Crystal structure of a lipid G protein-coupled receptor     

Hanson MA  Roth CB  Jo E  Griffith MT  Scott FL  Reinhart G  Desale H  Clemons B  Cahalan SM  Schuerer SC  Sanna MG  Han GW  Kuhn P  Rosen H  Stevens RC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,335(6070):851-855

The lyso-phospholipid sphingosine 1-phosphate modulates lymphocyte trafficking, endothelial development and integrity, heart rate, and vascular tone and maturation by activating G protein-coupled sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors. Here, we present the crystal structure of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 fused to T4-lysozyme (S1P(1)-T4L) in complex with an antagonist sphingolipid mimic. Extracellular access to the binding pocket is occluded by the amino terminus and extracellular loops of the receptor. Access is gained by ligands entering laterally between helices I and VII within the transmembrane region of the receptor. This structure, along with mutagenesis, agonist structure-activity relationship data, and modeling, provides a detailed view of the molecular recognition and requirement for hydrophobic volume that activates S1P(1), resulting in the modulation of immune and stromal cell responses.  相似文献   

Psychiatry. Criticism continues to dog psychiatric manual as deadline approaches     

Miller G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6085):1088-1089

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Efficacy of an avirulent live vaccine against Lawsonia intracellularis in the prevention of proliferative enteropathy in experimentally infected weanling foals     

Pusterla N  Vannucci FA  Mapes SM  Nogradi N  Collier JR  Hill JA  Difrancesco M  White AM  Akana NK  Simonek G  Gebhart CJ 《American journal of veterinary research》2012,73(5):741-746

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Using science, fighting viruses, and ensuring demand     

Cima G 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(10):1150-1151

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Bats increasingly seen as vectors     

Cima G 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(4):355-356

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USDA reducing offices, employees     

Cima G 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2012,240(5):503

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Mammary invasive micropapillary carcinoma in a male cat: Immunohistochemical description and clinical follow-up     

Gregório H  Pires I  Seixas F  Queiroga F 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2012,60(2):257-261

We describe the case of a 14-year-old Domestic Short Hair male cat that presented with a single mammary tumour one centimetre in diameter, classified as invasive micropapillary carcinoma. Histology and immunohistochemistry revealed a high mitotic index, a KI-67 index of 10%, a lack of reactivity to myoepithelial markers, and a dense infiltration with T and B lymphocytes at the periphery of the tumour. Micrometastases were detected in the regional lymph node at the time of surgery. Overall survival time was 10 months with a disease-free interval of 7.5 months. Distant metastases in the sublumbar lymph nodes confirmed the aggressiveness of this tumour, which has recently been subtyped in female cats. This is the first case reported in male cats with a complete follow-up, highlighting the importance of prompt and aggressive treatment in the presence of mammary tumours in male cats.  相似文献   

Systematic Review: What is the Best Antibiotic Treatment for Staphylococcus aureus Intramammary Infection of Lactating Cows in North America?     

Jean-Philippe Roy  Greg Keefe 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice》2012

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Antiproliferative activity of Saponaria vaccaria constituents and related compounds     

Balsevich JJ  Ramirez-Erosa I  Hickie RA  Dunlop DM  Bishop GG  Deibert LK 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(1):170-181

Total methanolic extracts of Saponaria vaccaria seed derived from several varieties, as well as various purified components obtained through successive chromatographic separations of total extracts were evaluated for their growth inhibitory activity in WiDr (colon), MDA-MB-231 (breast), NCI-417 (lung) and PC-3 (prostate) human cancer cells as well as the non-tumorigenic fibroblast BJ (CRL-2522) cell line using MTT colorimetric assay. Purified bisdesmosidic saponins segetoside H and I were further examined using microscopy and apoptosis assays. Bisdesmosidic saponins exhibited dose-dependent growth inhibitory and selective apoptosis-inducing activity. Growth inhibitory effects were particularly strong in a breast (MDA-MB-231) and a prostate (PC-3) cancer cell line. Total extracts exhibited a different preference being most active against a colon cancer cell line (WiDr). In a comparison of varieties, all of the total seed extracts exhibited similar dose-dependent activities, but with some variation in potency. Monodesmosidic saponins vaccarosides A and B, phenolic vaccarin, and cyclopeptide segetalin A, co-occurring seed substituents, did not exhibit activity. The non-tumorigenic fibroblast cell line BJ (CRL 2522) was growth inhibited but did not undergo apoptosis when treated with bisdesmosidic saponins at low micromolar concentrations. Saponin-rich extracts from Kochia scoparia seed and Chenopodium quinoa were also evaluated alongside Saponaria saponins but did not exhibit activity. Closely related Quillaja saponins exhibited activity but were less potent.  相似文献   

Relationships among milk urea-nitrogen, dietary parameters, and fecal nitrogen in commercial dairy herds          下载免费PDF全文

Pipat Arunvipas  John A. VanLeeuwen  Ian R. Dohoo  Greg P. Keefe  Shelley A. Burton    Kerry D. Lissemore 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2008,72(5):449-453

Our study objective was to determine the ability of milk urea-nitrogen concentrations ([MUN]) to predict fecal nitrogen concentrations ([Fecal N]) in commercial dairy herds. A total of 83 dairy herds were each visited 3 times within 48 h after a monthly herd milk test. For each farm visit, forages were sampled for nutrient analyses, which were entered into a computerized ration evaluator, and fecal samples were taken per rectum from each of 6 cows (2 early-, 2 mid-, and 2 late-lactation). Fecal samples were pooled, mixed, and analyzed for nitrogen content. Fecal nitrogen concentrations were compared with the routinely measured nutritional parameters from the ration evaluation, and the herd average [MUN] for the previous milk test date using mixed linear regression analyses. Total protein supplied in the ration was significantly positively associated with [Fecal N], but herd average [MUN] was not associated (P > 0.10) with [Fecal N].  相似文献