Summary We assessed vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi in coal, lignite, and calcite mine spoils. The level of VAM fungal infection and the population of VAM species in plants on the coal-waste sites were similar to those in plants on the calcite mine spoil. The plants on the coal-waste sites and their associated VAM fungi included Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers. with Glomus heterosporum and Sclerocystis microcarpus and Euphorbia hirta L. with G. botryoides and G. ambisporum. The recently revegetated lignite mine spoil supported Eragrostis sp. with G. globiferum, while the oldest revegetated lignite mine spoil supported Cocos nucifera L. with Scutellospora aurigloba and G. aggregatum, and Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. with Scutellospora dipapillosa and G. tenue. In the calcite mine spoil, roots of Mukia maderaspatana (L.) M. Romer with Sclerocystis sinuosa, G. dimorphicum, G. heterosporum and G. ambisporum and Datura metal L. with G. pustulatum and G. pulvinatum were found. The level of VAM infection and the population of VAM species in the oldest revegetated site (lignite mine spoil) were comparable with those in the coal-waste and calcite mine-spoil sites. 相似文献
The mosquito Anopheles balabacensis balabacensis has been identified as a natural vector of at least two species of simian malaria in the monsoon forests of the northern Malay States. This mosquito is also a serious vector of human malaria from Viet Nam to northern Malaya. This is the first report of a mosquito which transmits both human and simian malaria in nature. 相似文献
McGillicuddy et al. (Reports, 18 May 2007, p. 1021) proposed that eddy/wind interactions enhance the vertical nutrient flux in mode-water eddies, thus feeding large mid-ocean plankton blooms. We argue that the supply of nutrients to ocean eddies is most likely affected by submesoscale processes that act along the periphery of eddies and can induce vertical velocities several times larger than those due to eddy/wind interactions. 相似文献
The hydrobiological parameters of the waters in the vicinity of ash slurry and cooling water outfall from Ennore Thermal Power Station located on the shore of Bay of Bengal, Madras were determined. In the outfall site, an increase in mean temperature (35 °C), salinity (3.5%), nitrite ? N (25 μg L?1), ammonia ? N (185 μg L?1), phosphate ? P (1 mg L?1), silicate ? SiO2 (1.65 mg L?1), chlorophyll a (21.1 mg m?3), respiration (76% of gross production), suspended solids (3.84 g L?1), BOD (3.65 mg O2) and decrease in pH (8.1), dissolved oxygen (DO) (5.5 mg L?1), nitrate ? N (15 jig L?1), gross production (16.6 Mg C m?3 hr?1) were recorded. Phaeopigment and respiration were inversely related with chlorophyll a and net productivity, respectively. Microbial biomass varied spatially, but was generally low (114.5 jig L?1), at the outfall site. The hydrobiological characteristics of water with high turbidity indicate that the ash slurry and coolant water play a crucial role in a localized area resulting in environmental disturbance. The effect was profoundly influenced by an initial dilution, dispersion, wave mixing and current direction. The ecological relationships between these parameters and their implications in coastal pollution are discussed. 相似文献
Summary N2 fixation (acetylene reduction assay) by phylloplane microorganisms was measured in dominant and co-dominant plant species growing in a tropical rain forest. No significant acetylene reduction was recorded with intact leaf samples. Azotobacter sp., Beijerinckia sp., Derxia sp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated as phylloplane N2-fixing bacteria. Azospirillum lipoferum was only isolated from soil samples containing the roots of Poaceae. Nitrogenase activity was recorded in culture derived from the roots and rhizosphere soil samples, although low acetylene reduction activity indicates that these associations did not provide large amounts of N to the systems studied. 相似文献
1. A study was undertaken to characterise the oncogene Meq at the molecular level for three serotype 1 Marek’s disease virus (MDV) field isolates from vaccinated poultry flocks which had encountered a Marek’s disease outbreak in the southern part of India. The isolates were named Ind/TN/11/01, Ind/KA/12/02 and Ind/TN/12/03. The oncogene Meq was amplified by PCR and sequenced.
2. The isolates were shown to have a homology for the Meq gene of 99.1–99.8% with various isolates from China and 98.5–99.2% with isolates from Europe and the USA. Alignment analysis of the nucleotide sequences showed that nucleotide mutations at 5 different positions in the Meq gene displayed perfect regularity in MDVs circulating in the southern part of India, which could be considered as features of field MDVs recently prevalent in this area.
3. In addition, the mutation in the Meq gene at positions 251, 260 and 437 was unique and coincides with very virulent strains from China GX0101, GXY2 and a Hungarian strain ATE. The mutation at positions 283 and 300 was unique and coincides with the very virulent strain ATE of Hungary. There were also single nucleotide mutations at positions 155 (A–T), 369 (A–C), 462 (C–A) and 548 (C–T) observed in the isolate Ind/TN/12/03.
4. Phylogenetic analysis of Meq sequences revealed that field MDVs in this area evolved independently but have similarities with very virulent strains from China, and that Meq has more similarities with the very virulent Hungarian strain. 相似文献