Genetics. Ethical aspects of ES cell-derived gametes     

Testa G  Harris J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,305(5691):1719

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Identification of a DNA nonhomologous end-joining complex in bacteria     

Weller GR  Kysela B  Roy R  Tonkin LM  Scanlan E  Della M  Devine SK  Day JP  Wilkinson A  d'Adda di Fagagna F  Devine KM  Bowater RP  Jeggo PA  Jackson SP  Doherty AJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,297(5587):1686-1689

In eukaryotic cells, double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA are generally repaired by the pathway of homologous recombination or by DNA nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). Both pathways have been highly conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution, but no equivalent NHEJ system has been identified in prokaryotes. The NHEJ pathway requires a DNA end-binding component called Ku. We have identified bacterial Ku homologs and show that these proteins retain the biochemical characteristics of the eukaryotic Ku heterodimer. Furthermore, we show that bacterial Ku specifically recruits DNA ligase to DNA ends and stimulates DNA ligation. Loss of these proteins leads to hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation in Bacillus subtilis. These data provide evidence that many bacteria possess a DNA DSB repair apparatus that shares many features with the NHEJ system of eukarya and suggest that this DNA repair pathway arose before the prokaryotic and eukaryotic lineages diverged.  相似文献   

Morpho-pomological and chemical characterization of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) genotypes in Apulia region,Southeastern Italy     

Giuseppe Ferrara  Ivana Cavoski  Andrea Pacifico  Luigi Tedone  Donato Mondelli 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011

A recent increasing demand in Western countries for pomegranate products by consumers is especially supported for the nutritional and medicinal characteristics, due to the antioxidant properties of this fruit. Some studies have been published on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of pomegranate fruits in some Mediterranean countries, but little information is available about the genotypes present in Italy and in particular in Apulia (Southeastern region of Italy). This study (2008–2009) evaluated morpho-pomological and chemical parameters of eight pomegranate genotypes localized in private small orchards. Significant differences were observed among the pomegranate genotypes for many of the parameters investigated. In particular, fruit weight ranged from 168.9 g (SouMol) to 574.9 g (SouOst), °Brix from 14.7 (ComTri) to 18.0 (SouMol), titratable acidity from 5.4 (ComMol) to 25.0 (SouTri) g/L. SouMol showed the highest polyphenols (97.1 mg/L) and vitamin C (236.3 mg/L) contents. Oil content of the seeds was between 5.90% and 10.30%, no differences have been observed for the fatty acid composition with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers as the most abundant fraction (81.23%). Considering all the evaluated parameters, and especially those referring to the organoleptic characteristics and antioxidants content, it must be stated that the best genotypes worthy to be considered from agricultural and industrial points of view were AdeSgi for fresh market and SouOst for the juice industry.  相似文献   

Phytochemical changes induced by different nitrogen supply forms and radiation levels in two leafy Brassica species     

Fallovo C  Schreiner M  Schwarz D  Colla G  Krumbein A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(8):4198-4207

The effect of three different nitrogen (N) supply forms differing in their ammonium-to-nitrate (NH(4):NO(3)) ratio (100% NH(4), 50% NH(4) + 50% NO(3), 100% NO(3)) under three different levels of daily photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) (low, 5.0; medium, 6.8; high, 9.0 mol m(-2) day(-1)) on a range of desirable health-promoting phytochemicals in Brassica rapa subsp. nipposinica var. chinoleifera and Brassica juncea was determined. The 100% NH(4) supply under medium PAR levels led to the highest concentration of glucosinolates based on a low nitrogen/sulfur ratio as well as high levels of carotenoids in the leaves of both Brassica species. However, the 100% NH(4) supply under low and medium PAR levels resulted in low concentrations of flavonoids based on high N concentration in the leaves. Thus, the data provided here have strong implications for crop management strategies aimed at optimizing both the concentration and composition of a range of phytochemicals.  相似文献   

Modelling and mapping the suitability of European forest formations at 1-km resolution     

Stefano Casalegno  Giuseppe Amatulli  Annemarie Bastrup-Birk  Tracy Houston Durrant  Anssi Pekkarinen 《European Journal of Forest Research》2011,130(6):971-981

Proactive forest conservation planning requires spatially accurate information about the potential distribution of tree species. The most cost-efficient way to obtain this information is habitat suitability modelling i.e. predicting the potential distribution of biota as a function of environmental factors. Here, we used the bootstrap-aggregating machine-learning ensemble classifier Random Forest (RF) to derive a 1-km resolution European forest formation suitability map. The statistical model use as inputs more than 6,000 field data forest inventory plots and a large set of environmental variables. The field data plots were classified into different forest formations using the forest category classification scheme of the European Environmental Agency. The ten most dominant forest categories excluding plantations were chosen for the analysis. Model results have an overall accuracy of 76%. Between categories scores were unbalanced and Mesophitic deciduous forests were found to be the least correctly classified forest category. The model’s variable ranking scores are used to discuss relationship between forest category/environmental factors and to gain insight into the model’s limits and strengths for map applicability. The European forest suitability map is now available for further applications in forest conservation and climate change issues.  相似文献   

Uncommonly thorough hydrolysis of peptides during ripening of Ragusano cheese revealed by tandem mass spectrometry     

Gagnaire V  Carpino S  Pediliggieri C  Jardin J  Lortal S  Licitra G 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(23):12443-12452

Ragusano is a pasta filata cheese produced from raw milk in Sicily. The proteolysis was extensively analyzed after stretching (day 0), at 4 and 7 months of ripening through soluble nitrogen, urea-PAGE, and peptide identification by tandem mass spectrometry. After stretching, 123 peptides were identified: 72 arising from β-casein, 34 from α(s1)-casein, and 17 from α(s2)-casein. The main protein splitting corresponded to the action of plasmin, chymosin, cathepsin D, cell envelope proteinase, and peptidase activities of lactic acid bacteria. Unlike other types of cheeses, <10% residual β- and α(s)-caseins remained intact at 7 months, indicating original network organization based on large casein fragments. The number of identified soluble peptides also dramatically decreased after 4 and 7 months of ripening, to 47 and 25, respectively. Among them, bioactive peptides were found, that is, mineral carrier, antihypertensive, and immunomodulating peptides and phosphopeptides.  相似文献   

Influence of shearing on oxidative stress and some physiological parameters in ewes     

Giuseppe PICCIONE  Francesco FAZIO  Stefania CASELLA  Pietro PENNISI  Giovanni CAOLA 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(3):481-485

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of shearing on physiological and oxidative stress parameters in ewes. Twenty Comisana ewes were used and divided into two groups. Ten ewes were left unshorn as a control group (Group A) and 10 ewes were shorn (Group B). All measurements were taken before and after shearing, and repeated 8 h after shearing and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10 and 15 days after shearing. Reactive oxygen species (dROMs), antioxidant barrier (oxy‐adsorbent), thiol antioxidant barrier (SHp) and packed cell volume (PCV) were assessed in blood samples collected by means of jugular venipuncture. Rectal temperature (RT), respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) were also measured. Two‐way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Bonferroni's test, was used for the assessment of significant effects due to shearing and time. The statistical analysis showed significant increases (P < 0.01) of dROMs, oxy‐adsorbent, SHp, and a significant decrease (P < 0.01) of RT and RR associated with time and shearing. Our results indicate that shearing causes a change in the ewe's homeostatic balance that leads to oxidative stress.  相似文献   

Assessment of geographic variation by RAPD markers among Italian open-pollinated progenies of Populus alba L.   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Maurizio Sabatti  Renato D'Ovidio  Oronzo A. Tanzarella  Giuseppe E. Scarascia Mugnozza 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(5):423-428

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis wasapplied to evaluate variation among provenances of white poplar(Populus alba L.) collected indifferent geographic areas in Italy. Fifteen decamer oligonucleotidesamplified a total of 71 distinct fragments of which 57(80% of the total observed) were polymorphic among53 plants of white poplar. Among provenances, the highest degree ofpolymorphism was detected in the population from Sinni river(62%), while the lowest level was recorded in thepopulation from Arno river (42%). Cluster(UPGMA) analysis was performed on the RAPD data and itdifferentiated the analysed plants in three distinct groupscorresponding to the Apennine, Southern and Northern Italian areas.The RAPD clusters were congruent with groups based on phenologicaltraits.  相似文献   

Reclamation of Polluted Soil: Phytoremediation Potential of Crop-Related BRASSICA Species   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Marchiol  Luca  Sacco  Pasqualina  Assolari  Silvia  Zerbi  Giuseppe 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2004,158(1):345-356

Soils polluted by heavy metals can be reclaimed using a number of expensive tactics that either remove the contaminants or stabilize them within the soil. The value of metal accumulating plants for environmental remediation has recently been appreciated and promising results have been obtained. This paper reports a study on the behavior of Brassica napus, Brassica juncea, Raphanus sativus and Brassica carinata grown on a substrate contaminated by several heavy metals caused by the use of contaminated irrigation water. Data on carbon dioxide assimilation, biomass growth and the bioconcentration and translocation factor of each metal in each species were measured. The polluted substrate caused only a small variation in photosynthesis, however transpiration was more affected by the experimental substrate and in all three species of the genus Brassica the presence of metals in the substrate resulted in higher transpiration levels.Two bioconcentration factors were calculated respectively for the roots (BCF) and the shoots (BCF); the BCF was >1 for all the species for Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn without significant differences among species. All the values of BCF were lower than 0.5; among the metals, all Brassica species demonstrated a similar performance for Cd and Zn, whereas for other elements the bioconcentration factor was very low.  相似文献   

On the chemical composition and nutritional value of pleurotus taxa growing on umbelliferous plants (apiaceae)     

La Guardia M  Venturella G  Venturella F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(15):5997-6002

Unpublished data on the chemical composition and nutritional value of Pleurotus mushrooms, growing on Umbelliferous plants (Apiaceae), are here reported. Cultivated basidiomata of four different Pleurotus taxa were analyzed in order to evaluate the composition in lipids, sugars, nitrogen, water, vitamins, ashes, and energetic values. The results showed that Pleurotus mushrooms are suitable in every type of diet thanks to their low caloric content, gastronomic value, vitamins, and mineral salt contents. The presence of a high content of vitamin B(12) and riboflavin in Pleurotus nebrodensis is noteworthy.  相似文献