Genome sequence of Theileria parva, a bovine pathogen that transforms lymphocytes     

Gardner MJ  Bishop R  Shah T  de Villiers EP  Carlton JM  Hall N  Ren Q  Paulsen IT  Pain A  Berriman M  Wilson RJ  Sato S  Ralph SA  Mann DJ  Xiong Z  Shallom SJ  Weidman J  Jiang L  Lynn J  Weaver B  Shoaibi A  Domingo AR  Wasawo D  Crabtree J  Wortman JR  Haas B  Angiuoli SV  Creasy TH  Lu C  Suh B  Silva JC  Utterback TR  Feldblyum TV  Pertea M  Allen J  Nierman WC  Taracha EL  Salzberg SL  White OR  Fitzhugh HA  Morzaria S  Venter JC  Fraser CM  Nene V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,309(5731):134-137

We report the genome sequence of Theileria parva, an apicomplexan pathogen causing economic losses to smallholder farmers in Africa. The parasite chromosomes exhibit limited conservation of gene synteny with Plasmodium falciparum, and its plastid-like genome represents the first example where all apicoplast genes are encoded on one DNA strand. We tentatively identify proteins that facilitate parasite segregation during host cell cytokinesis and contribute to persistent infection of transformed host cells. Several biosynthetic pathways are incomplete or absent, suggesting substantial metabolic dependence on the host cell. One protein family that may generate parasite antigenic diversity is not telomere-associated.  相似文献   

A method of capability evaluation for upland soils     

Yoon-Soo Suh  Kazutake Kyuma  Keizaburo Kawaguchi 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):275-286

As one of the important capability determinants of upland soils, fertility was taken up as the object of evaluation in this study.

On the basis of correlation analysis, factor analysis (FA) was applied to a set of 12 variates (humus, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, clay. sand, total phosphorus, Bray-P. HC1-P, CEC, percentage base saturation. exchangeable calcium, and pH).

Four mutually independent and clearly definable fertility component factors were consistently extracted from the 12 variates for the entire set of 94 surface soil samples and for different strata of the samples. The fertility status of each sample soil could be objectively designated by the scores of the four factors.

As a means of summarizing the information obtained, taxonomic distances between all pairs of the samples were computed from these 4 factor scores and subjected to numerical taxonomy. Six fertility groups were formulated, each of which was characterized by one or more of the fertility components. This fertility classification based on the present state of soil properties could be of use in pointing to the proper direction of fertility amelioration and improvement for each group of Boils.  相似文献   

Hybrid neurons in a microRNA mutant are putative evolutionary intermediates in insect CO2 sensory systems     

Cayirlioglu P  Kadow IG  Zhan X  Okamura K  Suh GS  Gunning D  Lai EC  Zipursky SL 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5867):1256-1260

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Real-time identification of the draft system using neural network     

Soon Yong Chun  Han Jo Bae  Seon Mi Kim  Moon W. Suh  P. Grady  Won Seok Lyoo  Won Sik Yoon  Sung Soo Han 《Fibers and Polymers》2006,7(1):62-65

Making a good model is one of the most important aspects in the field of a control system. If one makes a good model, one is now ready to make a good controller for the system. The focus of this thesis lies on system modeling, the draft system in specific. In modeling for a draft system, one of the most common methods is the “least-square method”; however, this method can only be applied to linear systems. For this reason, the draft system, which is non-linear and a time-varying system, needs a new method. This thesis proposes a new method (the MLS method) and demonstrates a possible way of modeling even though a system has input noise and system noise. This thesis proved the adaptability and convergence of the MLS method.  相似文献   

AMMI analysis of cassava response to contrasting environments: case study of genotype by environment effect on pests and diseases,root yield,and carotenoids content in Cameroon     

Apollin Kuate Fotso  Rachid Hanna  Peter Kulakow  Elisabeth Parkes  Peter Iluebbey  Francis Ajebesone Ngome  Christopher Suh  Jacques Massussi  Ibrahim Choutnji  Venasius Lendzemo Wirnkar 《Euphytica》2018,214(9):155

Genotype by environment interaction remains a substantial issue in all breeding programs. Crop genotypes are generally developed in a central breeding location, but always require the evaluation of breeding products in different environments. This is particularly relevant in countries that have a wide range of climates. Eighteen cassava genotypes were evaluated in Cameroon in eight environments—varying in seasonal rainfall and temperature patterns and soil characteristics—over two cropping seasons. Soil nutrient content was analyzed and trials were established in a randomized complete block design in three replications. Response of genotypes to major cassava pests and diseases, yield and carotenoids content was evaluated. It was observed that four genotypes did not show cassava mosaic disease (CMD) symptoms irrespective of the environments. The local check had highest CMD incidence and severity across all environments. Average number of whitefly per plant across all environments was highest on TMS 96/0023. Average cassava green mite (CGM) infestation was low on all the genotypes. Fresh root yield of five genotypes ranged between 25 and 30 tons per ha for both years. Significant and positive correlation was found across locations between fresh root yield and soil K, P and Mg. AMMI analysis revealed highly significant differences among genotypes and environments and significant genotype?×?environment interaction for most of the estimated traits, indicating variability in genotypes performance with environment.  相似文献   

Improved vegetation segmentation with ground shadow removal using an HDR camera     

Hyun K. Suh  Jan Willem Hofstee  Eldert J. van Henten 《Precision Agriculture》2018,19(2):218-237

A vision-based weed control robot for agricultural field application requires robust vegetation segmentation. The output of vegetation segmentation is the fundamental element in the subsequent process of weed and crop discrimination as well as weed control. There are two challenging issues for robust vegetation segmentation under agricultural field conditions: (1) to overcome strongly varying natural illumination; (2) to avoid the influence of shadows under direct sunlight conditions. A way to resolve the issue of varying natural illumination is to use high dynamic range (HDR) camera technology. HDR cameras, however, do not resolve the shadow issue. In many cases, shadows tend to be classified during the segmentation as part of the foreground, i.e., vegetation regions. This study proposes an algorithm for ground shadow detection and removal, which is based on color space conversion and a multilevel threshold, and assesses the advantage of using this algorithm in vegetation segmentation under natural illumination conditions in an agricultural field. Applying shadow removal improved the performance of vegetation segmentation with an average improvement of 20, 4.4, and 13.5% in precision, specificity and modified accuracy, respectively. The average processing time for vegetation segmentation with shadow removal was 0.46 s, which is acceptable for real-time application (<1 s required). The proposed ground shadow detection and removal method enhances the performance of vegetation segmentation under natural illumination conditions in the field and is feasible for real-time field applications.  相似文献   

Host Specialization in the Charcoal Rot Fungus, Macrophomina phaseolina     

Su G  Suh SO  Schneider RW  Russin JS 《Phytopathology》2001,91(2):120-126

ABSTRACT To investigate host specialization in Macrophomina phaseolina, the fungus was isolated from soybean, corn, sorghum, and cotton root tissue and soil from fields cropped continuously to these species for 15 years in St. Joseph, LA. Chlorate phenotype of each isolate was determined after growing on a minimal medium containing 120 mM potassium chlorate. Consistent differences in chlorate sensitivity were detected among isolates from different hosts and from soil versus root. To further explore genetic differentiation among fungal isolates from each host, these isolates were examined by restriction fragment length polymorphism and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. No variations were observed among isolates in restriction patterns of DNA fragments amplified by polymerase chain reaction covering the internal transcribed spacer region, 5.8S rRNA and part of 25S rRNA, suggesting that M. phaseolina constitutes a single species. Ten random primers were used to amplify the total DNA of 45 isolates, and banding patterns resulting from RAPD analysis were compared with the neighbor-joining method. Isolates from a given host were genetically similar to each other but distinctly different from those from other hosts. Chlorate-sensitive isolates were distinct from chlorate-resistant isolates within a given host. In greenhouse tests, soybean, sorghum, corn, and cotton were grown separately in soil infested with individual isolates of M. phaseolina that were chosen based on their host of origin and chlorate phenotype. Root colonization and plant weight were measured after harvesting. More colonization of corn roots occurred when corn was grown in soil containing corn isolates compared with isolates from other hosts. However, there was no host specialization in isolates from soybean, sorghum, or cotton. More root colonization in soybean occurred with chlorate-sensitive than with chlorate-resistant isolates.  相似文献   

Laboratory studies on formation of bound residues and degradation of propiconazole in soils     

Kim IS  Shim JH  Suh YT 《Pest management science》2003,59(3):324-330

Laboratory studies on the formation of bound residues and on the degradation of the triazole fungicide propiconazole were conducted in two different soils. Soils treated with 14C-propiconazole were incubated at 22 degrees C and extracted exhaustively with a solvent at each sampling date until no further propiconazole was extracted. The solvent-extractable residues were used to measure propiconazole remaining in the soil, and the extracted soils were used to investigate bound residues of propiconazole. Mineralization of propiconazole was investigated by measuring [14C]carbon dioxide evolved from the soil samples. Formation of bound residues of propiconazole was higher in silty clay loam soil than in sandy loam soil, giving approximately 38 and 23% of the applied 14C, respectively. In contrast, the rates of degradation and mineralization of propiconazole were lower in silty clay loam soil than in sandy loam soil. Decreased extractability of the 14C residues with incubation time was observed with increased formation of bound residues. When the propiconazole remaining in the solvent-extractable residues was quantitatively measured by high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis, the half-life value in sandy loam soil was about 315 days, while the half-life in silty clay loam soil exceeded the duration of the 1 year experimental period. Increased formation of bound residues was observed as propiconazole degraded with incubation time, suggesting that degradation products are involved in the formation of bound residues. Our study suggests that the formation of bound residues of propiconazole contributes to the persistence of this fungicide in soil.  相似文献   

Retraction of “Involvement of adaptive mechanism and an energy-dependent efflux system of Pseudomonas sp. LE2 counteracting insecticide lindane” [Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 73 (2002) 140-148]     

In Seon Kim  Ro Dong Park  Yong Tack Suh 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2003,77(1):34

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Calcium/calmodulin-dependent signaling for prepenetration development in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cochliobolus miyabeanus</Emphasis> infecting rice     

Il-Pyung Ahn  Seok-Cheol Suh 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(2):113-120

Cochliobolus miyabeanus forms a specialized infection structure, an appressorium, to infect rice. Contacting a hard surface induces appressorium formation in C. miyabeanus, while the hydrophobicity of the substratum does not affect this morphogenic infection event. To determine whether the calcium/calmodulin-dependent signaling system is involved in prepenetration morphogenesis in C. miyabeanus, the effects of a calcium chelator (ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid; EGTA), phospholipase C inhibitor (neomycin), intracellular calcium channel blocker (TMB-8), calmodulin antagonists (chlorpromazine, phenoxybenzamine, and W-7), and calcineurin inhibitor (cyclosporin A) on morphogenesis and infection were examined. Addition of Ca²⁺ and the calcium ionophore A23187 did not affect conidial germination, while the number of appressoria decreased with higher concentrations. EGTA inhibited conidial germination and appressorium formation. The calcium channel blocker did not affect appressorium formation at any concentration; however, calmodulin antagonists and the calcineurin inhibitor specifically reduced appressorium formation at the micromolar level. One of the calmodulin antagonists, W-7, also inhibited accumulation of mRNA of the calmodulin gene within germinating conidia and/or appressorium-forming germ tubes. Thus, biochemical processes controlled by the calcium/calmodulin signaling system seem to be involved in the induction of prepenetration morphogenesis on rice.  相似文献