Suppressive effect of deoxynivalenol, a Fusarium mycotoxin, on bovine and porcine neutrophil chemiluminescence: an in vitro study     

Takayama H  Shimada N  Mikami O  Murata H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(5):531-533

We evaluated the immunotoxicity of deoxynivalenol (DON), a Fusarium mycotoxin, on bovine and porcine neutrophils in vitro by using two function parameters, luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and random migration under agarose. A 2-hr DON treatment suppressed the chemiluminescence of bovine and porcine cells by 42% and 35% (on average) at 10(-5)M, and by 19% and 26% at 10(-6)M. Slight suppression was observed at concentrations lower than 10(-6)M. However, after an 18-hr DON treatment, random migration of neutrophils of both species remained unaffected, even at the highest concentration (10(-5)M). Although further extensive studies are needed, to our knowledge this is the first study to have revealed in vitro that DON can affect neutrophil function.  相似文献   

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of canine chromogranin A by use of immunological cross-reactivity of rabbit anti-bovine chromogranin A antibody     

Akiyoshi H  Aoki M  Kumagai D  Saleh N  Noda K  Shimada T  Sugii S  Ohashi F 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(5):535-537

Bovine and canine chromogranin A were extracted and purified from each specie's adrenal glands. Isolated bovine 70 kDa protein showed 100% identity to bovine CgA reported previously, whereas isolated canine 68 kDa protein showed 83.3% identity to bovine CgA by the NH(2)-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. Rabbit antibody to purified bovine protein (CgA) was found to immunologically cross-reacted with purified canine protein (CgA). In sandwich ELISA with anti-bovine CgA, concentration-dependent curves were obtained ranging from 0.3 to 20 mug/ml for canine CgA. From these findings, sandwich ELISA with anti-bovine CgA is found to be useful to determine the concentration of canine CgA.  相似文献   

Development and validation of species-specific primers that provide a molecular diagnostic for virus-vector longidorid nematodes and related species in German viticulture     

Judith Hübschen  Lilo Kling  Ulrike Ipach  Volker Zinkernagel  Derek Brown  Roy Neilson 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(9):883-891

The nematode species Longidorus attenuatus, L. elongatus, L. macrosoma and Paralongidorus maximusare economically important pests to the viticulture industry due to their ability to vector two nepoviruses (Raspberry Ringspot Virus and Tomato Black Ring Virus) to grapevines. In Germany, these species occur in vineyard soil with other non-vector but morphologically similar longidorid species, L. helveticus, L.profundorum and L. sturhani. Species-specific primers were designed from ribosomal DNA for all seven species to facilitate taxonomic identification for non-specialists. Primers were assessed for their reliability by screening, where possible, a number of populations of each species. Furthermore, their selectivity and sensitivity were determined when challenged with closely related longidorid species and general nematode communities typical of vineyard soil. A multiplex approach using a common forward primer combined with species-specific reverse primers enabled three target nematode species to be detected in the same PCR reaction. All primers were highly specific, detecting all nematode developmental forms from disparate populations and were sufficiently sensitive to detect a single target nematode within a whole nematode community typical of a vineyard soil comprising of a range of non-target species. Given their specificity, sensitivity and reliability, these diagnostic primers should be of great benefit to both phytosanitary/quarantine services related to the viticulture industry and also as a decision management tool for growers.  相似文献   

Real-time detection of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora nicotianae</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">P. citrophthora</Emphasis>in citrus roots and soil     

Antonio Ippolito  Leonardo Schena  Franco Nigro  Vincenza Soleti ligorio  Thaer Yaseen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2004,110(8):833-843

Two primers, specific for Phytophthora nicotianae (Pn6) and P. citrophthora (Pc2B), were modified to obtain Scorpion primers for real-time identification and detection of both pathogens in citrus nursery soils and roots. Multiplex PCR with dual-labelled fluorogenic probes allowed concurrent identification of both species ofPhytophthora among 150 fungal isolates, including 14 species of Phytophthora. Using P. nicotianaespecific primers a delayed and lower fluorescence increase was also obtained from P. cactorumDNA. However, in separate real-time amplifications, the aspecific increase of fluorescence from P. cactorum was avoided by increasing the annealing temperature. In multiplex PCR, with a series of 10-fold DNA dilutions, the detection limit was 10 pg l^-1 for P. nicotianaeand 100 pg l^–1 for P. citrophthora, whereas in separate reaction DNA up to 1 pg l^-1 was detected for both pathogens.Simple and rapid procedures for direct DNA extraction from soil and roots were utilised to yield DNA whose purity and quality was suitable for PCR assays. By combining these protocols with a double amplification (nested Scorpion-PCR) using primers Ph2-ITS4 amplifying DNA from the main Phytophthora species (first round) and PnB5-Pn6 Scorpion and Pc2B Scorpion-Pc7 (second round), it was possible to achieve real-time detection of P. nicotianaeand P. citrophthora from roots and soil. The degree of sensitivity was similar to that of traditional detection methods based on the use of selective media. The analyses of artificially and naturally infested soil showed a high and significant correlation between the concentration of pathogen propagules and the real-time PCR cycle threshold.  相似文献   

Treatment of Notoedres cati infestation in cats with selamectin     

Itoh N  Muraoka N  Aoki M  Itagaki T 《The Veterinary record》2004,154(13):409

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Role of actin microfilaments in canine distemper virus replication in vero cells     

Katayama H  Hori M  Sato K  Kajita M  Ozaki H  Karaki H  Ohashi K  Kai C 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2004,66(4):409-415

Several studies have indicated that viruses require a specific cytoskeletal structure for replication in host cells. In this study, we examined the role of actin fiber in the replication of canine distemper virus (CDV), belonging to the Morbillivirus genus of the family Paramyxoviridae. For this purpose, we used two actin depolymerizing agents, cytochalasin-D (C-D) and mycalolide-B (ML-B). In Vero cells, C-D disrupted actin fibers distributed in the cytosol, but peripheral actin fibers remained intact. On the other hand, ML-B completely disrupted the actin fibers distributed in both areas. Treatment of Vero cells with C-D or ML-B inhibited the replication of CDV. Double staining of CDV-infected Vero cells with antibody to N-protein and rhodamine-phalloidin revealed the presence of N-protein in mid-cytoplasm. However, the N-protein was specifically localized at the submembrane region in the presence of C-D, whereas it was clustered in the presence of ML-B. Viral mRNA levels of N- and H-proteins were rather increased by treatment with C-D or ML-B. The treatment with ML-B strongly inhibited N-protein expression, whereas C-D only slightly inhibited N-protein expression. These results suggest that actin microfilaments distributed in the cytoplasm and on the membrane region in host cells may have a different role in the process of CDV replication.  相似文献   

Discrete sandwich compounds of monolayer palladium sheets     

Murahashi T  Fujimoto M  Oka MA  Hashimoto Y  Uemura T  Tatsumi Y  Nakao Y  Ikeda A  Sakaki S  Kurosawa H 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5790):1104-1107

Despite the abundance of "sandwich" complexes, in which two cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ligands flank a metal center, this motif has not been extended to sheets of multiple metal atoms. We prepared and isolated two such compounds. In the first, three palladium centers form a planar triangular array, capped by chlorides, between two cycloheptatrienyl ligands. In the second, a pentapalladium sheet adopts an edge-sharing triangle-trapezoid skeleton between two naphthacene rings. The compounds were characterized by x-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The nature of bonding in the clusters was analyzed by quantum calculations.  相似文献   

Review of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coenosia attenuata</Emphasis> Stein and its first record as a predator of important greenhouse pests in Turkey     

Daniel Pohl  Stefan Kühne  İsmail Karaca  Eckard Moll 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(1):63-68

Greenhouses in Turkey under integrated pest management can be colonized by a high number predatory flies of the species Coenosia attenuata Stein, 1903 (Muscidae: Coenosia Meigen, 1826). Studies have shown that Coenosia predators do not simply colonize greenhouses from the outside for short periods but instead they are able to complete their developmental cycle in the greenhouse soil and can become established there for a long period of time. C. attenuata is indigenous to the Palaeotropical region. Its prey spectrum includes whiteflies, black fungus gnats and leaf-mining flies. Studies of the natural occurrence of these predaceous flies in greenhouses led to a recognition of the significance of this complex of beneficials for the control of important greenhouse pests. They can build up effective populations under greenhouse conditions, and as non-specific predators can feed on a variety of pest groups and on innocuous species.  相似文献   

Feeding potential of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cryptolaemus montrouzieri</Emphasis> against the mealybug <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phenacoccus solenopsis</Emphasis>     

Harmeet Kaur  J. S. Virk 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(2):131-136

Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is an exotic species native to the USA, damaging cotton and other plant families. The feeding potential of different development stages of Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant, a biological control agent against mealybugs, was investigated on different development stages of P. solenopsis. Fourth instar grubs and adults of C. montrouzieri were the most voracious feeders on different instars of mealybug. The number of 1^st instar nymphs of mealybug consumed by 1^st, 2^nd, 3^rd and 4^th instar larvae and adult beetles of C. montrouzieri was 15.56, 41.01, 125.38, 162.69 and 1613.81, respectively. The respective numbers of 2^nd and 3^rd instar nymphs of mealybug consumed were 11.15 and 1.80, 26.35 and 6.36, 73.66 and 13.32, 76.04 and 21.16, 787.95 and 114.66. The corresponding figures for adult female mealybugs were 0.94, 3.23, 8.47, 12.71 and 73.40, respectively. The results indicate that C. montrouzieri has the potential to be exploited as a biocontrol agent in North India; inoculative releases of 4^th instar larvae and adults may provide instant control of P. solenopsis. Field experiments should be conducted to determine the efficiency of the ladybird on this mealybug.  相似文献   

Advanced lentil lines screened for resistance to <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Fusarium oxysporum</Emphasis> f. sp. <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">lentis</Emphasis> under greenhouse and field conditions     

N. Mohammadi  H. Puralibaba  E. Mohammadi Goltapeh  A. Babaie Ahari  B. Pakdaman Sardrood 《Phytoparasitica》2012,40(1):69-76

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis is the most important pathogen of lentil plants, and most areas under lentil cultivation are reported to have a fusarium wilt disease background. The plants are infected in the seedling stage and later stages of their development. Fusarium wilt disease, which has appeared at high incidence rates during recent years, has caused sharp drops in the yield, especially in Moghan, in the northwest of Iran. Forty-five isolates of the pathogen were collected from different regions of the country with two isolates from ICARDA in the summer of 2008 and identified using Nelson’s key. The pathogenicity of the collected isolates was studied on a sensitive line (ILL 4605) under greenhouse conditions and significant differences in pathogenicity were found among them. The most pathogenic isolates from three provinces, East Azerbaijan (EA 30), Ardebil (Ar 3) and Khorasan (Kh 45), were selected and used in screening of 55 developed lines under greenhouse and field conditions. In the greenhouse, test plants were inoculated by immersing root tips in spore suspension and sowing seeds in pre-infested pot soil. Field tests were carried out in a naturally highly infested farm. At all stages, the plant response to the disease was based on the percentage of dead plants. Cluster analyses of the greenhouse and field data led to the selection of three lines (81S15, FLIP2007-42 L and FLIP2009-18 L) that were resistant under greenhouse and field conditions.  相似文献