Salivary mucocele in a laboratory beagle     

Yasuno H  Nagai H  Ishimura Y  Watanabe T  Yamasaki H  Anayama H  Takai Y  Yamauchi H  Hara Y  Murai F  Kandori H 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2011,24(2):131-135

The histologic characteristics of a salivary mucocele in a beagle used in a toxicity study are described in this report. A pale yellowish cyst under the mandibular skin containing frothy mucus was observed at necropsy. Microscopically, numerous villous projections arose from the internal surface of the cyst and were lined by stratified epithelial-like macrophages, which were immunopositive for macrophage scavenger receptor A. A ruptured sublingual interlobar duct connected to the lumen was observed near the cyst. Luminal amorphous material showed a positive reaction with Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff staining as did mucin in the sublingual gland. Ultrastructurally, the epithelial-like macrophages had numerous vacuoles containing electron-lucent material, which was presumed to be lysosomal in origin, and had pseudopods on their cell surfaces interdigitating with those on the adjacent cells. This case report helps to understand the diversity of the background findings in beagles used in toxicity studies.  相似文献   

Prevalence of hemoplasma infection among cattle in the western part of Japan     

Fujihara Y  Sasaoka F  Suzuki J  Watanabe Y  Fujihara M  Ooshita K  Ano H  Harasawa R 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(12):1653-1655

We have examined for hemoplasma infection among cattle in the Hiroshima and Miyazaki prefectures by using a sensitive real-time PCR, with SYBR Green I and with melting curve analysis, which allow to distinguish the two bovine hemoplasma species, Mycoplasma wenyonii and 'Candidatus M. haemobos'. We found 69.4% of 36 cattle in Hiroshima and 93.8% of 32 cattle in Miyazaki infected with either of these two hemoplasma species. High morbidity in western part of Japan may reflect the activity of arthropod vectors for hemoplasma transmission. We also demonstrated neonatal calves less than three months old affected with hemoplasmas without grazing in summer, suggesting a possibility of vertical transmission.  相似文献   

A Root Box Method to Estimate Virulence of Helicobasidium mompa Using Carrots and Its Comparison with the Conventional Method Using Apple Stocks     

Yukari UETAKE  Hitoshi NAKAMURA  Masao ARAKAWA  Ikuko OKABE  Naoyuki MATSUMOTO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(3):175-181

A root box method with carrots was developed to estimate virulence of the violet root rot fungus, Helicobasidium mompa, to facilitate short-term screening of many isolates during a year. The root box consisted of two transparent acrylic plates and a plastic bag of vermiculite in which two taproots of carrot were growing and inoculated with the fungus growing on fragments of mulberry twigs. The boxes were kept in a greenhouse at 25°C, and the surface of carrots was observed weekly up to 14 weeks. The virulence of each isolate was determined based on the number of weeks after inoculation required for the fungus to develop infection cushions on the surface of carrots. Results were compared with those from the conventional inoculation method using apple stocks. Two-year-old 456 apple stocks were planted with or without fungal inoculum in 30-cm diam. plastic pots containing commercial soil and placed outdoors in April 1999. Symptoms on plant tops were observed weekly, and the first stocks were killed 14 weeks after inoculation. At the end of trial 1 (6 months) and trial 2 (14 months), apple stocks were dug up to rate disease index (DI) based on hyphal growth and infection cushion formation on the stem base. There was variability in disease severity among replicates as well as isolate variability ; however, the results were similar in both trails. The level of virulence estimated by both methods was almost parallel for a total of 23 isolates from five plant species, except for two isolates from sweet potato that formed no obvious infection cushion on apple roots but on carrot were the most virulent. Received 11 December 2000/ Accepted in revised form 23 March 2001  相似文献   

Application timing of asulam for torpedograss (Panicum repens L.) control in sugarcane in Okinawa island     

Mohammad Amzad Hossain  Hitoshi Kuramochi  Yukio Ishimine  Hikaru Akamine 《Weed Biology and Management》2001,1(2):108-114

Field and glasshouse experiments were conducted from 1995 through 1996 to evaluate application timing of asulam (methyl sulfanilylcarbamate) for torpedograss (Panicum repens L.) control in relation to plant age in sugarcane. Above‐ground shoots of torpedograss were completely controlled with asulam at 2–4 kg active ingredient (a.i.) ha^?1 applied 60 or 80 days after planting (DAP) in artificially infested pots. But some newly developed rhizome buds survived after asulam application resulting in 1–25 and 76–100% or more regrowth in 60 and 80 DAP‐applied pots, respectively. Whereas the herbicide at 2–4 kg a.i. ha^?1 applied within 60 DAP completely controlled above‐ground shoots, applied 80 DAP at 2 kg a.i. ha^?1 it did not completely control the weed in the artificially infested field. Regrowth levels were 1–25 and 76–100% or more in 60 and 80 DAP‐applied plots, respectively. Asulam at 2–3 kg a.i. ha^?1 applied 20, 40, 60 or 80 DAP in a naturally infested field completely controlled above‐ground shoots and regrowth levels were 76–100 or more, 51–75, 1–25 and 26–50% in these same DAP applied plots, respectively. The herbicide applied at 4 kg a.i. ha^?1 caused chlorosis on younger sugarcane leaves (one‐leaf stage), but when applied at 2–3 kg a.i. ha^?1, no injury symptoms were shown. The herbicide at 2–4 kg a.i. ha^?1 applied within 60 DAP resulted in remarkably higher yield and shoot biomass of sugarcane than that applied 80 DAP. This study suggested that asulam at 2–3 kg a.i. ha^?1 should be applied 60 days after planting for the maximum control of torpedograss regrowth and better yield of sugarcane. This study also indicated that torpedograss cannot be completely controlled with a single application of asulam in a naturally infested field because of rhizome fragmentation by cross plowing and distribution of rhizomes into different soil layers that require different times to emerge. The shoots emerging after asulam application could not be controlled. Another study is required to determine the interval between sequential applications of asulam for better control of torpedograss in a naturally infested field.  相似文献   

Synthesis and application of trifluoromethylpyridines as a key structural motif in active agrochemical and pharmaceutical ingredients     

Masamitsu Tsukamoto  Tadashi Nakamura  Hirohiko Kimura  Hitoshi Nakayama 《Journal of Pesticide Science》2021,46(2):125

Herein, we provide a brief overview of the synthesis and applications of trifluoromethylpyridine (TFMP) and its derivatives in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries. Currently, the major use of TFMP derivatives is in the protection of crops from pests. Fluazifop-butyl was the first TFMP derivative introduced to the agrochemical market, and since then, more than 20 new TFMP-containing agrochemicals have acquired ISO common names. Several TFMP derivatives are also used in the pharmaceutical and veterinary industries; five pharmaceutical and two veterinary products containing the TFMP moiety have been granted market approval, and many candidates are currently undergoing clinical trials. The biological activities of TFMP derivatives are thought to be due to the combination of the unique physicochemical properties of the fluorine atom and the unique characteristics of the pyridine moiety. It is expected that many novel applications of TFMP will be discovered in the future.  相似文献   

Assessment of phosphorus bioavailability in cultivated Andisols from a long-term fertilization field experiment using chemical extractions and soil enzyme activities     

Hitoshi Moro  Tsuyoshi Sato 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(8):1107-1123

Various chemical extraction methods have been used to evaluate soil phosphorus (P) availability in different ways, and therefore inconsistent results are often obtained. This study examined the usefulness of the resource allocation model for extracellular enzymes for evaluating P availability in soils from a more biological perspective. Potential P availability was evaluated using the Truog and Bray-2 tests, the Hedley sequential extraction procedure, and enzyme activity assessments in cultivated Andisols from a 70-year-old fertilization experiment. Both the ratio of acid phosphatase to β-D-glucosidase activities and the ratio of alkaline phosphatase to β-D-glucosidase activities showed significant negative correlations with potentially available inorganic P, suggesting that microorganisms preferentially expended resources in the form of phosphatase production rather than β-D-glucosidase production to acquire P. Additionally, crop P content had a significant negative relationship to the ratio of alkaline phosphatase to β-D-glucosidase activities. These results suggest that the resource allocation model for extracellular enzymes is useful for evaluating P availability in Andisols.  相似文献   

Effectiveness of medium pruning on the reduction of radioactive cesium concentration in new shoots of tea plants in Ibaraki Prefecture,Japan     

Takashi Ishii  Hitoshi Osada  Shinichiro Tsukamoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):220-224

Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) plantations in the northern part of Ibaraki Prefecture in Japan, approximately 100 km southwest of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS), were contaminated with radioactive cesium (Cs) released from the power station during the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster in 2011. Radioactive Cs concentrations in new shoots were monitored over the 3 years since June 2011. The use of conventional skiffing management resulted in 64% lower radioactive Cs concentration in October 2011 compared with that in June 2011, and the concentration continued to decrease gradually thereafter. Medium pruning to approximately 40 cm from the ground decreased radioactive Cs concentrations in the first tea crop of 2012 and 2013 by 24–25% more than conventional skiffing management.  相似文献   

Adequate range of boron nutrition is more restricted for root nodule development than for plant growth in young soybean plant     

Md. Hasan Hafizur Rahman  Yasuhiro Arima  Koichiro Watanabe  Hitoshi Sekimoto 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(2):287-296

A pot experiment was conducted under growth chamber conditions to determine the lower and upper critical levels of boron (B) for plant growth, nodule development, and nodule acetylene reduction activity (ARA) in young soybean plants. Plants of a soybean cultivar, Tachinagaha, were grown in pots containing river sand to which a nutrient solution with different B levels was added and were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum A1017. At 8, 12, and 16 d after sowing (DAS), among the plants supplied with the solution at 0, 1.0, and 2.0 mg B L^-1 , plants with 1.0 mg B L^-1 showed the highest values for dry shoot and fresh root weight, root length, total number of developing nodules and meristematic nodules (DMN), and ARA. At 20 DAS plants grown with 11 B levels (0-2.0 mg L^-1) were compared. The B critical deficiency levels for soybean dry shoot weight, fresh root weight, root length, DMN, number of complete nodules, and ARA were approximately 46, 35, 34, 57, 60, and 50 mg B kg^-1 dry matter, and the critical toxicity levels were approximately 114, 137, 134, 97, 104, and 89 mg B kg^-1 dry matter, respectively. The optimum B levels for the growth characters were approximately 34 to 137 mg B kg^-1 dry matter. The optimum range of B levels for nodule formation and function was more restricted than that for the growth characters. Based on the results of treatments with various B concentrations, 0.4 mg B L^-1 was found to be the concentration most beneficial for all the growth characters including nodule formation at the early stage (20 DAS) of development of soybean plants.  相似文献   

Soil aggregate stability under different landscapes and vegetation types in a semiarid area in northeastern Syria     

Hitoshi Shinjo  Haruhiro Fujita  Gus Gintzburger  Takashi Kosaki 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):229-240

The influence of landscapes and vegetation types on soil aggregate stability was studied at 55 sites in rangeland and 18 sites in cropland in northeastern Syria. For the measurement of soil aggregate stability, the wet-sieving test was applied to air-dried and prewetted aggregates. As soil properties, pH, EC, organic carbon content, inorganic carbon content, sand content were determined. Slope gradients at all the sites and soil surface coverage at the sites in the rangeland were also determined. Due to the slaking process, the stability of air-dried aggregates with a mean value of 47.5 × 10^-2 kg kg^-1 was lower than that of prewetted ones with a mean value of 89.8 × 10^-2 kg kg^-1. The absence of a significant relationship between the soil aggregate stability and soil chemical properties in the cropland suggested the influence of tillage. Principal component analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis for the sites in the rangeland indicated that the air-dried aggregate stability could be described by a coverage factor and slope factor (r=0.76). The contribution of the coverage factor suggested that the increase of the soil organic matter content through the addition of plant materials and protection of the soil surface from the raindrop impact could enhance the soil aggregate stability. The positive contribution of the slope factor implied that unstable aggregates on steeper slopes had already been translocated, while stable aggregates remained. Thus, for the preservation of the soil aggregate stability, the soil surface coverage should be improved especially on gentler slopes.  相似文献   

Formation of methyl iodide from methoxyl-free compounds by hydriodic acid treatment     

Hitoshi Goto  Keiichi Koda  Guolin Tong  Yuji Matsumoto  Gyosuke Meshitsuka 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(3):312-314

  相似文献