INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PHYSICS     

Guillaume CE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1899,10(248):459-461

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Influence of Argan Kernel Roasting-time on Virgin Argan Oil Composition and Oxidative Stability     

Harhar H  Gharby S  Kartah B  El Monfalouti H  Guillaume D  Charrouf Z 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2011,66(2):163-168

Virgin argan oil, which is harvested from argan fruit kernels, constitutes an alimentary source of substances of nutraceutical value. Chemical composition and oxidative stability of argan oil prepared from argan kernels roasted for different times were evaluated and compared with those of beauty argan oil that is prepared from unroasted kernels. Prolonged roasting time induced colour development and increased phosphorous content whereas fatty acid composition and tocopherol levels did not change. Oxidative stability data indicate that kernel roasting for 15 to 30 min at 110 °C is optimum to preserve virgin argan oil nutritive properties.  相似文献   

Effects of plant diversity on plant biomass production and soil macrofauna in Amazonian pastures     

Kam-Rigne Laossi  Sbastien Barot  Deurival Carvalho  Thierry Desjardins  Patrick Lavelle  Marlucia Martins  Danielle Mitja  Ana Carolina Rendeiro  Guillaume Rousseau  Max Sarrazin  Elena Velasquez  Michel Grimaldi 《Pedobiologia》2008,51(5-6):397-407

We examined the effect of plant diversity on plant production and soil macrofauna density and diversity. Four plants species (Arachis pintoi, an herbaceous legume; Brachiaria brizantha, a perennial grass; Leucaena leucocephala, a legume shrub; Solanum rugosum, a non-legume shrub) were used in a field experiment and communities of all combinations of one, two, three or four species were established. Plant diversity neither significantly affected density and diversity of soil macrofauna nor total plant biomass, however, the biomass of specific plants was negatively affected by plant diversity. Earthworm and ant densities were significantly higher in the presence of A. pintoi although this plant influenced neither the density of the other group nor fauna diversity. Earthworm and diplopod densities increased significantly with shoot biomass of A. pintoi. Fauna diversity increased significantly with shoot biomass (specific and total). Root biomass did not affect fauna density and diversity. Our results suggest that fauna density is affected by litter quality and that it is more affected by resource quantity than quality. Our results also confirm the importance of nitrogen fixers to ecosystem function.  相似文献   

Reactive and nonreactive scattering of H2 from a metal surface is electronically adiabatic     

Nieto P  Pijper E  Barredo D  Laurent G  Olsen RA  Baerends EJ  Kroes GJ  Farías D 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5770):86-89

The Born-Oppenheimer approximation of uncoupled electronic and nuclear motion is a standard tool of the computational chemist. However, its validity for molecule-metal surface reactions, which are important to heterogeneous catalysis, has been questioned because of the possibility of electron-hole pair excitations. We have performed experiments and calculations on the scattering of molecular hydrogen from a catalytically relevant metal surface, obtaining absolute probabilities for changes in the molecule's velocity parallel to the representative Pt(111) surface. The comparison for in-plane and out-of-plane scattering and results for dissociative chemisorption in the same system show that for hydrogen-metal systems, reaction and diffractive scattering can be accurately described using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation.  相似文献   

Investigation and management of an outbreak of multispecies mycobacteriosis in Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus fosteri) including the use of triple antibiotic treatment          下载免费PDF全文

T B Strike  Y Feltrer  E Flach  S K Macgregor  S Guillaume 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(4):557-570

Disease due to non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is common in fish. Current recommendations focus on outbreak management by depopulating entire fish stocks and disinfecting tanks. Treatment is not advocated. Treatment may be appropriate, however, where individual, valuable fish are concerned. ZSL London Zoo managed an outbreak of mycobacteriosis in a valuable group of imported F1 captive‐bred Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus fosteri) by depopulation, isolation, extensive testing and daily oral antibiotic treatment. Four species of Mycobacterium (M. marinum, M. fortuitum, M. chelonae and M. peregrinum) were involved in this outbreak, each with unique antibiotic sensitivities. Triple therapy with rifampicin, doxycycline and enrofloxacin for 8 months was the most effective antibiotic combination, resulting in full disease resolution. No side effects were noted and, more than 18 months post‐treatment, no recurrence had occurred. This is the first report of mycobacterial disease in lungfish and the first report of a polymycobacterial outbreak in fish involving these four species of Mycobacterium. This report demonstrates the value of extensive isolation and identification. Also, as therapies currently advised in standard texts did not reflect the antibiotic sensitivity of the NTM found in the fish reported here, we recommend that antibiotic treatment should always be based on sensitivity testing.  相似文献   

Assessment of dietary taurine essentiality on the physiological state of juvenile Totoaba macdonaldi          下载免费PDF全文

Tony Budi Satriyo  Mario A. Galaviz  Guillaume Salze  Lus M. López 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(11):5677-5689

Information on specific nutrients like taurine is important to support a nutritionally balanced diet for marine species such as totoaba Totoaba macdonaldi under culture conditions. Eight isoproteic (50%) and isolipidic (12%) experimental diets were formulated to contain graded levels of taurine (0.23%, 0.45%, 0.91%, 1.28%, 1.76%, 2.20%, 2.72%, 3.01% as‐is) using ethanol‐washed fishmeal (FM) as primary protein source. Green liver, low gallbladder‐somatic index (GBSI), low apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of lipid, low erythrocyte turnover, low plasma cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as low visceral fat, were detected in the basal diet (T‐0.23) after 10 weeks. Thermal‐unit growth coefficient (TGC) was best modelled by a five‐parameter saturation kinetic model (5‐SKM, p < .001) with marginal differences (R² = .13) of juvenile totoaba (initial weight 10.0 ± 1.0 g). Low GBSI (0.095%) was accompanied with low ADC of lipid (78.9%) in the low‐taurine diet (T‐0.23). GBSI and ADC of lipid were best modelled by four‐parameter SKM (4‐SKM, R²=.72 and .87, respectively, p < .001). Plasma cholesterol increased linearly with dietary taurine (R² = .75, p < .001), while plasma triglycerides increased quadratically (R² = .53, p < .001), suggesting modulations of lipid metabolism in totoaba. Plasma bilirubin levels increased linearly, and the lowest concentration was found in the basal diet (T‐0.23); however, haematocrit and haemoglobin levels were changed slightly between the treatments. This study demonstrates that supplementation with a low level of taurine (0.45% as‐is) in a washed FM‐based diet can normalize the physiological condition of juvenile totoaba. Green liver, GBSI, ADC of lipid, plasma cholesterol and triglycerides may be informative diagnostic tools for taurine deficiency in totoaba.  相似文献   

A novel enzymatic pre‐treatment improves amino acid utilization in feather meal fed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)     

Guillaume Pfeuti  John P. Cant  Anna K. Shoveller  Dominique P. Bureau 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(5):1459-1474

A growth trial followed by a digestibility trial were conducted to assess the bioavailability of arginine (Arg) and amino acid digestibility of two feather meals (FeMs) and their pre‐treated counterparts (PTFeMs). Two FeMs, identified as FeM1 and FeM2, were incubated in 200% distilled water (%FeM w/w), with 0.05% of Savinase^® 16L (%FeM v/w) and 2% sodium sulphite (%FeM w/w) at 55ºC for 24 hr in a shaking incubator to produce PTFeM1 and PTFeM2 respectively. A basal diet, highly deficient in Arg (12.0 g/kg Arg) was formulated and 10 other diets were formulated to contain 13.5 or 15.0 g/kg Arg by adding increasing amounts of L‐Arg, FeMs or PTFeMs. The experimental diets were fed for 8 weeks using a standard protocol. At 13.5 g/kg Arg, the PTFeMs supported 10.5% to 11.5% higher growth rates (p < 0.05) than their untreated counterparts. The diets formulated with PTFeMs presented 3.5%–4.5% and 2.7%–5.9% higher (p < 0.05) apparent digestibility coefficients of protein when compared to the diets containing the FeM counterparts at 13.5 and 15.0 g/kg Arg respectively. The results from this study demonstrate the potential of the pre‐treatment to improve the nutritive value of FeMs in rainbow trout.  相似文献   

Hand-feel soil texture observations to evaluate the accuracy of digital soil maps for local prediction of soil particle size distribution: A case study in Central France     

Anne C. RICHER-de-FORGES  Dominique ARROUAYS  Laura POGGIO  Songchao CHEN  Marine LACOSTE  Budiman MINASNY  Zamir LIBOHOVA  Pierre ROUDIER  Vera L. MULDER  Herv&#; N&#;D&#;LEC  Guillaume MARTELET  Blandine LEMERCIER  Philippe LAGACHERIE  Hocine BOURENNANE 《土壤圈》2023,33(5):731-743

Digital maps of soil properties are now widely available. End-users now can access several digital soil mapping (DSM) products of soil properties, produced using different models, calibration/training data, and covariates at various spatial scales from global to local. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide easy-to-understand tools to communicate map uncertainty and help end-users assess the reliability of DSM products for use at local scales. In this study, we used a large amount of hand-feel soil texture (HFST) data to assess the performance of various published DSM products on the prediction of soil particle size distribution in Central France. We tested four DSM products for soil texture prediction developed at various scales (global, continental, national, and regional) by comparing their predictions with approximately 3 200 HFST observations realized on a 1:50 000 soil survey conducted after release of these DSM products. We used both visual comparisons and quantitative indicators to match the DSM predictions and HFST observations. The comparison between the low-cost HFST observations and DSM predictions clearly showed the applicability of various DSM products, with the prediction accuracy increasing from global to regional predictions. This simple evaluation can determine which products can be used at the local scale and if more accurate DSM products are required.  相似文献