information. The total genetic variance of the yield of the single crosses was most explained by the GCA effects. Compared with phenotyping method, GS is a more effective and efficient approach to predict the GCA of maize lines and their hybrid performance.  相似文献   

Yield,Yield Components,Soil Chemical Properties,Plant Physiology,and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Soybean Genotypes     

A. Moreira  L. A. C Moraes  L. G. Moretti 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(20):2464-2476

Expansion of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivated in Brazil to regions with low fertility soils gave rise to studies on the possibility of obtaining highly productive cultivars with high nutrient use efficiency. An experiment in greenhouse conditions was conducted to assess phosphorus (P) use efficiency (PUE) by 13 soybean genotypes. The genotypes were grown in an Ustoxix Quartzipsamment with two P rates [0 (no P application) and 150 mg P kg^?1], whose source was monoammonium phosphate (MAP, P₂O₅ 44%). Shoot dry weight (SDW), grain yield (GY), grain harvest index (GHI), relative yield (RY), and physiological components (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, respiratory rate, and internal CO₂ concentration) were influenced by soybean genotypes and P rates. Genotypes BMX Apolo RR, BRS 360RR, BRS 378RR, CD 219RR, DM 2302RR, TMG 7161RR, and Vtop RR were classified as non-efficient and non-responsive to P application, while BMX Potência RR, Vmax RR, FPS Solar RR, NA 5909RR, TMG 1066RR, and M 6210 IPRO were classified as efficient and responsive. Phosphorus application increased the values of physiological components, which was not observed for N, K, Ca, Mg, and S concentration in the leaves and grains. Soybean genotypes selection for increased P efficiency could help growers overcome the problem of soybean cultivation on new areas or degraded pastures.  相似文献   

Response of common bean varieties to the magnesium application in the tropical soil     

B. T. Canizella  L. A. C. Moraes  N. K. Fageria 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(2):207-218

The appropriate supply of magnesium (Mg) to the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) according to the requirements of each variety increases the productivity and nutritional value of grains. However, there are few studies on soil's ability to provide the adequate amount of the nutrient and on the reaction of plants with different Mg concentrations. The present study analyzed the response of the common bean plant to soil fertility, grain yield (GY), shoot dry weight (SDW) yield, nutritional status and the response of physiological components of the plant to the concentrations of Mg applied to the tropical soil. Thus, an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in 5 × 4 factorial arrangement, with three replicates. The varieties BRS Estilo, IAPAR 81, BRS Ametista, IPR Campos Gerais (CG) and IPR Tangará were cultivated in an Ustoxix Quatzipsamment with five rates of Mg [0, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg^?1, source magnesium chloride (MgCl₂)]. The common bean varieties and the Mg rates significantly affected the soil chemical properties. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂), and total soluble sugars significantly correlated with common bean GY and SDW yield. The nutrient content in leaves and grains showed difference responses among the varieties. IAPAR 81 showed the highest rate of mobilization of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper and zinc (N, P, Mg, S, B, Cu, and Zn) for grains, being an important factor in studies of crop biofortification.  相似文献   

Differential response of soybean genotypes to two lime rates     

Adônis Moreira  Larissa Alexandra Cardoso Moraes  Isabelle Cristina Vilarino Lara  Thiago Assis Rodrigues Nogueira 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2017,63(9):1281-1291

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merril] is the leading food crop worldwide, and selection of soybean genotypes for different levels of soil acidity may raise crop yield without the need to increase in planted area. An experiment in greenhouse conditions was conducted to determine the effects of two lime rates on soil chemical properties, grain yield (GY), yield components, nutritional status and physiological components of 15 soybean genotypes adapted to tropical and subtropical conditions. Genotypes BMX Apolo RR, BMX Potência RR, BRS 295RR, BRS 359RR, FPS Solar IPRO and TMG 716 IRR were the least responsive to soil acidity reduction, and BMX Turbo RR and BRS 360RR were the most responsive. Number of pods per pot, shoot dry weight yield, GY, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and chlorophyll increased significantly with increase in lime rate. Cultivar FPS Solar IPRO showed the highest foliar P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations in soybean, which was not observed in the grain, indicating the presence of genetic factors and the dilution effect on nutrient uptake.  相似文献   

Co-existing squamous cell carcinoma and hemangioma on the ocular surface of a cat     

Eduardo Perlmann  Enry Garcia da Silva†  Pedro Mancini Guedes‡  Paulo Sergio de Moraes Barros 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2010,13(1):63-66

A 14-year-old spayed female domestic short-haired cat was presented for evaluation of a mass in the right eye. Ophthalmic examination revealed a blind right eye and presence of two distinct masses: a pink and a red-to-brown mass, the latter occupying most of the cornea and part of the conjunctiva. Exenteration was performed under general anesthesia, and the ocular tissues were processed routinely for histopathology. Upon microscopic examination, a malignant epithelial neoplasm and a benign vascular neoplasm were present in the cornea. The conjunctiva and the third eyelid were also affected. Upon immunohistochemistry, the epithelial tumor was positive for cytokeratin and negative for vimentin and the endothelial tumor was negative for cytokeratin and positive for vimentin. A diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and hemangioma was made. The SCC was affecting the cornea, bulbar conjunctiva (lateral and inferior) and the base of the third eyelid, whereas the hemangioma was affecting the cornea and medial limbus. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of concomitant SCC and hemangioma affecting the ocular surface in a cat.  相似文献