Genetic gains for grain yield in high latitude spring wheat grown in Western Siberia in 1900–2008     

A. Morgounov  V. Zykin  I. Belan  L. Roseeva  Yu. Zelenskiy  Hugo Ferney Gomez-Becerra  H. Budak  F. Bekes 《Field Crops Research》2010

Short season high latitude (50°N–56°N) spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on approximately 7 million ha in Western Siberia with average yield of 1.5–2.0 t/ha. A historical set of 47 varieties developed and grown in the region between 1900 and 2000 was evaluated at a trial in Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture (Omsk) in 2002–2008. The genetic gains for grain yield and associated changes in agronomic traits were analyzed for three maturity groups (early, medium and late) and four breeding periods (before 1930, 1950–1975, 1976–1985 and after 1985). The overall yield was 3.71 t/ha for modern varieties versus 2.18 t/ha for old varieties representing 0.7% increase per year in the course of 100 years. The genetic gains between the breeding periods indicated that the rate of progress for the early and medium maturity groups was more or less comparable from one breeding period to the other. For the late maturity group there was an obvious and sharp decline in genetic gain with time. Modern varieties were also characterized by average response to environmental mean and good grain yield stability evaluated according to Eberhart and Russell (1966). Thousand kernel weight and number of grains per unit area were linearly correlated with grain yield and genetic gain over time suggested their importance for breeding progress. Resistance to leaf rust in some modern varieties sustained and contributed to stability of genetic gains. The yield increase over time was not associated with plant height reduction and incorporation of Rht genes. The maturity range of the newer varieties is narrower compared to old germplasm as they tend to belong to medium maturity group. Translocation 1B.1R had limited contribution to Western Siberian germplasm being observed in only three varieties. The increase in adaptation, yield potential and its stability has been reached due to gradual accumulation of favorable genes through diverse crosses, robust selection and testing system. Resistance to leaf rust and other prevalent pathogens is of paramount importance for future progress.  相似文献   

Epidemiological assessment of clinical poultry cases through the government veterinary hospital-based passive surveillance system in Bangladesh: a case study     

Rahman  Md. Ashiqur  Rahman  Md. Mahbubur  Abdullah  Md. Sadeque  Sayeed  Md. Abu  Rashid  Md. Harun  Mahmud  Rashed  Belgrad  Joseph P.  Hoque  Md. Ahasanul 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(4):967-975

  相似文献   

Evaluating the long-term effects of tillage systems on soil structural quality using visual assessment and classical methods     

İsmail Çelik  Hikmet Günal  Mert Acar  Nurullah Acir  Zeliha Bereket Barut  Mesut Budak 《Soil Use and Management》2020,36(2):223-239

Current agricultural practices and their impacts on the sustainability of crop production can be evaluated by simple and reliable soil structure assessment tools. The study was conducted to determine the effects of long-term (2006–2017) tillage systems on structural quality of a clayey soil using the visual evaluation of soil structure (VESS) and classical field and laboratory measurements. A field experiment with seven tillage systems, representing both traditional and conservation tillage methods, was conducted on a clayey soil in the Cukurova region, Turkey. Soil samples from 0–10, 10–20 and 20–25 cm depths were analysed for mean weight diameter (MWD), porosity and organic carbon. Penetration resistance (PR) was determined in each treatment plot. The VESS scores (<2) of upper 0–5 cm indicated a good structural quality for all tillage systems. The VESS scores were positively related to PR and MWD and negatively to macroporosity (MaP) and total porosity. In reduced and no-till systems, poorer soil structures were observed in subsurface layers where firm platy and angular blocky structures were defined. Mean VESS score (3.29) in 20–25 cm depth where PR was 3.01 MPa under no-till indicated a deterioration of soil structural quality; thus, immediate physical interventions would be needed. Lower VESS scores and PR values under strategic tillage which was created by ploughing half of no-till plots in November 2015 indicated successful correction of compaction caused by long-term no-till. The results suggest that the VESS approach is sensitive and useful in distinguishing compacted layers within the topsoil.  相似文献   

Effect of resin content and pressure on the performance properties of rubberwood-kenaf composite Board Panel     

Majid Dehghan Nayeri  Paridah Md Tahir  Mohammad Jawaid  Jalaluddin Harun  Luqman Chuah Abdullah  Edi Suhaimi Bakar  Samaneh Keshani  Farideh Namvar 《Fibers and Polymers》2014,15(6):1263-1269

The possibility of manufacturing rubberwood and kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) stem medium density fibreboard (MDF) panels at different pressure and resin content were investigated. The effect of mechanisms of interacted independent variables (resin content and pressure) on MDF properties was analyzed. The board performance was evaluated by measuring internal bond (IB) strength, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), water absorption (WA) and thickness swell (TS). The test results were statistically analyzed by using response surface method (RSM) to determine the significant independent variables that influenced MDF properties. A mathematical simulation or response surface models were developed to predict the MDF properties (MOR, MOE, IB, WA and TS). The obtained results showed that MDF density and all interactions between the experimental variables were significant factors that influenced the mechanical properties of MDF. At 8 bar and 14 % resin content, the MDF recorded WA of 83.12 % and TS of 20.2 %. It can be inferred that two parameters (resin content and pressure) had positive effect on physical and mechanical properties of MDF. We concluded that resin content show more significant effects on MDF manufacturing as compared to pressure parameters.  相似文献   

Revealing genetic diversity and population structure in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) by SSR markers     

Karcı  Harun  Paizila  Aibibula  Güney  Murat  Zhaanbaev  Mederbek  Kafkas  Salih 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2022,69(8):2875-2887

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution - Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) is the only cultivated species in Pistacia genus and it is one of the most important species of hard-shelled fruits. Pistachio...  相似文献   

Effects of apple cider vinegars produced with different techniques on blood lipids in high-cholesterol-fed rats     

Budak NH  Kumbul Doguc D  Savas CM  Seydim AC  Kok Tas T  Ciris MI  Guzel-Seydim ZB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(12):6638-6644

Red delicious apples were used to produce natural apple cider with and without inclusion of maceration. Traditional surface and industrial submersion methods were then applied to make vinegar from apple ciders. Apple cider vinegar samples produced with inclusion of maceration in the surface method had the highest total phenolic content, chlorogenic acid, ORAC, and TEAC levels. Cholesterol and apple vinegar samples were administered using oral gavage to all groups of rats except the control group. Apple cider vinegars, regardless of the production method, decreased triglyceride and VLDL levels in all groups when compared to animals on high-cholesterol diets without vinegar supplementation. Apple cider vinegars increased total cholesterol and HDL and LDL cholesterol levels and decreased liver function tests when compared to animals on a high-cholesterol diet without vinegar supplementation. A high-cholesterol diet resulted in hepatic steatosis. VSBM and VSB groups significantly decreased steatosis.  相似文献   

Effect of chitosan addition on the surface properties of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) paper     

Alireza Ashori  Warwick D. Raverty  Jalaluddin Harun 《Fibers and Polymers》2005,6(2):174-179

The present paper studies the effect of chitosan, cationic starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as sizing agents to enhance surface properties of kenaf paper. The polymers were incorporated into the sheets by spray application. The results clearly showed that the addition of chitosan to a sheet formed from beaten fibers had excellent improvement in surface properties, compared to the effect of other additives. Sizing quality of cationic starch fairly matched with the sizing quality of chitosan, however, it was able to reduce the water absorption potential of paper more than chitosan at a same concentration. In most other properties, particularly the most important property for printing papers, surface smoothness, chitosan-sized papers are superior to the paper sized with cationic starch or PVA.  相似文献   

Chicken Faeces Garden Fertilizer: Possible Source of Human Avian Influenza H5N1 Infection     

I. N. Kandun  G. Samaan  S. Harun  W. H. Purba  E. Sariwati  C. Septiawati  M. Silitonga  N. P. I. Dharmayanti  P. M. Kelly  T. Wandra 《Zoonoses and public health》2010,57(4):285-290

Avian influenza H5N1 infection in humans is typically associated with close contact with infected poultry or other infected avian species. We report on human cases of H5N1 infection in Indonesia where exposure to H5N1‐infected animals could not be established, but where the investigation found chicken faeces contaminated with viable H5N1 virus in the garden fertilizer. Human cases of avian influenza H5N1 warrant extensive investigations to determine likely sources of illness and to minimize risk to others. Authorities should regulate the sale and transportation of chicken faeces as fertilizer from areas where H5N1 outbreaks are reported.  相似文献   

The sexually dimorphic adipose fin is an androgen target tissue in the brown trout (Salmo trutta fario)     

Olcay Hisar  Adem Yavuz Sönmez  Şükriye Aras Hisar  Harun Budak  Nejdet Gültepe 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(2):233-241

An investigation has been described on the relationship of body length, age and sex with adipose fin length and the number of androgen receptor (AR)-containing cells in the adipose fin as a secondary sexual characteristic for brown trout (Salmo trutta fario). Firstly, body and adipose fin lengths of 2- to 5-year-old brown trout were measured. Thereafter, these fish were killed by decapitation, then their sexes were determined, and adipose fins were excised. The cellular bases of AR binding activities in the adipose fins were analyzed with an antibody against human/rat AR peptide. Immunocytochemistry and western blotting techniques were performed with this antibody. Analysis of morphological measurements indicated that body length and age had a linear relationship with adipose fin length. The coefficients of determination for the body length and age were 0.92 and 0.85 in the male fish and 0.76 and 0.73 in the female fish against the adipose fin length, respectively. At 2 years of age, cells in the adipose fin did not exhibit AR immunoreactivity. However, AR-immunopositive cells were abundant in the adipose fin of 3- to 5-year-old fish. Moreover, the number of AR-immunopositive cells was significantly (P < 0.05) high in males and increased with age. These observations indicate that the adipose fin in the brown trout is a probable target for androgen action and that tissue function or development may to some extent be androgen dependent. In addition, it is likely that such an effect will be mediated by specific androgen receptors.  相似文献   

Row spacing impacts the critical period for weed control in cotton (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gossypium hirsutum</Emphasis>)     

Nihat Tursun  Avishek Datta  Selvi Budak  Zekeriya Kantarci  Stevan Z. Knezevic 《Phytoparasitica》2016,44(1):139-149

The knowledge on the critical crop-weed competition period is important for designing an efficient weed management program. Field studies were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at the Agricultural Research Institute, Kahramanmaras, Turkey to determine the effects of three row spacing (50, 70 and 90 cm) on the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in cotton. A four parameter logistic equation was fit to data relating relative crop yield to both increasing duration of weed interference and length of weed-free period. The relative yield of cotton was influenced by the duration of weed-infested or weed-free period, regardless of row spacing. In cotton grown at 50 cm row spacing, the CPWC ranged from 117–526 growing degree days (GDD) (V2–V11 growth stages) in 2012 and 124–508 GDD (V2–V10) in 2013 based on the 5% acceptable yield loss level. At 70 cm row spacing, the CPWC ranged from 98–661 GDD in 2012 (V2–V13) and 144–616 GDD (V2–V12) in 2013. At 90 cm row spacing, the CPWC ranged from 80–771 GDD in 2012 (V1–V14) and 83–755 GDD (V1–V14) in 2013. In order to obtain a 95% weed-free yield, the weed management should start at 16 days after crop emergence (DAE) and continued until 52 DAE (V2–V11) for crops grown in 50 cm row spacing, 15 and 60 DAE (V2–V13) for 70 cm row spacing and 11 and 67 DAE (V1–V14) for crops grown in 90 cm row spacing. This suggests that cotton grown in narrow row spacing (50 cm) had greater competiveness against weeds compared with wider row spacing (70 and 90 cm). Cotton growers can benefit from these results by improving cost of weed control through better timing of weed management.  相似文献