Forest and social common capital   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hirofumi Uzawa 《Journal of Forest Research》2004,9(4):283-288

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Comparison of plasma metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities in beef cattle raised by different feeding systems in Korea, Japan and New Zealand   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mori A  Urabe S  Asada M  Tanaka Y  Tazaki H  Yamamoto I  Kimura N  Ozawa T  Morris ST  Hickson R  Kenyon PR  Blair H  Choi CB  Arai T 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2007,54(7):342-345

Concentrations of metabolites and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) and activities of enzymes related to energy metabolism were measured in plasma of Korean and Japanese beef cattle, which were raised by the indoor feeding system programmed to feed larger amount of roughage in their growing periods and larger amount of concentrate diet in their finishing periods (Japanese feeding system), and grazing New Zealand beef cattle. By the Japanese beef grading system, Korean and Japanese beef cattle showed high beef quality score, average grade 3.3 and 3.6, respectively. The plasma free fatty acid and lactate concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in Korean beef cattle were significantly higher than those in Japanese beef cattle. The plasma lactate concentration in Korean beef cattle was 8.40 mmol/l, which was similar to the values observed in lactic acidosis. The higher activities of plasma LDH, MDH and AST may indicate slight liver damage by slightly acidotic conditions in Korean beef cattle. New Zealand beef cattle fed on pasture which they harvest by grazing showed significantly lower plasma glucose, cholesterol, lactate and IRI concentrations and enzyme activities than those in Korean and Japanese beef cattle fed on larger amount of concentrate diets. Plasma metabolite concentrations and energy metabolism-related enzyme activities may be good indicators for evaluating metabolic conditions of beef cattle raised by different feeding systems.  相似文献   

Potentiation of the ionotropic GABA receptor response by whiskey fragrance     

Hossain SJ  Aoshima H  Koda H  Kiso Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(23):6828-6834

It is well-known that the target of most mood-defining compounds is an ionotropic gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA(A) receptor). The potentiation of the response of these inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors induces anxiolytic, sedative, and anesthetic activity in the human brain. To study the effects of whiskey fragrance on the GABA(A) receptor-mediated response, GABA(A) receptors were expressed in Xenopus oocyte by injecting rat whole brain mRNA or cRNA prepared from the cloned cDNA for the alpha(1) and beta(1) subunits of the bovine receptors. Most whiskey components such as phenol, ethoxy, and lactone derivatives potentiated the electrical responses of GABA(A) receptors, especially ethyl phenylpropanoate (EPP), which strongly potentiated the response. When this compound was applied to mice through respiration, the convulsions induced by pentetrazole were delayed, suggesting that EPP was absorbed by the brain, where it could potentiate the GABA(A) receptor responses. The extract of other alcoholic drinks such as wine, sake, brandy, and shochu also potentiated the responses to varying degrees. Although these fragrant components are present in alcoholic drinks at low concentrations (extremely small quantities compared with ethanol), they may also modulate the mood or consciousness of the human through the potentiation of the GABA(A) receptor response after absorption into the brain, because these hydrophobic fragrant compounds are easily absorbed into the brain through the blood-brain barrier and are several thousands times as potent as ethanol in the potentiation of the GABA(A) receptor-mediated response.  相似文献   

Plastein reaction as a method for enhancing the sulfur-containing amino acid level of soybean protein   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

M Yamashita  S Arai  S J Tsai  M Fujimaki 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1971,19(6):1151-1154

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Comparisons of the resistance to Japanese theileriosis among Santa Gertrudis × Japanese Shorthorn F₁, Japanese Shorthorn and their reciprocal crosses     

Mikito HIGUCHI  Hirofumi HANADA  Yoshitaka NAGAMINE  Takashi AWATA 《Animal Science Journal》2003,74(6):477-482

To improve the resistance of Japanese Shorthorn (JS) calves to the hemoprotozoan parasite Theileria sergenti (Ts), Santa Gertrudis (SG) × JS F₁ and its reciprocal backcross (F₁ × JS and JS × F₁) calves were produced. All the calves were born from February to April and kept on pasture with their dams from May to October. Blood samples were collected biweekly until 18 weeks of grazing and two indices of resistance to the parasite, percentage of parasitized erythrocytes (PE) and hematocrit value (Ht) were monitored. There was a weak negative correlation between daily gain (DG) on pasture and the average PE (P < 0.1), and was a significantly positive correlation between DG on pasture and the average Ht (P < 0.01) in the experimental period. Although maximum PE observed at six or eight weeks of grazing period was not significantly different among the four mating types, SG × JS F₁ calves exhibited a significantly larger decrease in PE compared to purebred JS after the peak PE. F₁ calves also showed maximum Ht through the grazing period. There were no apparent differences in the two indices among the two reciprocal backcrosses and purebred JS. These results indicated that Ts infection and subsequent decrease in Ht affected the DG of calves in the grassland. The present study also demonstrated that the introduction of the SG gene into JS was effective at the F₁ level in regard to the resistance to theileriosis, and that in the backcrosses an improvement in resistance could not be expected.  相似文献   

Activities of Enzymes in the Malate–Aspartate Shuttle in the Peripheral Leukocytes of Dogs and Cats     

Washizu  T.  Takahashi  M.  Azakami  D.  Ikeda  M.  Arai  T. 《Veterinary research communications》2001,25(8):623-629

The activities of the enzymes involved in the malate–aspartate shuttle and the expression of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), a rate-limiting enzyme in the NADH shuttle that produces ATP in glucose metabolism in leukocytes, were determined to investigate the differences in this shuttle system in the peripheral leukocytes of dogs and cats. There were no significant differences between dogs and cats in plasma glucose, immunoreactive insulin, free fatty acid or triglyceride concentrations. The activities of cytosolic and mitochondrial MDH and of mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) in canine leukocytes were significantly higher than in feline leukocytes. High activities of MDH in canine leukocytes were confirmed by RT-PCR analysis on the total RNA extracted from leukocytes. It was concluded that there were significant differences between dogs and cats in the NADH shuttle system.  相似文献   

Evaluation of selected plants for their toxic effects in canaries.     

M Arai  E Stauber  C M Shropshire 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,200(9):1329-1331

Leaves or fruit from 14 plants considered to be toxic to pet birds were administered by gavage to 15 pairs of canaries (Serinus canaria). Each bird was given 0.12 to 0.70 g of plant material. One pair served as a control and was given distilled water. The plant materials were flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen, pulverized, and resuspended in deionized water for administration. Of the plants tested, 5 (oleander, lupine, foxglove, yew leaves, and dieffenbachia) were considered highly toxic and were associated with acute death of birds. The remaining plant samples caused no, or only transient, clinical illness.  相似文献   

Functional analysis of potato mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase,StMEK1   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Shinpei Katou  Ayako Yamamoto  Hirofumi Yoshioka  Kazuhito Kawakita  Noriyuki Doke 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2003,69(3):161-168

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A comparison of the activities of certain enzymes related to energy metabolism in leukocytes in dogs and cats     

Washizu  T.  Kuramoto  E.  Abe  M.  Sako  T.  Arai  T. 《Veterinary research communications》1998,22(3):187-192

The activities of Na>⁺,K>⁺-ATPase in plasma membrane, of cytosolic enzymes and of glutamate dehydrogenase (GlGD) in mitochondria were measured in leukocytes (WBC) from dogs and cats to clarify the differences in energy metabolism in these cells. Feline WBC had significantly higher activities of hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and LDH with pyruvate as substrate than did canine WBC. Canine WBC had significantly higher activities of glucokinase (GK) and GlDH than did feline WBC. Feline WBC had unique characteristics of energy metabolism in that the activities of the cytosolic enzymes under anaerobic conditions were significantly higher than those in canine WBC. It therefore appears that there are distinct differences in glucose metabolism in WBC between dogs and cats. WBC enzyme activities are considered to reflect the metabolic state in the whole body of the animal. It is therefore suggested that changes in the activities of certain glycolytic enzymes in WBC may be useful as a diagnostic indicator in some types of metabolic disease in dogs and cats.  相似文献   

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials in Japanese Black and Holstein cattle     

Arai S  Matsui Y 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(10):1139-1142

This study was performed to examine normal brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) data for adult Japanese Black cattle and to evaluate whether differences exist in the peak latencies, interpeak latencies (IPL) and waveforms of BAEP between Japanese Black and Holstein cattle. The peaks were detected as major waves I, II, III and V in each group. The threshold of the BAEP waves in the Holstein cattle was 65-75 dB nHL, but the threshold in the Japanese Black cattle was 75-85 dB nHL. The I-III and I-V IPLs were significantly shorter in the Japanese Black compared with the Holstein cattle at an intensity of 105 dB nHL. The present findings suggest that the IPL and wave threshold of BAEP are influenced by bovine breed.  相似文献