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81.
The hollowness of crosslinked hollow phenolic fibers was regulated successfully from 9 % to 80 % by adjusting the curing temperature
of the partially crosslinked fibers. The partially crosslinked fibers was studied in detail by mass gained, tensile strength,
solvent dissolution, SEM, IR, and TG analysis, and the prepared hollow phenolic fibers with different degrees of hollowness
were characterized with SEM, tensile strength, TG-DSC and TG-MS. The results show that the factor determining the hollowness
is the crosslinked extent of the partially crosslinked fibers and the hollow fibers with different degrees of hollowness have
similar crosslinkage, mechanical properties and thermal stability. 相似文献
82.
Yongju Zhao Jiahua Zhang Hong Wei Xinming Sun Biao Mu Mingju Yu Lingbing Wang 《Tropical animal health and production》2010,42(6):1257-1262
Two experiments were undertaken to select the efficient method applied for goat estrous synchronization. In experiment 1,
a total of 120 does (Capra hircus) were divided into five groups with a randomized block design, and the does of treatment 1 were synchronized by intravaginal
sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel inserted for 10 days. Does of treatments 2, 3, and 4 were treated with further
injection of 25 IU follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 0.05 mg prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α), and 25 IU FSH + 0.05 mg PGF2α at sponge withdrawal, respectively. The does in the control group (n = 40) without estrous synchronization treatment and natural estrous does were observed. In experiment 2, a total of 140 does
in five goat farms in breeding and non-breeding seasons were treated with the selective efficient procedure. The results presented
that all the employed treatments were capable of inducing and synchronizing estrous goats. According to estrous response and
economy, the use of intravaginal sponges impregnated with 30 mg Levonorgestrel and 0.05 mg PGF2α (treatment 3) is the first choice for estrous synchronization, and 95.0% of synchronized does demonstrated estrus, which
was significantly higher than that of treatment 1 (P < 0.05) and control group (P < 0.01). The percentages of ovulating of treatments 3 and 4 were the same (95.0%), which were significantly higher than that
of treatment 1 (P < 0.01). The ovulation rates among different groups were not significant (P > 0.05). When the selective procedure was applied to five goat farms, 85.7% (120/140) of does demonstrated estrus, and the
kidding percentage, litter size, and prolificacy rate were 53.6%, 0.95, and 177%, respectively. 相似文献
83.
George Rigos Alexandros Samartzis Morgane Henry Eleni Fountoulaki Efthimia Cotou John Sweetman Simon Davies Ioannis Nengas 《Aquaculture International》2010,18(6):1093-1104
The comparative effects of iron-supplemented levels on growth, tissue distribution, haematology and immunology of gilthead
sea bream, Sparus aurata (2 g) were investigated, using four organic (50, 100, 200, 300 mg ORG/kg diet) and one inorganic iron source (200 INOR mg/kg diet).
Fish were treated for 12 weeks with the experimental diets and maintained at a water temperature of 19–22°C. Growth (final
weight and specific growth rate), tissue distribution (spleen, liver and muscle), haematological parameters (red blood cells,
haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) and non-specific immune indexes (respiratory burst
activity and antibacterial activity of serum) were analysed. No significant differences were found in growth and iron tissue
distribution among the tested groups. Red blood cell counting was statistically higher in fish given 50 ORG, 100 ORG, 200
ORG and 200 INOR feeds. However, haematocrit, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration were not significantly
affected by increasing dietary iron. Fish receiving the 100 ORG diet had the best performance with respect to the respiratory
burst activity and significantly higher values for antibacterial activity of serum were obtained in fish fed with the 300
ORG diet. The present findings provided no clear evidence of the optimum iron concentration. However, there was adequate indication
that iron supplementation enhanced the performance of gilthead sea bream, mainly from a haematological and immunological point
of view. 相似文献
84.
85.
Kushibiki S Hodate K Shingu H Ueda Y Mori Y Itoh T Yokomizo Y 《American journal of veterinary research》2001,62(5):794-798
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of long-term administration of recombinant bovine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rbTNF) on plasma glucose and growth hormone concentrations, and to determine whether treatment with rbTNF causes insulin resistance in steers. ANIMALS: 5 steers treated with rbTNF and 5 steers treated with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control). PROCEDURES: In experiment 1, rbTNF (5.0 microg/kg of body weight) or saline solution (5 ml) was administered SC daily for 12 days. Blood samples were obtained before treatment, and plasma was harvested for determination of glucose, insulin, and growth hormone (GH) concentrations. In experiment 2, insulin, glucose, or growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) was administered IV on days 7, 9, and 11, respectively, after initiation of rbTNF or saline treatment in experiment 1. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were measured before and at various times for 4 hours after insulin or glucose administration. Plasma GH concentrations were measured at various times for 3 hours after GHRH administration. RESULTS: In experiment 1, administration of rbTNF resulted in hyperinsulinemia without hypoglycemia and decreased plasma GH concentrations. In experiment 2, plasma glucose concentrations were higher in steers treated with rbTNF and insulin than in controls. Plasma GH concentrations were lower in steers treated with rbTNF and GHRH than in controls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Prolonged treatment with rbTNF induced insulin resistance and inhibited GHRH-stimulated release of GH in steers. Results indicate that rbTNF is a proximal mediator of insulin resistance and inhibits release of GH during periods of endotoxemia or infection. 相似文献
86.
Relationship between serum TNF activity and insulin resistance in dairy cows affected with naturally occurring fatty liver 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ohtsuka H Koiwa M Hatsugaya A Kudo K Hoshi F Itoh N Yokota H Okada H Kawamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2001,63(9):1021-1025
To clarity the relationship between tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and insulin resistance in dairy cows affected with fatty liver, naturally occurring cases were investigated. The affected cows were classified into following three groups according to histopathologic findings of the liver: mild fat droplet deposition (group 1; n=11), severe fat droplet deposition (group 2; n=10), and cloudy swelling (group 3; n=8). Serum TNF activities in Group 2 (8.67 +/- 2.16 U/ml) and Group 3 (11.65 +/- 1.92 U/ml) were significantly higher than that in Group 1 (3.57 +/- 0.81 U/ml) (p<0.05). The insulin-tolerance tests showed that the insulin-stimulated glucose disposal rates (GDR) in Group 2 (27.6 +/- 7.8%) and Group 3 (15.8 +/- 9.1%) were significantly lower than that in Group 1 (41.7 +/- 9.8%). There was a significant negative correlation between serum TNF activity and GDR in affected cows (r=-0.56, p<0.01). These results indicate that serum TNF activity is correlated with insulin resistance in cows with fatty liver. 相似文献
87.
Pine Wilt Disease Caused by the Pine Wood Nematode: The Induced Resistance of Pine Trees by the Avirulent Isolates of Nematode 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Hajime Kosaka Takuya Aikawa Nobuo Ogura Katsuhiro Tabata Tomoya Kiyohara 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2001,107(7):667-675
Since the beginning of the 20th century, pine trees in Japan have been seriously damaged by the pine wilt disease. This disease is caused by the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, which is transmitted by the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus. The control of disease depends to a large extent on chemicals, but the public is now demanding environmentally friendly control methods. The virulence of B. xylophilus varies very widely. Pre-inoculation of young pine trees in a nursery with avirulent B. xylophilus has induced systemic resistance of trees against a subsequent inoculation with virulent B. xylophilus. This induced resistance was considered a hopeful means for developing a biological control for the disease. The induced resistance by the avirulent nematodes was also expressed in mature pine trees in a forest where the disease was naturally epidemic. However, the effects of induced resistance were not satisfactory for practical biological control. Since the inoculation with higher concentrations of the avirulent B. xylophilus induced the resistance more effectively, the pre-inoculation method will need to be improved to develop the biological control. The induced resistance of pine trees by avirulent B. xylophilus should be one of the candidate biological control methods against pine wilt disease. This induced resistance also provides an experimental system to clarify physiological interactions between the nematodes and pine trees. 相似文献
88.
Marianne J. Huisman Erik Jongedijk Dinie Posthumus-Lutke Willink Frank Van Der Wilk Ben J. C. Cornelissen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1992,98(2):29-36
To engineer resistance against potato virus X (PVX), the viral coat protein (CP) gene has been introduced into two potato cultivars. Stable expression of the gene in transgenic clones throughout the growing season has been obtained and resulted in considerably increased virus resistance. With varying frequencies depending on the original cultivar used, true-to-type PVX resistant transgenic clones have been obtained. Since deviant light sprout characteristics were invariably associated with aberrations in plant phenotype, they can be used in procedures to early screen for deviations. Furthermore, it has been possible to unequivocally discriminate between the original untransformed and independent transgenic cultivars. Although no relation has been found between the presence, if any, of the CP of potato virus Y (PVY) or potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in CP gene transgenic potato, appreciable levels of resistance to these viruses has been obtained. This suggests that the mechanism by which a viral CP gene in the potato genome evokes resistance, differs amongst various viruses. 相似文献
89.
O. M. van Andel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1968,74(1):113-120
Experiments on the effect of various compounds with plant growth regulating activity led to the hypothesis that conditions inhibitory to indoleacetic acid (IAA) action or leading to a decrease in the IAA level in cucumber seedlings would be unfavourable for the development of cucumber scab, caused byCladosporium cucumerinum. Susceptibility decreased as the result of treatment with growth retardants, which cause an increase in IAA-oxidase activity in the plants, whereas application of indoleacetic acid or compounds expected to decrease the rate of oxidative breakdown of IAA in the seedlings resulted in an increase of susceptibility. Growing the plants under various periods of illumination also influenced both the susceptibility of the plants and the IAA-oxidase activity in the hypocotyl tissue.To obtain further information about the relation between the increase in resistance and the increase in the rate of IAA oxidation, the effect of one compound, viz. L-threo-β-phenylserine (abbr. phenylserine) was studied in more detail. The rate of oxidative breakdown of IAA was increased in extracts of hypocotyls and cotyledons of plants treated with phenylserine as compared with extracts of tissue of untreated plants. Extracts of phenylserine-treated plants were found to contain a higher cofactor and/or a lower inhibitor content than those of control plants. The substances involved were not identified, but this result may indicate a shift in the concentrations of various phenols in the tissue.The question must remain open whether a shift in the concentration of phenols some-how effected by phenylserine treatment determines both degree of susceptibility and rate of IAA oxidation independently, or whether the rate of IAA breakdown and the resulting change in IAA content in the plants is directly related to the degree of susceptibility. 相似文献
90.