氮素营养对马铃薯产量形成特性及品质的影响     

刘云  吴金全  严琦  梁志奇  石铭福  秦舒浩 《蔬菜》2017,(9):20-24

为优化旱作马铃薯氮素施用量,进一步提高马铃薯产量和改善薯块品质,通过盆栽种植方式,研究氮素营养对马铃薯干物质积累量、根冠比、产量及薯块品质的影响。结果表明:施氮量为190 kg/hm~2时,马铃薯各生育时期干物质积累量、根冠比和单株产量最高,根据一元二次拟合方程得出最佳施氮量为206.39 kg/hm~2,此时马铃薯单株产量为388.22 g,与实际最佳施氮量接近;马铃薯薯块淀粉和VC含量均在施氮量为190 kg/hm~2时最高,薯块蛋白质含量随氮素的增加呈递增趋势,而有机酸含量随氮素增加呈先增后降的趋势,在施氮量为350 kg/hm~2时达到最大值。在试验条件下,综合分析马铃薯产量形成特性及各品质指标,马铃薯氮素最适施用量为190~206.39 kg/hm~2。  相似文献   

Screening of Human CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 Inhibitors from Seaweed In Silico and In Vitro     

Sung-Kun Yim  Kian Kim  SangHo Chun  TaeHawn Oh  WooHuk Jung  KyooJin Jung  Chul-Ho Yun 《Marine drugs》2020,18(12)

Phenolic compounds and carotenoids are potential inhibitors of cytochrome P450s. Sixteen known compounds, phenolic compounds and carotenoids from seaweed were examined for potential inhibitory capacity against CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in silico and in vitro. Morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin inhibited the enzyme activity of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 in a dose-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ values of morin, quercetin, and fucoxanthin were 41.8, 22.5, and 30.3 μM for CYP1A2 and 86.6, 16.1, and 24.4 μM for CYP3A4, respectively. Siphonaxanthin and hesperidin did not show any significant effect on CYP1A2, but they slightly inhibited CYP3A4 activity at high concentrations. In silico modeling of CYP’s binding site revealed that the potential inhibitors bound in the cavity located above the distal surface of the heme prosthetic group through the 2a or 2f channel of CYPs. This study presents an approach for quickly predicting CYP inhibitory activity and shows the potential interactions of compounds and CYPs through in silico modeling.  相似文献   

Infection of human enterovirus 71 in immunosuppressed rhesus monkeys     

WANG Jing-jing  ZHANG Xue-mei  ZHAO Hong-ling  DONG Cheng-hong  PU Jing  LIAO Yun  WANG Li-chun  NA Rui-xiong  LIU Long-ding  ZHANG Ying  YANG Li-xian  WANG Qing-ling  SHEN Dong  WANG Xi  LI Qi-han 《园艺学报》2011,27(7):1249-1256

AIM: To investigate the infection process of human enterovirus 71 (EV71) in a rhesus monkey model of immunosuppression.METHODS: The monkey immunosuppression model was established by oral administration of cyclosporin A at a daily dose of 15 mg/kg for 7 days. Fourteen days after inoculation of EV71 FY23 strain via respiratory and digestive tracts, the infectious monkeys were sacrificed, and then the pathological changes of systemic organs were observed and the viral analysis in different tissues was performed.RESULTS: Compared with the experimental group without cyclosporin A, more positive results were observed in the immunosuppressed monkeys, such as more severe clinical symptoms, higher viral load/antigen expression and more pathological changes in the organs.CONCLUSION: The findings of the viral multiplication in the host provide evidence for evaluation of EV71 vaccine, and also indicate the delimitation for the population using EV71 vaccine in future.  相似文献   

Development of a kompetitive allele‐specific PCR marker for selection of the mutated Wx‐D1d allele in wheat breeding          下载免费PDF全文

Wenjing Hu  Yun Zhao  Tongde Bie  Derong Gao  Datong Liu  Ronglin Wu  Xiaoming Cheng  Shunhe Cheng  Yong Zhang 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(4):460-466

Waxy (Wx) protein is a key enzyme for synthesis of amylose in endosperm. Amylose content in wheat grain influences the quality of end‐use products. Seven alleles have been described at the Wx‐D1 locus, but only two of them (Wx‐D1b, Wx‐D1e) were genotyped with codominant markers. The waxy wheat line K107Wx1 developed by treating ‘Kanto 107’ seeds with ethyl methanesulphonate carries the Wx‐D1d allele. However, no molecular basis supports this nomenclature. In the present study, DNA sequence analysis confirmed that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the sixth exon of Wx‐D1 changed tryptophan at position 301 into a termination codon. Based on this sequence variation, a PCR‐based KASP marker was developed to detect this point mutation using 68 BC₈F₁ plants and 297 BC₈F₂ lines derived from the cross ‘Ningmai 14’*9/K107Wx1. Combined with codominant markers for the Wx‐A1 and Wx‐B1 alleles, waxy and non‐waxy near‐isogenic lines were distinguished. The KASP marker was efficient in identifying the mutant allele and can be used to transfer waxiness to elite lines.  相似文献   

一株碱性木聚糖酶产生菌的筛选及发酵条件的优化     

易旭东  潘虎  田云  刘博伦  林元山 《中国农学通报》2017,33(17):12-18

碱性木聚糖酶广泛用于造纸、纺织等领域。为筛选出高产碱性木聚糖酶的菌株,采用刚果红显色法,从山西省晋城市植物园土壤中筛选出一株碱性木聚糖酶产生菌株YH158,通过形态鉴定及16S r DNA序列分析,鉴定为甲基营养型芽孢杆菌(Bacillus methylotrophicus)。经发酵条件单因素优化及4因素3水平正交试验分析,确定了最佳的产酶培养基配方:麸皮5.0%、黄豆粕0.7%、硫酸锰0.1%。最佳培养条件:培养基初始p H 8.0,转速180 r/min,37℃发酵36 h,通过发酵条件的优化最终得到发酵液酶活为28.18 IU/m L。该菌产生的木聚糖酶具有较高的碱性适应性,水解产物富含2~5个木糖分子的低聚木糖,具有较高的工业应用前景。  相似文献   

沈阳地区油松枝枯病病原菌的鉴定     

王月  高国平  张瑶琪  周阳  王允  祁金玉 《西北林学院学报》2015,(3):139-144

采用传统形态分类学和现代分子生物学(DNA测序)相结合的方法,对沈阳地区近些年发生的油松枯枝病病原菌进行了分类鉴定研究,对筛选的2种真菌的子实体进行了接种试验。结果表明,在沈阳地区油松发病枯死枝上分离到的6个菌株(A1、A2、A3、A4、B1与B2)为2种菌,其中,菌种A为铁锈薄盘菌(Cenangium ferruginosum Fr.ex Fr.),菌种B为松丛赤壳菌(Nectria cucurbitula Sacc.)。2种真菌对油松健康小枝条均有侵染致病性,并分别获得有性子实体,证明了2种真菌为引起油松枯枝病的病原菌。  相似文献   

渭河流域生态功能区划     

王丽霞  张茗爽  隋立春  张双成  杨耘 《干旱区研究》2020,(1):236-243

以渭河流域为研究对象,根据流域生态环境现状,建立合理的指标体系,结合GIS与RS技术对研究区进行区划,并针对各功能区的主导生态功能或主要生态问题制定相应生态环境保护与建设重点。结果表明:渭河流域可被划分为7个生态功能区:①防旱抗旱区;②农业种植区;③牧业发展区;④水源涵养区;⑤防风固沙区;⑥植被保护区;⑦土壤侵蚀控制区。本研究为区域有效开发利用资源,合理制定生态环境保护措施提供科学依据。  相似文献   

不同育苗方式对丹参种苗形态、农艺性状及生理生化指标的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王凯  巢建国  谷巍  盛业龙  宿树兰  夏蕴  王玉卓  惠西珂  王圆圆 《南方农业学报》2020,51(1):162-168

[目的]分析不同育苗方式对丹参种苗形态、农艺性状和生理生化指标的影响,为工厂化、规范化和产业化生产优质丹参种苗提供参考依据.[方法]采用传统育苗、黑色穴盘育苗、白色泡沫穴盘漂浮育苗和白色泡沫穴盘育苗4种育苗方式进行丹参育苗,育苗结束后取样观察不同处理种苗的形态特征,并测定其农艺性状及生理生化指标,对比分析不同方式的育苗效果.[结果]4种育苗方式中,传统育苗方式所得丹参幼苗较高大、叶片颜色浓绿、主根特征明显;黑色穴盘育苗、白色泡沫穴盘漂浮育苗和白色泡沫穴盘育苗方式所得幼苗植株较小、叶片颜色浅绿、侧根及须根特征明显.除根长和茎粗外,其他农艺性状指标均表现为传统育苗>白色泡沫穴盘漂浮育苗>黑色穴盘育苗>白色泡沫穴盘育苗;白色泡沫穴盘漂浮育苗所得丹参种苗的根长最长(22.380±8.734 cm),茎粗最粗(2.629±0.602 cm).黑色穴盘育苗的根系活力[79.690±13.092μg/(g·h)]和可溶性糖含量(57.32±4.91 mg/g)最高,抗性较强;可溶性蛋白含量在4种育苗方式中差异不显著(P>0.05);光合色素含量表现为传统育苗>白色泡沫穴盘漂浮育苗>黑色穴盘育苗>白色泡沫穴盘育苗.[结论]在4种育苗方式中,传统育苗所得种苗植株高大,根系粗壮,适合于家种散户精耕细作.黑色穴盘育苗和白色泡沫穴盘漂浮育苗所得种苗均匀一致,高度适中,节水节肥,管理方便,适合于公司或企业进行工厂化和产业化生产.  相似文献   

基于连续投影算法和光谱变换的冬小麦生物量高光谱遥感估算   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王玉娜  李粉玲  王伟东  陈晓凯  常庆瑞 《麦类作物学报》2020,40(11):1389-1398

为探索基于全波段冠层高光谱以及变换光谱的冬小麦地上部生物量的遥感估算方法，以2016、2017年冬小麦田间试验为基础，通过对冠层光谱和地上部生物量的相关性分析，筛选拔节期、抽穗期的冬小麦冠层光谱、一阶导数光谱、对数变换光谱和连续统去除光谱对地上部生物量的敏感波段，并结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)分别建立拔节期和抽穗期基于SPA算法的冬小麦地上部生物量估测模型，再与基于任意两波段组合的最佳归一化光谱指数、比值光谱指数、差值光谱指数和已报道光谱指数的冬小麦地上部生物量估测模型进行比较。结果表明：(1)SPA算法较好地利用了全波段冠层光谱信息，并显著降低了光谱维度，不同变换光谱的地上部生物量敏感波段个数在4~14之间；(2)拔节期和抽穗期冠层光谱与地上部生物量的相关性高于开花期和灌浆期，各生育时期一阶导数光谱与地上部生物量之间的相关性优于连续统去除光谱、对数变换光谱和光谱指数；(3) 利用抽穗期一阶导数光谱敏感波段建立的预测模型和验证模型达到了较高的精度，其预测模型的决定系数和均方根误差分别为0.78和0.87 t·hm^-2，验证模型的决定系数和均方根误差分别为 0.84和0.69 t·hm^-2，预测相对偏差为2.74。这说明，抽穗期是估算地上部生物量的最佳生育时期，且基于冠层一阶导数变换光谱，结合连续投影算法和偏最小二乘回归方法所构建抽穗期地上部生物量估算模型具有最优的精度和预测能力，可用于地上部生物量的定量估算。  相似文献   

探究姜和大蒜粗提取液对甘蓝枯萎病菌的抑制作用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王一凡  鲁韵  李二峰 《中国农学通报》2020,36(16):128-134

研究旨在了解不同浓度姜和大蒜粗提取液对甘蓝枯萎病菌的抑制效果及对菌丝形态结构的影响,以此初步获得最适合的抑制病原菌的植物粗提取液浓度。以姜和大蒜粗提取液为供试材料,测定不同浓度2种粗提取液对甘蓝枯萎病菌尖孢镰刀菌的生长情况、孢子浓度、孢子萌发率及菌丝结构的影响。结果表明,2种粗提取液均能抑制并降低尖孢镰刀菌的生长速率、孢子浓度和孢子萌发率,且大蒜粗提取液比姜粗提取液抑制效果更显著,在低浓度下对菌丝形态结构的影响也比姜粗提取液明显,大蒜粗提取液在各浓度下与对照相比均达极显著差异,且大蒜浓度为0.4 g/mL时对尖孢镰刀菌孢子萌发率抑制达100%。该试验证实大蒜对甘蓝枯萎病菌有极显著抑制作用,为使用间种或轮作大蒜进行田间防治甘蓝枯萎病菌提供了参考。  相似文献