Genetic parameters for tonic immobility,body weight,and morphological traits of the red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens)     

de Oliveira Santos  Dimas  de Araujo Neto  Francisco Ribeiro  de Abreu Santos  Daniel Jordan  dos Santos  Fabiana Ramos  Aspilcueta-Borquis  Rusbel Raul  de Queiroz  Sandra Aidar  Tonhati  Humberto 《Tropical animal health and production》2020,52(1):243-247

Tropical Animal Health and Production - This study was carried out to estimate genetic parameters for morphology, body weight, and tonic immobility traits in the red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus...  相似文献   

Identification of genomic regions related to age at first calving and first calving interval in water buffalo using single-step GBLUP     

Francisco Ribeiro de Araujo Neto  Luciana Takada  Daniel Jordan Abreu dos Santos  Rusbel Raul Aspilcueta-Borquis  Diercles Francisco Cardoso  André Vieira do Nascimento  Karen Martins Leão  Henrique Nunes de Oliveira  Humberto Tonhati 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2020,55(11):1565-1572

In Brazil, water buffaloes have been used to produce milk for mozzarella cheese production. Consequently, the main selection criterion applied for the buffalo genetic improvement is the estimated mozzarella yield as a function of milk, fat and protein production. However, given the importance of reproductive traits in production systems, this study aimed to use techniques for identifying genomic regions that affect the age at first calving (AFC) and first calving interval (FCI) in buffalo cows and to select candidate genes for the identification of QTL and gene expression studies. The single-step GBLUP method was used for the identification of genomic regions. Windows of 1 Mb containing single-nucleotide polymorphisms were constructed and the 10 windows that explained the greatest proportion of genetic variance were considered candidate regions for each trait. Genes present into the selected windows were identified using the UOA_WB_1 assembly as the reference, and their ontology was defined with the Panther tool. Candidate regions for both traits were identified on BBU 3, 12, 21 and 22; for AFC, candidates were detected on BBU 6, 7, 8, 9 and 15 and for first calving interval on BBU 4, 14 and 19. This study identified regions with great contribution to the additive genetic variance of age at first calving and first calving interval in the population of buffalo cows studied. The ROCK2, PMVK, ADCY2, MAP2K6, BMP10 and GFPT1 genes are main candidates for reproductive traits in water dairy buffaloes, and these results may have future applications in animal breeding programs or in gene expression studies of the species.  相似文献   

Soil structure and organic carbon relationships following 10 years of wheat straw management in no-till   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

Humberto Blanco-Canqui  R. Lal 《Soil & Tillage Research》2007,95(1-2):240-254

Crop residue retention is important for sequestering soil organic carbon (SOC), controlling soil erosion, and improving soil quality. Magnitude of residue management impacts on soil structural properties and SOC sequestration is, however, site specific. This study assessed long-term (10 year) impacts of three levels (0, 8, and 16 Mg ha⁻¹ on a dry matter basis) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw applied annually on SOC concentration and physical properties of the bulk soil and individual 5- to 8-mm aggregates for the 0- to 50-cm soil depth under no-till (NT) on a Crosby silt loam (fine, mixed, active, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs) in central Ohio. This study also quantified relationships between soil properties and straw-induced changes in SOC concentration. Changes in soil properties due to straw mulching were mostly confined to the upper 5 cm of the soil. Mulching increased SOC concentration, but it did not significantly change cone index (CI) and shear strength (SHEAR). Within the upper 0–5-cm soil depth, mulching decreased bulk density (ρ_b) by 40–50%, aggregate density (ρ_agg) by 30–40%, and particle density (ρ_s) by 10–15%, and increased tensile strength (TS) of aggregates by up to 14 times as compared to unmulched soil. At the same depth, soil with mulch retained >30% more water than soil without mulch from 0 to −1500 kPa potentials. The SOC amount was 16.0 Mg ha⁻¹ under no straw, 25.3 Mg ha⁻¹ under 8 Mg ha⁻¹ straw, and 33.5 Mg ha⁻¹ under 16 Mg ha⁻¹ straw in the 0- to 10-cm depth. Below 10 cm, differences in SOC pool between mulched and unmulched soil were not significant. Overall, SOC from 0- to 50-cm depth was 82.5 Mg ha⁻¹ for unmulched soil, 94.1 Mg ha⁻¹ for 8 Mg ha⁻¹ mulch, and 104.9 Mg ha⁻¹ for 16 Mg ha⁻¹. About 33% of C added with straw over the 10-year period was sequestered in soil. This means that 2/3 of the wheat straw applied was not converted to SOC and most probably was lost as emissions of CO₂ and CH₄. The annual rate of total C accrual was 1.2 Mg ha⁻¹ in soil mulched with 8 Mg ha⁻¹ and 2.2 Mg ha⁻¹ in soil mulched with 16 Mg ha⁻¹ of straw in the 0- to 50-cm depth. The percentage of macroaggregates (>5-mm) was six times higher under 8 Mg ha⁻¹ of straw and 12 times higher under 16 Mg ha⁻¹ compared to unmulched treatments. Macroaggregates contained greater SOC than microaggregates in mulched soil. The SOC concentration explained the variability in aggregate properties by as much as 96%. Overall, long-term straw mulching increased SOC concentration and improved near-surface aggregate properties.  相似文献   

Green mulch decomposition and nitrogen release from leaves of two Inga spp. in an organic alley-cropping practice in the humid tropics     

Humberto A. Leblanc  Pekka Nygren  Robert L. McGraw 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(2):349-358

Inga edulis Mart and Inga samanensis Uribe are promising yet little studied legume trees for use in agroforestry on acidic soils. The objective of this study was to analyze the decomposition and N release processes of green mulch from these species. Litterbags filled with leaves from each species were placed on the ground in an organic maize (Zea mays L.) alley-cropping experiment at the time of maize sowing and collected every 2 weeks over a 20 week period, and measured for dry matter, N, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin content. Three types of models were applied to the data, according to the characteristics of each component, to analyze the decomposition dynamics of whole leaves and leaf components: a negative exponential decay function, an inverted Michaelis-Menten function, and a linear regression. Initial decay of I. samanensis mulch was faster than I. edulis mulch. However, the recalcitrant fraction was about half of the initial litter mass in both Inga spp. Hemicellulose disappeared almost completely from the litter during the 20-week incubation period, while no significant lignin decay occurred. After a slow start, cellulose partially decayed following linear kinetics. The half-life of labile N, estimated as a Michaelis-Menten parameter, was 10 weeks in I. samanensis and ca. 24 weeks in I. edulis litter. Polyphenol content was significantly higher in I. edulis. Litter of I. edulis and I. samanensis may be classified as ‘low-quality’ and ‘medium-quality’ mulch, respectively. Due to the relatively large recalcitrant mulch fraction, both Inga spp. may promote C sequestration and long-term N accumulation in soil.  相似文献   

Investigation of Past and Present Multi-metal Input along Two Highways of British Columbia, Canada, Using Lead Isotopic Signatures     

Humberto F. Preciado  Loretta Y. Li  Dominique Weis 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2007,184(1-4):127-139

A multi-media monitoring field investigation, which included atmospheric, road sediment and soil samples, was carried out at two highway study sites to identify past and present Pb sources. Past Pb anthropogenic sources such as paint and leaded gasoline were linked to significant Pb accumulation in roadside soils at both sites through Pb isotopic analyses. This was achieved by identifying the distinct Pb isotopic composition in older versus newer Pb accumulation at different depths across the soil profile. Older Pb accumulations exhibited lower ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb isotopic ratios, consistent with Canadian Pb-bearing ores, whereas newer Pb accumulations reflected a mixture of the ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁷Pb ratios of road sediment samples, with the Pb isotopic signature of uncontaminated soil. Isotopic analyses were also helpful in identifying road sediment as an important current source of Pb in roadside soils, by comparing the isotopic signatures derived from road sediment and atmospheric dustfall. The known association of Pb with anthropogenic sources was used to indirectly relate other metals (Cu, Mn, Zn) to the same source by the Enrichment Ratio method. Significant positive correlations at the 90–95% confidence level were found between Cu, Zn and Pb Enrichment Ratios in roadside and dust deposition samples. Weaker correlations were found between Mn and Pb, at the highway study site with the least amount of traffic. However, correlations between these two metals were significant at the 90% confidence level for the busier highway site highlighting Mn potential anthropogenic source. An isotopic tracer study is suggested to further investigate the process of Mn redistribution in the environment due to exhaust fuel emissions. More research is needed regarding the potential impact from using a Mn-based fuel additive.  相似文献   

Optimization of the Duration and Intensity of UV-A Radiation to Obtain the Highest Free Phenol Content and Antioxidant Activity in Sprouted Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)     

Ruiz Hernández  Alan A.  Rouzaud Sández  Ofelia  Frías  Juana  Ayala Zavala  Fernando  Astiazarán García  Humberto  Robles Sánchez  Maribel 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2022,77(2):317-318

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Technologies such as UV-A radiation applied to sprouted sorghum can stimulate the synthesis or release of phenolic compounds. Since the optimal conditions for...  相似文献   

Antibacterial activity of supernatants of Lactoccocus lactis,Lactobacillus rhamnosus,Pediococcus pentosaceus and curcumin against Aeromonas hydrophila. In vitro study     

Ibarra-Martínez  David  Muñoz-Ortega  Martin Humberto  Quintanar-Stephano  Andrés  Martínez-Hernández  Sandra Luz  Ávila-Blanco  Manuel Enrique  Ventura-Juárez  Javier 《Veterinary research communications》2022,46(2):459-470

Veterinary Research Communications - Secretions of beneficial intestinal bacteria can inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of a wide range of microorganisms. Curcumin has shown broad spectrum...  相似文献   

Carbohydrate and lipid digestibility of animal and vegetal ingredients and diets for the pre-adult redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus (von Martens)     

Alfredo Campaña-Torres  Luis R Martinez-Cordova  Humberto Villarreal-Colmenares  & Roberto Civera-Cerecedo 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(10):1115-1121

In vivo carbohydrate and lipid digestibility of four animal [sardine meals 67% and 58% crude protein (CP), squid meal and red crab meal] and three vegetal (soy paste, textured wheat and sorghum meal) ingredients and diets were evaluated in experimental diets for pre-adult redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus . A reference and seven experimental diets were formulated, including 14.5% of each ingredient in the reference diet. A single factor, completely randomized experimental design with five replicates per treatment was done. Experimental organisms were pre-adult redclaw of 10±0.8 g. The best carbohydrate digestibilities were recorded for some vegetal ingredients such as sorghum and textured wheat (93.6% and 83.9%) and the corresponding diets (90.9% and 90.8%). For animal ingredients, carbohydrate digestibilities were very poor (from 12.3% to 41.1%), and the inclusion of these ingredients diminished the digestibility of the corresponding experimental diets as compared with the reference diet (86.3–89.2% vs. 89.9%). The highest lipid digestibility corresponded to red crab meal (97.5%). Textured wheat and soy paste meal also had excellent lipid digestibility (96.4% and 95.1%). The same tendency was found for the corresponding diets. The lowest percentages were obtained with 58% crude protein sardine meal (32.9%) and its diet (86.2%).  相似文献   

Effect of dissolved oxygen and temperature on growth, survival and body composition of juvenile Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes)     

L. Ocampo  H. Villarreal  M. Vargas  G. Portillo  & F. Magallón 《Aquaculture Research》2000,31(2):167-171

Survival, growth and proximal body composition of juvenile Farfantepenaeus californiensis (Holmes) were examined at two dissolved oxygen concentrations (mean 5.8 and 2.6 mg L^?1) and three temperatures (19 °C, 23 °C and 27 °C) for 50 days. Three replicate experiments were performed with a 12 h light/dark photoperiod. Survival was 68–85% at the lower dissolved oxygen level and 77–82% at the higher level and was not significantly affected by the treatments (P > 0.01). Growth at the lower oxygen concentration was significantly less (P < 0.01) than at the higher concentration, with growth rates of 2, 12 and 24 mg day^?1 from the lowest to the highest temperature and 4, 17 and 26 mg day^?1 for the three temperatures at the higher dissolved oxygen level. Body lipids were 1.2% wt/wt at the higher temperature and 2.1% wt/wt at the lower temperature, while proteins were 15.1% wt/wt at the higher temperature and 12.5% wt/wt at the lower temperature. These results indicate that low oxygen levels and low temperature significantly depress growth at this particular stage of life.  相似文献   

Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) clinical expression under field conditions is modulated by the pig genetic background     

López-Soria S  Nofrarías M  Calsamiglia M  Espinal A  Valero O  Ramírez-Mendoza H  Mínguez A  Serrano JM  Marín O  Callén A  Segalés J 《Veterinary microbiology》2011,149(3-4):352-357

Post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is a worldwide distributed disease of multifactorial origin and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been identified as its essential infectious aetiology. Pig genetic background has been pointed to influence disease expression. In the present study, three different boar lines, namely A (100% Pietrain), B (50% Large White × 50% Pietrain) and C (25% Large White × 75% Duroc), were used to inseminate sows from the same genetic line (37.5% Large White × 37.5% Duroc × 25% Landrace) located on two PMWS-affected farms (farm-1 and farm-2). The PMWS clinical expression of their offspring was studied from weaning to slaughter, evaluating three parameters: total post-weaning mortality (PWM), PWM associated to PMWS (PMWS-PWM) and body weight (BW) evolution. The effect of other variables potentially related with PMWS, including sow and piglet PCV2 exposure, sow parity, piglet gender and piglet BW at weaning, were also considered in the study design. Overall, a total of 6.5% PWM and 4.3% PMWS-PWM occurred in the monitored farms. Pigs from boar line C showed the highest PWM (16.3%) and PMWS-PWM (12.4%), and the lowest BW; pigs from boar line A showed the lowest PWM (1.8%) and the highest BW. Furthermore, PWM was also higher in piglets from farm-2 and from multiparous sows. In farm-2, PMWS-PWM was higher in piglets from multiparous sows. Finally, BW was influenced by interactions between genetics and both farm and pig age, and was lower in piglets from farm-2. This study represents a consistent observation of the genetic background effect on PMWS clinical expression under field conditions.  相似文献