Early weaning of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis,L.) with frozen grass shrimp (Palaemonetes varians) from the first day after hatching     

António V Sykes  Rui A Gonçalves  José P Andrade 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(12):1815-1823

The suitability of early weaning cuttlefish using frozen grass shrimp, and its effects on growth and mortality was determined in a 50‐day experiment. Three food groups were used. One group (C) was fed with live prey until 25th DAH and weaned with frozen prey until the end of the experiment. In the other two groups, weaning started at the fifth DAH (W5) and first DAH (W1), also with frozen diet. Significant differences were found between C and the remaining treatments (P < 0.05) for mean wet weight (MWW), instantaneous growth rate (IGR), biomass (B) and mortality at the 25th and the 50th DAH. Despite the lower growth (~1/3 of the achieved with live food) and higher mortality (3% obtained by C versus 23% in the W1 and W5 groups), C cuttlefish presented a similar weight gain tendency to W1 and W5 groups after weaning. This is the first record of early acceptance (at the first DAH) of frozen food by cuttlefish hatchlings. These differences could be related with digestive enzymes of cuttlefish and prey, changes in nutritional composition and amount of captured prey, etc. Future research should also address the effects of this early weaning on cuttlefish life cycle.  相似文献   

Sclerophylly and leaf anatomical traits of five field-grown olive cultivars growing under drought conditions     

Bacelar EA  Correia CM  Moutinho-Pereira JM  Gonçalves BC  Lopes JI  Torres-Pereira JM 《Tree physiology》2004,24(2):233-239

Leaf-level morphological and structural adaptations to reduce water loss were examined in five olive (Olea europaea L.) tree cultivars (Arbequina, Blanqueta, Cobran?osa, Manzanilla and Negrinha) growing under field conditions with low water availability. Leaf measurements included leaf tissue thickness, stomatal density, leaf area, leaf mass per unit area, density of leaf tissue, relative water content, succulence, water saturation deficit, water content at saturation and cuticular transpiration rate. We found considerable genotypic differences among the cultivars. Negrinha, Manzanilla and Cobran?osa had more morphological and structural leaf adaptations to protect against water loss than the other cultivars. Manzanilla and Negrinha enhanced their sclerophylly by building parenchyma tissues and increasing protective structures like the upper cuticle and both the upper and lower epidermis. Cobran?osa exhibited good protection against water loss through high density of foliar tissue and by thick cuticle and trichome layers. Compared with the Negrinha, Manzanilla and Cobran?osa cultivars, Arbequina leaves had a thinner trichome layer, implying that the leaves were less protected against water loss; however, the development of smaller leaves may reduce water loss at the whole-plant level. Among cultivars, Blanqueta had the largest leaves and some anatomical traits that may lead to high water loss, especially from the adaxial surface. The mechanisms employed by the cultivars to cope with summer stress are discussed at the morpho-structural level.  相似文献   

Quantification by image analysis of the Gallus gallus lung elastic fibres from embryonic to adult birds     

de Lurdes Pinto M  Gonçalves C  Rodrigues P  Bairos VA 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2006,35(5):293-298

The organization of the lung's elastic fibres is amazingly uniform in all vertebrates, with the possible exception of birds, whose pulmonary architecture and air movement are unique. The overall goal of this work was to study and quantify elastic fibre distribution patterns and relative amounts in the parabronchi, during the incubation period until the 42nd day after hatching. Chick embryo lungs were examined on the 14th, 16th, 18th and 20th days of incubation and chick lungs on the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 14th, 35th and 42nd days after hatching. Four animals were used daily, and the observations were randomly performed on both lungs. A morphometric study was carried out focusing on the computerized image analysis of histological sections stained according to a modified Gomori technique. The values obtained for each day result from the observation and processing of 20 images. Complementary studies were performed using transmission electron microscopy, as on the 14th embryonic day the fibres were not visible on light microscopy. The results show that the area occupied by the elastic fibres increases gradually from the 16th day of incubation up till the 7th day after hatching and decreases slowly in the following days of the study. A prominent increase takes place before hatching, which points out to the adequate and essential structural roles played by the elastic fibres in the pulmonary maturation process.  相似文献   

Scion-rootstock interaction affects the physiology and fruit quality of sweet cherry     

Gonçalves B  Moutinho-Pereira J  Santos A  Silva AP  Bacelar E  Correia C  Rosa E 《Tree physiology》2006,26(1):93-104

Water relations, leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll a fluorescence, light canopy transmittance, leaf photosynthetic pigments and metabolites and fruit quality indices of cherry cultivars 'Burlat', 'Summit' and 'Van' growing on five rootstocks with differing size-controlling potentials that decrease in the order: Prunus avium L. > CAB 11E > Maxma 14 > Gisela 5 > Edabriz, were studied during 2002 and 2003. Rootstock genotype affected all physiological parameters. Cherry cultivars grafted on invigorating rootstocks had higher values of midday stem water potential (Psi(MD)), net CO(2) assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (g(s)), intercellular CO(2) concentration (C(i)) and maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (F(v)/F(m)) than cultivars grafted on dwarfing rootstocks. The Psi(MD) was positively correlated with A, g(s) and C(i). Moreover, A was positively correlated with g(s), and the slopes of the linear regression increased from invigorating to dwarfing rootstocks, indicating a stronger regulation of photosynthesis by stomatal aperture in trees on dwarfing Edabriz and Gisela 5. The effect of rootstock genotype was also statistically significant for leaf photosynthetic pigments, whereas metabolite concentrations and fruit physicochemical characteristics were more dependent on cultivar genotype. Among cultivars, 'Burlat' leaves had the lowest concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, but were richest in total soluble sugars, starch and total phenols. Compared with the other cultivars, 'Summit' had heavier fruits, independent of the rootstock. 'Burlat' cherries were less firm and had lower concentrations of soluble sugars and a lower titratable acidity than 'Van' cherries. Nevertheless, 'Van' cherries had lower lightness, chroma and hue angle, representing redder and darker cherries, compared with 'Summit' fruits. In general, Psi(MD) was positively correlated with fruit mass and A was negatively correlated with lightness and chroma. These results demonstrate that: (1) water relations and photosynthesis of sweet cherry tree are mainly influenced by the rootstock genotype; (2) different physicochemical characteristics observed in cherries of the three cultivars suggest that regulation of fruit quality was mainly dependent on the cultivar genotype, although the different size-controlling rootstocks also had a significant effect.  相似文献   

Expression of different classes of immunoglobulin in intraepithelial plasma cells of the Harderian gland of domestic ducks Anas platyrhynchos     

Oliveira CA  Telles LF  Oliveira AG  Kalapothakis E  Gonçalves-Dornelas H  Mahecha GA 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2006,113(3-4):257-266

The Harderian gland of chickens contains numerous plasma cells and is considered as a peripheral lymphoid organ. Data about this gland in other avian species are scarce or inexistent. Considering that ducks show some unique characteristics regarding the immune system, which are important in evolutionary context, and that unusual location of plasma cells into the epithelium was recently described in primitive avian species, here we investigated the occurrence and characterized intraepithelial plasma cells in the Harderian gland of ducks, according to the immunoglobulin produced. Numerous intraepithelial plasma cells were found confined to the Harderian gland ducts. Plasma cells were also found in the ducts lamina propria. IgM-positive cells were the most abundant into the epithelium. In contrast, IgY- or IgA-positive cells were predominant in the lamina propria. The constancy of intraepithelial plasma cells in all specimens examined indicates that they may be essential mediator for an effective immunesurvaillance of the ocular mucosa.  相似文献   

Genetic mapping provides evidence for the role of additive and non-additive QTLs in the response of inter-specific hybrids of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Eucalyptus</Emphasis> to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Puccinia psidii</Emphasis> rust infection     

Alexandre Alonso Alves  Carla Cristina Gonçalves Rosado  Danielle Assis Faria  Lúcio Mauro da Silva Guimarães  Douglas Lau  Sérgio Hermínio Brommonschenkel  Dario Grattapaglia  Acelino Couto Alfenas 《Euphytica》2012,183(1):27-38

Eucalypts are susceptible to a wide range of diseases. One of the most important diseases that affect Eucalyptus plantations worldwide is caused by the rust fungus Puccinia psidii. Here, we provide evidence on the complex genetic control of rust resistance in Eucalyptus inter-specific hybrids, by analyzing a number of full-sib families that display different patterns of segregation for rust resistance. These families are totally unrelated to those previously used in other inheritance studies of rust resistance. By using a full genome scan with 114 genetic markers (microsatellites and expressed sequence tag derived microsatellites) we also corroborated the existence and segregation of a resistance locus, explaining 11.5% of the phenotypic variation, on linkage group 3, corresponding to Ppr1. This find represents an additional validation of this locus in totally unrelated pedigree. We have also detected significant additive × additive digenic interactions with LOD >10.0 on several linkage groups. The additive and epistatic QTLs identified explain between 29.8 and 44.8% of the phenotypic variability for rust resistance. The recognition that both additive and non-additive genetic variation (epistasis) are important contributors to rust resistance in eucalypts reveals the complexity of this host-pathogen interaction and helps explain the success that breeding has achieved by selecting rust-resistant clones, where all the additive and non-additive effects are readily captured. The positioning of epistatic QTLs also provides starting points to look for the underlying genes or genomic regions controlling this phenotype on the upcoming E. grandis genome sequence.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of anthracnose resistance in ‘Pitanga’ dry bean cultivar     

Maria C. Gonçalves‐Vidigal  Ana C. Meirelles  Juliana P. Poletine  Lorenna L. De Sousa  Anelise S. Cruz  Maria P. Nunes  Giselly F. Lacanallo  Pedro S. Vidigal Filho 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(3):423-429

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Production and carbon allocation in monocultures and mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium in Brazil     

Nouvellon Y  Laclau JP  Epron D  Le Maire G  Bonnefond JM  Gonçalves JL  Bouillet JP 《Tree physiology》2012,32(6):680-695

Introducing nitrogen-fixing tree species in fast-growing eucalypt plantations has the potential to improve soil nitrogen availability compared with eucalypt monocultures. Whether or not the changes in soil nutrient status and stand structure will lead to mixtures that out-yield monocultures depends on the balance between positive interactions and the negative effects of interspecific competition, and on their effect on carbon (C) uptake and partitioning. We used a C budget approach to quantify growth, C uptake and C partitioning in monocultures of Eucalyptus grandis (W. Hill ex Maiden) and Acacia mangium (Willd.) (treatments E100 and A100, respectively), and in a mixture at the same stocking density with the two species at a proportion of 1 : 1 (treatment MS). Allometric relationships established over the whole rotation, and measurements of soil CO(2) efflux and aboveground litterfall for ages 4-6 years after planting were used to estimate aboveground net primary production (ANPP), total belowground carbon flux (TBCF) and gross primary production (GPP). We tested the hypotheses that (i) species differences for wood production between E. grandis and A. mangium monocultures were partly explained by different C partitioning strategies, and (ii) the observed lower wood production in the mixture compared with eucalypt monoculture was mostly explained by a lower partitioning aboveground. At the end of the rotation, total aboveground biomass was lowest in A100 (10.5 kg DM m(-2)), intermediate in MS (12.2 kg DM m(-2)) and highest in E100 (13.9 kg DM m(-2)). The results did not support our first hypothesis of contrasting C partitioning strategies between E. grandis and A. mangium monocultures: the 21% lower growth (ΔB(w)) in A100 compared with E100 was almost entirely explained by a 23% lower GPP, with little or no species difference in ratios such as TBCF/GPP, ANPP/TBCF, ΔB(w)/ANPP and ΔB(w)/GPP. In contrast, the 28% lower ΔB(w) in MS than in E100 was explained both by a 15% lower GPP and by a 15% lower fraction of GPP allocated to wood growth, thus partially supporting our second hypothesis: mixing the two species led to shifts in C allocations from above- to belowground, and from growth to litter production, for both species.  相似文献   

What is your diagnosis? Ascites fluid from an 11‐year‐old dog with epigastric bulging     

Jae‐Ik Han  Hye‐Jin Jang  Dong‐Woo Chang  Gon‐Hyung Kim  Byeongwoo Ahn  Ki‐Jeong Na 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2009,38(4):541-544

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Diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis: conventional and molecular techniques using different tissues     

Maia C  Ramada J  Cristóvão JM  Gonçalves L  Campino L 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,179(1):142-144

Serology, bone marrow (BM)-, lymph node (LN)- and whole blood-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were evaluated as potential reference tests for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis. A high degree of agreement (91.0%) was observed between Leishmania cultures and serology or BM/LN-PCR. In the light of these results as well as the access to biological test material and the cost of each method, LN-PCR is recommended for the diagnosis or therapeutic control of canine leishmaniasis, but BM-PCR is a suitable alternative in dogs without detectable adenomegaly. For large-scale epidemiological field studies, antibody detection is appropriate and whole blood-PCR can be used to complement the serological results.  相似文献