Versuche zur Gewebekultur in der GattungLycopersicon Miller I. Übersicht     

Professor Dr. Helmut Koblitz 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1982,30(1):27-43

Zusammenfassung Übersicht zu Anwendungen der Gewebekulturtechnik (Kalluskultur, Sproß- und Pflanzenregeneration aus Explantaten, Antherenkultur, Embryokultur, mit Ausnahme von Protoplastentechniken) in der GattungLycopersicon Miller.

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Experiments on tissue culture in the genusLycopersicon Miller. I. Survey

Summary A survey is given concerning applications of tissue culture techniques (callus culture, shoot and plant regeneration from explants and calluses, anther culture, embryo culture, except protoplast techniques) in the genusLycopersicon Miller.

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Lycopersicon Miller. I.

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Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. mult.Hans Stubbe mit herzlichen Glückwünschen zu seinem achtzigsten Geburtstag gewidmet.  相似文献   

A checklist of the outh Italian cultivated plants     

Karl Hammer  Helmut Knüpffer  Pietro Perrino 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1990,38(3):191-310

Summary Ten collecting missions in South Italy together with an intensive study of literature sources allowed the compilation of a checklist of the cultivated plant species of south Italy. This checklist contains 540 taxa belonging to 520 different species. The alphabetically ordered articles for the taxa contain the botanical name, the plant family, Italian folk names, information about the distribution in the area referring to the regions, data on collections during our missions indicating the regions, too, details of plant uses and references to relevant, mostly Italian literature sources, including reports from our own explorations and papers based on the material collected. Three appendices provide indexes of synonyms and folk names, respectively, with reference to the accepted botanical names, and an index of families and genera. The information given in this checklist was extracted from a database of the cultivated plants of South Italy, a microcomputer-based system. The checklist is a useful tool for further plant genetic resources exploration in Italy, but may be also of interest for ethnobotanists and other researchers engaged in cultivated plants.

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Liste der Kulturpflanzen Süditaliens

Zusammenfassung Zehn Sammelreisen in Süditalien und ein intensives Literaturstudium ermöglichten die Zusammenstellung einer Liste der Kulturpflanzen Süditaliens. Diese Liste enthält 540 Taxa, die 520 verschiedenen Arten angehören. Die alphabetisch geordneten Artikel über die einzelnen Taxa enthalten den botanischen Namen, die Pflanzenfamilie, italienische Volksnamen, Verbreitung im Gebiet nach Regionen aufgeführt, Aufsammlungen während unserer Sammelreisen ebenfalls auf die Regionen bezogen, Angaben über die Nutzung der Pflanzen und Verweise auf wichtige, meist italienische Literaturquellen, einschließlich der Berichte über unsere eigenen Sammelreisen und von Arbeiten, die sich auf unserem Sammelmaterial begründen. Drei Register gestatten das Aufsuchen von Informationen in der Liste nach Synonymen bzw. nach Volksnamen, mit Verweis auf den akzeptierten Namen, und nach Familien und Gattungen. Die in der Liste enthaltene Information wurde aus einer Datenbank der Kulturpflanzen Süditaliens, einem mikrocomputer-gestützten System, ausgewählt. Die Liste kann für die weitere Erfassung pflanzlicher genetischer Ressourcen in Italien nützlich, aber auch für Ethnobotaniker und andere Wissenschaftler, die sich mit Kulturpflanzen befassen, interessant sein.

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Zur Planung und Durchführung von Versuchen an Hunden zur Qualitätsprüfung von Futtermitteln     

Friedhelm Knappen  Helmut Schrank 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1979,29(3-4):307-319

If the quality of food or feed is to be tested in experiments with the dogs, the criteria of evaluation are of other kind than in studies with farm or with small laboratory animals. In livestock the effect of the quality of feed is examined by well definable performances, e.g. fattening, milk production, egg production. In the case of small laboratory animals mainly growth or metabolism experiments are carried out. For testing the quality of feed with dogs the strongly marked olfactory sense of the dogs is used in order to find out the feed preferred in feedselection experiments. Furthermore, dogs are used expecially in long-term experiments. In these studies the effect of the quality of feed on numerous biological parameters is investigated. Here, the parameters are to be considered not only individually but also in their correlations to each other. The views are presented which are to be regarded during the planning, carrying out and the evaluation of feed-selection experiments and of long-term experiments during the breeding phase of bitches and the growth phase of young dogs. Results of a series of experiments are reported. The use of a complete feed for breeding and maintenance (feed U) was compared with the use of a special breeding feed (feed Z) and a special maintenance feed (feed H), respectively, in dogs of the strain Chbi: BEAGLE. The feed-selection experiments showed no preference for either diet. Initially, on changing diets, the dogs consumed more of whichever new feed was given. From the parameters which characterize the breeding performance the only biologically relevant and statistically significant difference determined was a higher feed consumption in the feed-U-group. In the rearing phase the feed comsumption was higher in the feed-U-group, too.  相似文献   

A catena in northeast Brandenburg (Bölkendorf): Soil biota,root growth and soil structure     

Monika Joschko  Helmut Rogasik  Margitta Dannowski  Wilfried Hierold  Claus Heisler 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(5):385-396

Typical for the morainal landscape of NE‐Germany are catenas with pronounced gradients of abiotic factors, such as soil texture and organic matter content. For adequate management of these regions, their ecology must be better understood. In this context, the biological interactions in soil play an important role. The present study is based on the hypothesis that the gradients of abiotic factors across the catena are reflected in soil biota, i.e. earthworms and microarthropods, and root growth.

Sampling was carried out at selected positions across the catenary sequence of Boelkendorf, Brandenburg, for earthworms, Collembola and roots in April 1994. The soil physical analysis comprised measurements of soil bulk density and penetration resistance.

A positive correlation between earthworm abundance, numbers of Collembola and root growth at different catena positions was found. The top position especially, a calcaric regosol with low organic matter content, was markedly different with respect to soil biological and physical characteristics. High bulk densities and high soil resistance in the subsoil coincided with low earthworm densities, low microarthropod numbers and impeded rootability of the soil.  相似文献   

Qualitative and quantitative control of carbonated cola beverages using ¹H NMR spectroscopy     

Maes P  Monakhova YB  Kuballa T  Reusch H  Lachenmeier DW 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(11):2778-2784

1H Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (400 MHz) was used in the context of food surveillance to develop a reliable analytical tool to differentiate brands of cola beverages and to quantify selected constituents of the soft drinks. The preparation of the samples required only degassing and addition of 0.1% of TSP in D?O for locking and referencing followed by adjustment of pH to 4.5. The NMR spectra obtained can be considered as "fingerprints" and were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). Clusters from colas of the same brand were observed, and significant differences between premium and discount brands were found. The quantification of caffeine, acesulfame-K, aspartame, cyclamate, benzoate, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), sulfite ammonia caramel (E 150D), and vanillin was simultaneously possible using external calibration curves and applying TSP as internal standard. Limits of detection for caffeine, aspartame, acesulfame-K, and benzoate were 1.7, 3.5, 0.8, and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. Hence, NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometrics is an efficient tool for simultaneous identification of soft drinks and quantification of selected constituents.  相似文献   

Yield formation of five crop species under water shortage and differential potassium supply          下载免费PDF全文

Günther Schilling  Helmut Eißner  Lothar Schmidt  Edgar Peiter 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(2):234-243

A long‐term field experiment on a Haplic Phaeozem, established 1949 with four levels of potassium (K) supply (5, 69, 133, and 261 kg K ha^?1), was analyzed for the interaction between K supply and yield loss of five crop species by water shortage. The crop species were cultivated simultaneously side‐by‐side in the following rotation: potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), silage maize (Zea mays L.), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The treatment with 133 kg K ha^?1 supply had a nearly balanced K budget. In the treatments with lower supply, the soil delivered K from its mineral constituents. On the low‐K plots (especially on those with only 5 kg K ha^?1), crops suffered yield depressions of nearly all main harvest products (cereal grains, potato tubers, beet storage roots, silage maize) and by‐products (straw, beet leaves) by up to 40.7% of dry matter. Only wheat grains were an exception. Potassium concentrations in the harvested plant parts decreased nearly in parallel to the reduction of their dry matter yields, with the exception of cereal grains, which kept stable concentrations even in the treatment with only 5 kg K ha^?1. A comparison of four year‐pairs with differing levels of precipitation in yield‐relevant periods showed an average water shortage‐induced depression of dry matter yields by 19.7% in the main harvest products. The severity of this yield depression was not mitigated by elevated K supply, with the exception of beet leaves, where the dry matter production was stabilized by high K supply. In this crop, the reduction of storage‐root yield was associated with a decrease in harvest index and was therefore obviously caused by an inhibition of assimilate translocation from the leaves into these organs, in contrast to cereals, where water shortage primarily affected dry matter production in vegetative organs. It is concluded that the physiological causes of yield reduction by drought stress and the possibility of its amelioration by K supply differ between plant species and organs.  相似文献   

Suitability of the peroral administration of the marker creatinine for the quantitative determination of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs     

Hartmann H  Baumgardt T  Höchel J 《Berliner und Münchener tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2006,119(1-2):62-67

Established renal function tests for the quantitative determination of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in small animals by means of an exogenous clearance marker like creatinine are based on the intravenous or subcutaneous administration of the marker. In order to simplify performing the test, the suitability of the peroral administration of the marker substance was tested. Exogenous creatinine was administered to 17 Beagle dogs successively by the peroral (dose: 4 g/m2 BSA) and the subcutaneous route (dose: 2 g/m2 BSA). Both routes were tested sequentially in fasted and fed animals. In addition to the peroral administration of creatinine, the absorption marker D-Xylose (dose: 0.5 g/kg body weight) was given per os. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated based on serum concentration--time data of both markers. Maximum serum concentrations of the exogenous creatinine (C(max) = 1284 +/- 173 micromol/l) were observed 92 +/- 19 min post-dose (t(max)) in fasted dogs after peroral administration of creatinine. C(max) (956 +/- 209 micromol/l) and t(max) (67 +/- 13 min) were statistically significantly reduced in fed animals. The exogenous plasma clearance of creatinine was about 1/3 lower in fasted animals (94 +/- 15 ml/min/m2) than in fed ones (134 +/- 28 ml/min/m2). The apparent terminal disposition half-life of the exogenous creatinine showed mean values of about 170 min (fasted) and 200 min (fed). After peroral administration of D-Xylose, fasted animals showed higher C(max) (3.9 +/- 0.99 mmol/l) and t(max) values (60 +/- 18 min) than fed dogs (C(max) = 2.2 +/- 0.55 mmol/l, t(max) = 40 +/- 15 min). C(max) and t(max) did not differ between fed and fasted dogs after subcutaneous administration of creatinine. Creatinine clearance was again higher in fed (124 +/- 12.8 ml/min/m2) than in fasted dogs (104 +/- 9.0 ml/min/m2) after subcutaneous administration of the marker. The terminal disposition half-live was, however, similar with about 130-140 min. The route of administration (peroral vs. subcutaneous) did not influence the calculated clearance (no statistical significance when p < 0.01 is required). Creatinine in a dose of 4 g/m2 BSA can be administered by the peroral route of administration for assessing the GFR. For the quantitative determination of GFR standardized condition are required, i.e. animals have to be fasted for > or = 6 hours.  相似文献   

Combined application of computer tomography and light microscopy for analysis of conductive xylem area in coarse roots of European beech and Norway spruce   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Petia S. Nikolova  Helmut Blaschke  Rainer Matyssek  Hans Pretzsch  Thomas Seifert 《European Journal of Forest Research》2009,128(2):145-153

Axial water transport in trees is mainly determined by the gradient of negative water pressure and the structure of conductive xylem elements (i.e. conduits) connecting the fine roots with the foliage. There is still an essential lack of knowledge concerning the relationship between wood structure and hydraulic properties, especially of coarse roots. To this end, the study aimed (1) to work out a novel approach, based on the combination of computer tomography (CT) and light microscopy (LM), for determining the cumulative cross-sectional lumen area of conduits involved in the water transport of coarse roots in European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Norway spruce (Picea abies) and (2) to demonstrate its adequacy in quantifying the functional relationship between sapwood anatomy and ascending water mass flow in the xylem. The cross-sectional sapwood area of coarse roots was assessed through CT. The cumulative cross-sectional lumen area of conduits in the sapwood (i.e. the lumen area of conductive conduits) was measured by LM in combination with interactive image analysis. The new approach was developed with coarse roots of both the tree species growing in a 60-year-old mixed forest in Bavaria, Germany. The combination of the two methods unveiled spruce to possess a distinct sapwood/heartwood boundary in small-diameter roots, whereas such roots of beech reflected a gradual transition zone; only large-diameter roots displayed a distinct boundary in beech. Additionally, the cumulative lumen area of conductive conduits was found to be approximately 12% of the total coarse root cross-sectional area in both the tree species. The new approach of measuring the conductive lumen area of coarse-root conduits yielded levels of specific sap flow (i.e. axial conductivity) that substantially differed from those derived from commonly applied methods, which were based on sap flow per unit of total cross-sectional root area or xylem cross-sectional area of individual roots. The combination of CT and LM will facilitate functional comparisons of woody roots differing in diameter and of tree species of different anatomical xylem structure.  相似文献   

A Critical Comparison of Typologies of Small-Scale Forestry in Baden-Württemberg Derived Using Single and Multiple Criteria     

Andy Selter  Christoph Hartebrodt  Helmut Brandl  John Herbohn 《Small-Scale Forestry》2009,8(1):25-42

The paper presents a typology of small-scale forest owners in Baden-Württemberg based on multiple criteria and derived using multivariate cluster analysis of long-term accountancy network data. Four distinct types of landholders are identified based on a combination of structural, financial and biophysical data. These groups fit well with the present knowledge on small-scale forest owners in Baden-Württemberg. In addition, the members of each group display clear differences in attitudes towards forestry, giving further support for the validity of the grouping. A comparison is made of this typology and typologies derived using the single criteria of forestry region, forest size class, cutting volume, proportion of coniferous trees, forest income and main source of income. This comparison demonstrates the advantages of using cluster analysis to identify types of small-scale forest owners in south-west Germany. No matter whether structural, natural or financial data are assessed, the multiple criteria typology produced by cluster analysis provides the highest percentage of statistically significant distinctions between the medians of the groups identified. A typology based on the single criterion of ‘regions’ provides the second best fit and has the advantage of being simple to develop. A more detailed comparison between these two typologies, whereby the differences between groups were analysed based on the links between individual groups in respect to individual variables, also indicated that the multiple criteria typology was superior.

Andy SelterEmail:

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Influence of altitudinal variation on the content of phenolic compounds in wild populations of Calluna vulgaris, Sambucus nigra, and Vaccinium myrtillus     

Rieger G  Müller M  Guttenberger H  Bucar F 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(19):9080-9086

This study deals with the effect of altitudinal variation on the content of phenolic compounds in three traditional herbal plants, which are also consumed as food in Central Europe. Herbs of Calluna vulgaris (L.) HULL, flowers and fruits of Sambucus nigra L., and berries of Vaccinium myrtillus L. collected in the Naturpark Solktaler (Austria) were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE). Identification and quantification of the constituents in the polar extracts (methanol 80%, v/v) were achieved by means of RP-HPLC-PDA and/or LC-PDA-MS analysis with external standards. 3,5- O-Dicaffeoylquinic acid was identified in flowers of S. nigra for the first time. Rising concentrations of flavonoids and especially flavonol-3- O-glycosides with adjacent hydroxyl groups in ring B in C. vulgaris and S. nigra with increasing altitude were observed. Anthocyanins from the berries of both S. nigra and V. myrtillus occurred in decreasing amounts with rising altitude. C. vulgaris showed the best radical scavenging capacity based on the DPPH assay.  相似文献